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Lecture 04 Critical Path Method (CPM) PDF

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128 views

Lecture 04 Critical Path Method (CPM) PDF

Uploaded by

Amira Hachem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Critical Path Method

Dr. Mohamad El Dandachy

INME 423 © Beirut Arab University


How long will
it take?!

Dr. Mohamad El Dandachy INME 423 © Beirut Arab University


Critical Path Method
▪ Provides a timetable for performing activities
▪ Provides data for reports and graphics that aid in decision
making
▪ Acts as a tool for examining activity relationships and
resource utilization
▪ Shows the longest continuous path of activities through a
project, which determines the project end date
Flow Chart
▪ Shows Preceding Activities (Predecessors)
▪ Shows Succeeding Activities (Successors)
▪ Shows Concurrent Activities
▪ Shows the Critical Path Activities
▪ Shows the Amount of Float

Dr. Mohamad El Dandachy INME 423 © Beirut Arab University


Steps to Create a CPM Schedule
1. Break down the project into activities
2. Determine the logical relationships
3. Specify activities’ durations
4. Draw network
5. Perform the CPM calculations

Dr. Mohamad El Dandachy INME 423 © Beirut Arab University


Factors to be considered to create a
practical WBS
▪ Nature of work/ homogeneity
- Wall Construction: Framing, Drywall, and Paintings
▪ Location/ Floor/ Segment
- Excavation of a road (segments of 100 m), Electric Wiring in each
floor
▪ Size/ Duration
- Large activities (duration or quantity) divided into several activities
▪ Timing/ Chronology
- Portion of work delayed to the end: tiling part of the basement
▪ Responsibility/ Trade
- Mechanical activities separated than electrical activities

Dr. Mohamad El Dandachy INME 423 © Beirut Arab University


Factors to be considered to create a
practical WBS
▪ Phase
- Design Phase/ Permit Phase/ Shopdrawing phase/ etc

▪ Contractual restrictions
- Limit of activity durations (ex: max of 14 days)

▪ Level of confidence in the duration


- Divide an activity to smaller activities to be more accurate on
duration estimation

Dr. Mohamad El Dandachy INME 423 © Beirut Arab University


Activities
▪ Determine the level of detail
▪ Show submittal process?
▪ Show procurement of material?
▪ Show curing time for concrete?

Dr. Mohamad El Dandachy INME 423 © Beirut Arab University


Logical Relationships
▪ Does this activity really have to be done before each of the
following activities can start?

Is it actually a predecessor?

▪ What other activities need to be done before this activity can


start?

Is there any other predecessor?

Dr. Mohamad El Dandachy INME 423 © Beirut Arab University


Duration of Activities
▪ Productivity rate:
The quantity of work that could be done by a labor per unit
time (quantity/unit time/labor)
𝐐𝐮𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐭𝐲
𝐃𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 =
𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐑𝐚𝐭𝐞 × # 𝐨𝐟 𝐥𝐚𝐛𝐨𝐫𝐬

▪ Production rate:
The quantity of work that could be done by a group of labors
per unit time (quantity/unit time)
𝐐𝐮𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐭𝐲
𝐃𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 =
𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐑𝐚𝐭𝐞

Dr. Mohamad El Dandachy INME 423 © Beirut Arab University


Duration of Activities
▪ Consult site engineer or superintendent

▪ Consult corresponding sub-contractor

▪ Consult estimation department

▪ Check previous projects for similar activities and conditions

Sometimes “Guesstimate”

Dr. Mohamad El Dandachy INME 423 © Beirut Arab University


CPM Calculations
▪ Calculate the Early Dates (Forward Pass)
▪ Calculate the Late Dates (Backward Pass)
▪ Calculate the Total Float, Free Float
▪ Mark the Critical Path

Dr. Mohamad El Dandachy INME 423 © Beirut Arab University


CPM Definitions
▪ Name: name of activity to be completed
▪ Duration: estimated time required to perform an
activity
▪ Early Start (ES): earliest time an activity can be
started
▪ Early Finish (EF): earliest time an activity can be
finished
▪ Late Finish (LF): latest time an activity can be finished
without delaying the project’s completion date
▪ Late Start (LS): latest time an activity can be started
without delaying the project’s completion date

Dr. Mohamad El Dandachy INME 423 © Beirut Arab University


Forward Pass
▪ Establishes the earliest start and earliest finish times for each
activity in the network

▪ Establishes the earliest possible finish date for the project

▪ Conventions for expressing the timing of an activity:


▪ End-of-day: any date mentioned for an activity means the
end of that day
▪ Ex: 0 – 5
▪ Beginning-of-day for start date and end of day for
finish date
▪ Ex: 1 - 5

Dr. Mohamad El Dandachy INME 423 © Beirut Arab University


Floats
▪ Total Floats (TF): the amount of time an activity may be
delayed without delaying the project’s completion date.
▪ 𝐓𝐅 = 𝐋𝐅 − 𝐄𝐅 = 𝐋𝐒 − 𝐄𝐒 (for both conventions)
▪ Free Float (FF): amount of time an activity may be delayed
without delaying the ES time of the following activity or the
project’s completion date
▪ 𝐅𝐅 = 𝐦𝐢𝐧 𝐄𝐒𝑺𝒖𝒄𝒄𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒐𝒓𝒔 − 𝐄𝐅 (End of day convention)
▪ 𝐅𝐅 = 𝐦𝐢𝐧 𝐄𝐒𝑺𝒖𝒄𝒄𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒐𝒓𝒔 − 𝐄𝐅 − 1 (Beginning of day convention)

Dr. Mohamad El Dandachy INME 423 © Beirut Arab University


Forward Pass (End-of-day Convention)
▪ 𝐄𝐚𝐫𝐥𝐲 𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐫𝐭 = 𝐦𝐚𝐱 [𝐄𝐅 𝐨𝐟 𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐝𝐞𝐜𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐫𝐬]

▪ 𝐄𝐅 = 𝐄𝐒 + 𝐃𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧

Dr. Mohamad El Dandachy INME 423 © Beirut Arab University


Backward Pass (End-of-day Convention)
▪ 𝐋𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐬𝐡 = 𝐦𝐢𝐧 [𝐋𝐒 𝐨𝐟 𝐒𝐮𝐜𝐜𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐫𝐬]

▪ 𝐋𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐫𝐭 = 𝐋𝐅 − 𝐃𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧

Dr. Mohamad El Dandachy INME 423 © Beirut Arab University


Example 1 - End of Day Convention

Dr. Mohamad El Dandachy INME 423 © Beirut Arab University


Example 1

Forward Pass

Dr. Mohamad El Dandachy INME 423 © Beirut Arab University


Example 1

Backward Pass

Dr. Mohamad El Dandachy INME 423 © Beirut Arab University


Forward Pass (Beginning-of-day
Convention)
▪ 𝐄𝐚𝐫𝐥𝐲 𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐫𝐭 = 𝐦𝐚𝐱 [𝐄𝐅 𝐨𝐟 𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐝𝐞𝐜𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐫𝐬] + 𝟏

▪ 𝐄𝐅 = 𝐄𝐒 + 𝐃𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 − 𝟏

Dr. Mohamad El Dandachy INME 423 © Beirut Arab University


Backward Pass (Beginning-of-day
Convention)
▪ 𝐋𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐬𝐡 = 𝐦𝐢𝐧 [𝐋𝐒 𝐨𝐟 𝐒𝐮𝐜𝐜𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐫𝐬] − 𝟏

▪ 𝐋𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐫𝐭 = 𝐋𝐅 − 𝐃𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 + 𝟏

Dr. Mohamad El Dandachy INME 423 © Beirut Arab University


Example 2 – Beginning of Day
Convention

Dr. Mohamad El Dandachy INME 423 © Beirut Arab University


Example 2 – Beginning of Day
Convention

Dr. Mohamad El Dandachy INME 423 © Beirut Arab University


Example 3 - Homework for next time
1. End of Day Convention:
a) Forward pass
b) Backward pass
c) Floats

2. Beginning of Day Convention:


a) Forward pass
b) Backward pass
c) Floats

Dr. Mohamad El Dandachy INME 423 © Beirut Arab University

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