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I. Purpose of The Experiment: 1. Solubility of Carboxylic Acid in Water

The document summarizes an experiment investigating the properties of carboxylic acids and salicylic acid. It describes procedures where carboxylic acids are tested for solubility in water, reaction with oxidizing agents, and salicylic acid is tested for reactions with ferric ions, bromine water, Millon's reagent, soda-lime, and methyl alcohol to form esters. The results show that smaller carboxylic acids are soluble in water, reactions with oxidizing agents depend on heat, and salicylic acid undergoes characteristic reactions for phenols and forms esters.

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Jeneffry Baguinang
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612 views3 pages

I. Purpose of The Experiment: 1. Solubility of Carboxylic Acid in Water

The document summarizes an experiment investigating the properties of carboxylic acids and salicylic acid. It describes procedures where carboxylic acids are tested for solubility in water, reaction with oxidizing agents, and salicylic acid is tested for reactions with ferric ions, bromine water, Millon's reagent, soda-lime, and methyl alcohol to form esters. The results show that smaller carboxylic acids are soluble in water, reactions with oxidizing agents depend on heat, and salicylic acid undergoes characteristic reactions for phenols and forms esters.

Uploaded by

Jeneffry Baguinang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EXPERIMENT 12

PROPERTIES OF CARBOXYLIC ACID AND SALICYLIC ACID

I. PURPOSE OF THE EXPERIMENT


The purpose of the experiment is to know the different properties of carboxylic
acid and salicylic acid.

II. APPARATUS
The apparatus used are bunsen burner, tripod, mortar, and pestle.

III. MATERIALS
The materials used in the experiment are acetic acid, benzoic acid, stearic acid,
oxalic acid, potassium permanganate, salicylic acid, methyl alcohol, conc. Sulfuric acid,
formic acid, ferric chloride, bromine water, Millon’s reagent, and soda lime.
IV. PROCEDURE
1. SOLUBILITY OF CARBOXYLIC ACID IN WATER
3 test tubes were prepared and each was added with 3ml water. One of
the test tube was added with 3 drops acetic acid (formula). The second tube was
added with 3 drops benzoic acid (formula). The third test tube was added with
3ml stearic acid. The test tubes were then placed in the test tube rack for
obsevation.
2. ACTION OF OXIDIZING ON THE CARBONYL GROUP
4 test tubes were prepared. 5 drops of benzoic acid (formula), acetic acid
(formula), formic acid (formula), and oxalic acid (formula) were added separately
to the test tubes prepared. 1ml of 0.5% potassium permanganate (formula) was
added to each of the solution. The four test tubes were then placed in the water
bath and was observed.
3. PREPARATION OF SALICYLIC ACID SOLUTION
15ml of water was added to a test tube. 0.1g of salicylic acid was added to
the test tube and was shaken for few minutes. The solution was divided by 5ml
into three test tubes.
A. REACTION WITH FERRIC IONS
1-2 drops of ferric chloride were added to one of the test tubes with
salicylic acid solution.
B. REACTION WITH BROMINE WATER
Drops of bromine water (formula) was added to one of the test tube
with salicylic acid solution until a light yellow solution was obtained.
C. REACTION WITH MILLON’S REAGENT
1-2 drops of Millon’s reagent (formula) was added to the last test tube
with salicylic acid solution. The solution was then warmed in the water
bath.

4. REACTION WITH SODA-LIME


0.2g of salicylic acid (formula) and 2g of soda-lime (formula) was grinded
together in the mortar. After the mixture was powderized, it was then
transferred to a dry test tube and was heated in a bunsen burner. The odor of
the vapor was then noted.
5. ESTER FORMATION
0.1g of salicylic acid (formula) was placed in a test tube. 15-20 drops of
methyl alcohol (formula) and 1ml of concentrated sulfuric acid (formula) was
added to the solution. It was then boiled in a water bath for 1-2mins. It was
then poured in a beaker containing 20ml of water. The odor was then noted.
V. RESULTS AND EXPLANATION
Acetic acid (formula) is soluble in water. Benzoic acid (formula) is slightly
soluble in water. Stearic acid (formula) is not soluble in water. The reason for
the difference of solubility in water is because smaller carboxylic acids (1 to 4
carbon) are soluble in water while carboxylic acids from 5 carbons and up
decrease in solubility in water as it goes higher.
Acetic acid gave no reaction to potassium permanganate before and after
the water bath because acetic acid is a weak acid. Benzoic acid gave no
reaction when potassium permanganate was added. After water bath,
potassium permanganate was oxidized and it formed a brown precipitate
(formula). Heat served as a catalyst to benzoic acid and potassium
permanganate (formula). Oxalic acid and formic acid yields manganese when
potassium permanganate was added and the solution turned brown. After
water bath, both solution turned colorless. This reaction is because
manganese atoms are unstable and when exposed to different conditions,
like heat, it disintegrate.
Salicylic acid (formula) reacted with ferric chloride (formula) and the
solution turned into dark violet. Ferric chloride test is a test for the presence of
phenols and salicylic acid is a phenol. Positive result gives a violet coloration
of the solution.
Bromine water (formula) added to salicylic acid (formula) produced a
cloudy white precipitate (2,4,6-tribromophenol). This reaction is called
halogenation of phenol or bromination of phenol.
Salicylic acid (formula) added with Millon’s reagent (formula) turned pink
after adding. After the solution was warmed in the water bath, a reddish-
brown precipitate (formula) was formed. Millon’s test is a test used for
identification of phenol in amino acids. A positive result gives a red precipitate
after heating. Salicylic acid is a phenol that is why it is positive in Millon’s test.
When salicylic acid(formula) and soda-lime(formula) were heated, carbon
dioxide (formula) and phenol was formed. This reaction of salicylic acid is
called decarboxylation, where carboxyl group is removed and carbon dioxide
is released. Heat and calcium oxide(formula) served as the catalyst to this
reaction.
Salicylic acid (formula) and methyl alcohol(formula) produced methyl
salicylate, an ester, and water. Concentrated sulfuric acid (formula) was used
as the catalyst to this reaction. Ester is formed when acid reacts with alcohol.

VI. CONCLUSION

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