Interfacing 16×2 LCD With 8051

INTERFACING 16×2 LCD WITH 8051 MICROCONTROLLER
INTERFACING 16×2 LCD WITH 8051:
LCD display is an inevitable part in almost all embedded projects and this article is about
interfacing a 16×2 LCD with 8051 microcontroller. Many guys find it hard to interface LCD
module with the 8051 but the fact is that if you learn it properly, its a very easy job and by
knowing it you can easily design embedded projects like digital voltmeter / ammeter, digital
clock, home automation displays, status indicator display, digital code locks, digital
speedometer/ odometer, display for music players etc etc. Thoroughly going through this article
will make you able to display any text (including the extended characters) on any part of the
16×2 display screen. In order to understand the interfacing first you have to know about the 16×2
LCD module.
16×2 LCD MODULE:
16×2 LCD module is a very common type of LCD module that is used in 8051 based embedded
projects. It consists of 16 rows and 2 columns of 5×7 or 5×8 LCD dot matrices. The module
were are talking about here is type number JHD162A which is a very popular one . It is available
in a 16 pin package with back light ,contrast adjustment function and each dot matrix has 5×8 dot
resolution. The pin numbers, their name and corresponding functions are shown in the table
below.
Pin
No: Name Function
This pin must be connected
1 VSS to the ground
Positive supply voltage pin
2 VCC (5V DC)
3 VEE Contrast adjustment
4 RS Register selection
5 R/W Read or write
6 E Enable
7 DB0 Data
8 DB1 Data
9 DB2 Data
10 DB3 Data
11 DB4 Data
12 DB5 Data
13 DB6 Data
14 DB7 Data
15 LED+ Back light LED+
16 LED- Back light LED-
VEE pin is meant for adjusting the contrast of the LCD display and the contrast can be adjusted
by varying the voltage at this pin. This is done by connecting one end of a POT to the Vcc (5V),
other end to the Ground and connecting the center terminal (wiper) of the POT to the VEE pin.
See the circuit diagram for better understanding.
The JHD162A has two built in registers namely data register and command register. Data
register is for placing the data to be displayed , and the command register is to place the
commands. The 16×2 LCD module has a set of commands each meant for doing a particular job
with the display. We will discuss in detail about the commands later. High logic at the RS pin
will select the data register and Low logic at the RS pin will select the command register. If we
make the RS pin high and the put a data in the 8 bit data line (DB0 to DB7) , the LCD module
will recognize it as a data to be displayed . If we make RS pin low and put a data on the data
line, the module will recognize it as a command.
R/W pin is meant for selecting between read and write modes. High level at this pin enables read
mode and low level at this pin enables write mode.
E pin is for enabling the module. A high to low transition at this pin will enable the module.
DB0 to DB7 are the data pins. The data to be displayed and the command instructions are
placed on these pins.
LED+ is the anode of the back light LED and this pin must be connected to Vcc through a
suitable series current limiting resistor. LED- is the cathode of the back light LED and this pin
must be connected to ground.
16×2 LCD MODULE COMMANDS:
16×2 LCD module has a set of preset command instructions. Each command will make the
module to do a particular task. The commonly used commands and their function are given in
the table below.
Command Function

LCD ON, Cursor ON, Cursor
0F blinking ON
01 Clear screen
02 Return home
04 Decrement cursor
06 Increment cursor
Display ON ,Cursor blinking
0E OFF
Force cursor to the beginning
80 of 1st line
Force cursor to the beginning
C0 of 2nd line
38 Use 2 lines and 5×7 matrix
83 Cursor line 1 position 3
3C Activate second line
08 Display OFF, Cursor OFF
Jump to second line,
C1 position1
OC Display ON, Cursor OFF
C1 position1
C2 position2
LCD INITIALIZATION:
The steps that has to be done for initializing the LCD display is given below and these steps are
common for almost all applications.
 Send 38H to the 8 bit data line for initialization
 Send 0FH for making LCD ON, cursor ON and cursor blinking ON.
 Send 06H for incrementing cursor position.
 Send 01H for clearing the display and return the cursor.
SENDING DATA TO THE LCD:
The steps for sending data to the LCD module is given below. I have already said that the LCD
module has pins namely RS, R/W and E. It is the logic state of these pins that make the module
to determine whether a given data input is a command or data to be displayed.
 Make R/W low.
 Make RS=0 if data byte is a command and make RS=1 if the data byte is a data to be
displayed.
 Place data byte on the data register.
 Pulse E from high to low.
 Repeat above steps for sending another data.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
INTERFACING 16×2 LCD MODULE TO 8051
DESCRIPTION OF THE CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

The circuit diagram given above shows how to interface a 16×2 LCD module with AT89S1
microcontroller. Capacitor C3, resistor R3 and push button switch S1 forms the reset circuitry.
Ceramic capacitors C1,C2 and crystal X1 is related to the clock circuitry which produces the
system clock frequency. P1.0 to P1.7 pins of the microcontroller is connected to the DB0 to DB7
pins of the module respectively and through this route the data goes to the LCD module. P3.3,
P3.4 and P3.5 are connected to the E, R/W, RS pins of the microcontroller and through this route
the control signals are transferred to the LCD module. Resistor R1 limits the current through the
back light LED and so do the back light intensity. POT R2 is used for adjusting the contrast of
the display. Program for interfacing LCD to 8051 microcontroller is shown below.
ALP FOR LCD INTERFACING TO 8051 AND TO DISPLAY TEXT:
MOV A,#38H // Use 2 lines and 5x7 matrix
ACALL CMND
MOV A,#0FH // LCD ON, cursor ON, cursor blinking ON
ACALL CMND
MOV A,#01H //Clear screen
ACALL CMND
MOV A,#06H //Increment cursor
ACALL CMND
MOV A,#82H //Cursor line one , position 2
ACALL CMND
MOV A,#3CH //Activate second line
ACALL CMND
MOV A,#49D
ACALL DISP
MOV A,#54D
ACALL DISP
MOV A,#88D
ACALL DISP
MOV A,#50D
ACALL DISP
MOV A,#32D
ACALL DISP
MOV A,#76D
ACALL DISP
MOV A,#67D
ACALL DISP
MOV A,#68D
ACALL DISP
MOV A,#0C1H //Jump to second line, position 1
ACALL CMND
MOV A,#67D
ACALL DISP
MOV A,#73D
ACALL DISP
MOV A,#82D
ACALL DISP
MOV A,#67D
ACALL DISP
MOV A,#85D
ACALL DISP
MOV A,#73D
ACALL DISP
MOV A,#84D
ACALL DISP
MOV A,#83D
ACALL DISP
MOV A,#84D
ACALL DISP
MOV A,#79D
ACALL DISP
MOV A,#68D
ACALL DISP
MOV A,#65D
ACALL DISP
MOV A,#89D
ACALL DISP
HERE: SJMP HERE
CMND: MOV P1,A
CLR P3.5
CLR P3.4
SETB P3.3
CLR P3.3
ACALL DELY
RET
DISP:MOV P1,A
SETB P3.5
CLR P3.4
SETB P3.3
CLR P3.3
ACALL DELY
RET
DELY: CLR P3.3
CLR P3.5
SETB P3.4
MOV P1,#0FFh
SETB P3.3
MOV A,P1
JB ACC.7,DELY
CLR P3.3
CLR P3.4
RET
END

Interfacing 16×2 LCD With 8051

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INTERFACING 16×2 LCD WITH 8051 MICROCONTROLLER

INTERFACING 16×2 LCD WITH 8051:

16×2 LCD MODULE:

16×2 LCD MODULE COMMANDS:

Command Function

SENDING DATA TO THE LCD:

INTERFACING 16×2 LCD MODULE TO 8051

DESCRIPTION OF THE CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

MOV A,#0FH // LCD ON, cursor ON, cursor blinking ON

MOV A,#01H //Clear screen

MOV A,#06H //Increment cursor

MOV A,#82H //Cursor line one , position 2

MOV A,#3CH //Activate second line

MOV A,#0C1H //Jump to second line, position 1

HERE: SJMP HERE

CMND: MOV P1,A

DELY: CLR P3.3

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