MAT5322 – Measures and Measure Spaces
Assignment 3
J. Musonda, PhD
Department of Mathematics & Statistics
The University of Zambia
October 4, 2020
Instruction: Submit complete and well-written solutions to all questions by 11/10/2020.
1. (a) Let X be a locally compact Hausdorff (LCH) space, and M a σ-algebra on X that
includes the Borel algebra BX . When is a measure µ on (X, M) said to be regular?
(b) Let X be an LCH space, µ a σ-finite regular Borel measure on X and A a Borel
subset of X. Prove that the Borel measure µA defined by
µA (E) = µ(E ∩ A)
is a regular Borel measure. (Exercise 7.7, Folland)
(c) (i) State the Riesz representation theorem for positive linear functionals on Cc (X),
where X is a σ-compact LCH space.
(ii) State the Riesz representation theorem for the dual of C0 (X), where X is an
LCH space.
(d) If X is a topological
space, a function f : X → (−∞, ∞] is called lower semicontinu-
ous (LSC) if x : f (x) > a is open for all a ∈ R, and a function f : X → [−∞, ∞)
is called upper semicontinuous (USC) if x : f (x) < a is open for all a ∈ R.
Suppose that µ is a regular Borel measure and f ∈ L1 (µ) is real-valued. Prove
that for every ε > 0 there exist an LSC function g and a USC function h such that
Z
h ≤ f ≤ g and (g − h) dµ < ε.
(Exercise 7.10, Folland)
1
2. (a) Let X be an LCH space, Y a closed subset of X (which is an LCH space in the
relative topology), and µ a Radon measure on Y . Prove that
Z
I(f ) = f |Y dµ
is a positive linear functional on Cc (X), and the induced Radon measure ν on X is
given by ν(E) = µ(E ∩ Y ).
(b) Let X be an LCH space. Prove that a sequence {fn } in C0 (X) converges weakly to
f ∈ C0 (X) if and only if sup kfn ku < ∞ and fn → f pointwise.
(c) Let µ and ν be regular Borel measures on the σ-compact LCH spacesR X and Y .
ProveR that if f is a nonnegative LSC function on X × Y , then x 7→ fx dν and
y 7→ fy dµ are Borel measurable and
Z ZZ ZZ
f d(µ×ν) =
b f dµ dν = f dν dµ
3. (a) Suppose that X is a metric space, A ⊂ X and p ≥ 0. Define
(i) the p-dimensional Hausdorff outer measure of A.
(ii) the p-dimensional Hausdorff measure of A.
(b) Prove that in any metric space, zero-dimensional Hausdorff measure is counting
measure. (Exercise 11.13, Folland)
(c) The Hausdorff dimension of any subset A of a metric space is defined by
dimH (E) = sup p ≥ 0 : Hp (E) = ∞
or
dimH (E) = inf p ≥ 0 : Hp (E) = 0 .
Show that the two definitions are the same. (Lecture task)
(d) Let S = {S1 , . . . , Sk } be a family of similitudes with scaling factor r. Suppose there
is an open set U such that
S(U ) ⊂ U and Si (U ) ∩ Sj (U ) 6= ∅ for i 6= j,
and let U be the closure of U .
(i) Prove that F = ∞ m
T
m=1 S (U ) is a nonempty compact set such that S(F ) = F ,
and dimH (F ) = log1/r k.
(ii) One standard example of a self-similar set is the Sierpiński gasket. Use the
conclusion of part (i) to show that its Hausdorff dimension is log2 3.
(e) Prove that the measure µ in Folland’s Theorem 11.28 is unique.
End of Assignment
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