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Formulary Systeemanalyse (H00S4A) Systems Theory (H04X3B) : J. Swevers November 2016

This document provides an overview of various signal processing and control theory topics including: 1. Laplace and z-transforms of common functions and their properties. 2. Transformation methods between the s-domain and z-domain. 3. Fourier series representation of periodic signals. 4. Fourier transform properties and its application to basic functions. 5. Discrete Fourier transform and its equation. 6. Controllability and observability matrices for linear systems.

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Bader AlShakhatrah
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73 views11 pages

Formulary Systeemanalyse (H00S4A) Systems Theory (H04X3B) : J. Swevers November 2016

This document provides an overview of various signal processing and control theory topics including: 1. Laplace and z-transforms of common functions and their properties. 2. Transformation methods between the s-domain and z-domain. 3. Fourier series representation of periodic signals. 4. Fourier transform properties and its application to basic functions. 5. Discrete Fourier transform and its equation. 6. Controllability and observability matrices for linear systems.

Uploaded by

Bader AlShakhatrah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Formulary

Systeemanalyse [H00S4A]
Systems Theory [H04X3B]

J. Swevers

November 2016
1

Laplace transform of common functions and properties


2
3

z-transform of common functions and properties


4

ZOH-equivalent
   
−1 −1 H(s)
H(z) = (1 − z )Z L × δT (t)
s
5

Transformation methods
• Backward Euler approximation:
1 z−1
s⇒
T z
or
1
z⇒
1 − Ts
• Forward Euler approximation:
1
s⇒ (z − 1)
T
or
z ⇒ 1 + Ts

• Tustin approximation:
2 z−1
s⇒
T z+1
or
T
1+ 2s
z⇒ T
1− 2s
6

Fourier series
The Fourier series representation of the periodic signal xp (t) equals:
∞
X
xp (t) = Ck ejω0 kt
k=−∞

with Z T Z
1 −jω0 kt 1
Ck = xp (t)e dt = xp (t)e−jω0 kt dt,
T 0 T T
and for k = 0, Z
1
C0 = xp (t)dt
T T
which is the average of the signal over one period.

Cosine Fourier series or the trigonometric Fourier series


∞
X
xp (t) = C0 + An cos(nω0 t + θn )
n=1

with An = 2|Cn | and θn = ∠Cn , n ≥ 1.

Another form of the trigonometric Fourier series:


∞
X ∞
X
xp (t) = C0 + an cos(nω0 t) + bn sin(nω0 t)
n=1 n=1

with an = An cos θn = 2<[Cn ] and bn = −An sin θn = −2=[Cn ], for n ≥ 1.

Z
2
an = xp (t) cos(nω0 T )dt
T T
Z
2
bn = xp (t) sin(nω0 T )dt
T T

and
an − jbn
Cn =
2

Fourier series of an ideal pulse train


∞ ∞
X 1 X jkω0 t
xp (t) = δT0 (t) = δ(t − mT0 ) = e
m=−∞
T0
k=−∞
7

Fourier series of some common periodic signals


8

Fourier transform
Z ∞
X(ω) = F[x(t)] = x(t)e−jωt dt
−∞
Z ∞
1
x(t) = F −1 [X(ω)] = X(ω)ejωt dω
2π −∞

Fourier transform of basic functions


9

Properties of Fourier transform


10

Discrete Fourier transform (DFT)


N −1
X 2π
X[k] = x[n]e−j N kn
n=0
N −1
1 X 2π
x[n] = X[k]ej N kn
N
k=0

Controllability and observability


Controllability matrix:
B AB A2 B . . . An−1 B
 
.
Observability matrix:  
C

 CA 


 CA2 .

 ... 
CAn−1

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