More on Triple Integrals in Rectangular

Coordinates

Mathematics 23: Elementary Analysis III

Institute of Mathematics
University of the Philippines-Diliman

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Recall: Triple Integrals Over Solids of Type xy

Credit: H Anton, I Bivens, and S Davis, Calculus Early Transcendentals 10th Ed. p1041, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

If G is a solid of type xy and R its projection onto the xy -plane, then

ZZZ ZZ Z g2 (x,y)
f (x, y, z) dV = f (x, y, z) dz dA .
g1 (x,y)
G R

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Solids of Type xz
Denition
A simple solid G is of type xz if it lies between two surfaces with
equations y = g1 (x, z) and y = g2 (x, z) for all points (x, z) in a region
R the xz -plane; that is,

G = {(x, y, z) | g1 (x, z) ≤ y ≤ g2 (x, z), (x, z) ∈ R} .

Credit: H Anton, I Bivens, and S Davis, Calculus Early Transcendentals 10th Ed. p1044, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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Solids of Type yz
Denition
A simple solid G is of type yz if it lies between the surfaces with
equations x = g1 (y, z) and x = g2 (y, z) for all points (y, z) in a region
R on the yz -plane; that is,

G = {(x, y, z) | g1 (y, z) ≤ x ≤ g2 (y, z), (y, z) ∈ R} .

Credit: H Anton, I Bivens, and S Davis, Calculus Early Transcendentals 10th Ed. p1044, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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To evaluate simple solids of type xz and type yz , we have the
following theorem:
Theorem
1 Let G be a solid of type xz and R is its projection onto the
xz -plane, then
ZZZ ZZ Z g2 (x,z)
f (x, y, z) dV = f (x, y, z) dy dA .
g1 (x,z)
G R

2 Let G be a solid of type yz and R is its projection onto the

yz -plane, then
ZZZ ZZ Z g2 (y,z)
f (x, y, z) dV = f (x, y, z) dx dA .
g1 (y,z)
G R

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Example
ZZZ
Evaluate dV , where G is bounded by the planes x = 0, y = 0,
G
z = 0, 2x + z = 2 and y + 2z = 4.

G can be classied as a solid of type xz .

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ZZZ
dV
G Z 1 Z 2−2x Z 4−2z
= dy dz dx
0 0 0
Z 1 Z 2−2x y=4−2z
= y dz dx

0 0 y=0
Z 1 Z 2−2x
= (4 − 2z) dz dx
0 0
Z 1
4(2 − 2x) − (2 − 2x)2 dx


=
0
Z 1
= (4 − 4x2 ) dx
0
  1
4 8
4x − x3  = .

=
3 0 3

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Another solution to the previous example:

Consider the plane of intersection of 2x + z = 2 and y + 2z = 4:

y + 2(2 − 2x) = 4
y − 4x = 0
y = 4x

Then G = G1 ∪ G2 , where G1 is the solid in front of the plane y = 4x,

while G2 is the solid behind the plane y = 4x.
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Another solution to the previous example:

ZZZ ZZZ ZZZ

dV = dV + dV
G G1 G2
4−y
ZZ Z 2−2x ZZ Z 2
= dz dA + dz dA
0 0
R1 R2
4−y
Z 1 Z 4x Z 2−2x Z 1 Z 4 Z 2
= dz dy dx + dz dy dx
0 0 0 0 4x 0
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 Evaluating the rst and second triple integrals, we have
4−y
Z 1 Z 4x Z 2−2x Z 1 Z 4 Z 2
dz dy dx dz dy dx
0 0 0 0 4x 0

1 4x 1 4
4−y
Z Z Z Z
= (2 − 2x) dy dx = dy dx
0 0 0 4x 2
Z 1 Z 1
(8x − 8x2 ) dx 4 − 8x + 4x2 dx


= =
0 0
  1   1
2 8 3  4
= 4x − x  = 4x − 4x + x3 2 
3 3

 
0 0
4 4
= . = .
3 3
Therefore, ZZZ
4 4 8
dV = + = .
3 3 3
G

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 Example
Rewrite the triple integral
√
Z 4 Z 4−y Z z
f (x, y, z) dx dz dy
0 0 0

such that partial integration is performed in the following order: with

respect to z rst, then to y , and nally to x.

The solid G is considered as type

yz and it satises:
√
0≤x≤ z,
0 ≤ z ≤ 4 − y, and
0 ≤ y ≤ 4.

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The projection of G onto the yz plane is seen below:

 √
G = (x, y, z) : 0 ≤ x ≤ z, 0 ≤ z ≤ 4 − y, 0 ≤ y ≤ 4 .

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If we look at G as type xy , its projection onto the xy plane is seen
below.

Rewriting the triple integral with respect to z rst, then to y , and

nally to x, we have
√
Z 4 Z 4−y Z z Z 2 Z 4−x2 Z 4−y
f (x, y, z) dx dz dy = f (x, y, z) dz dy dx.
0 0 0 0 0 x2

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Volume of a Solid

Recall: If R is a region in the xy plane, then

ZZ
Area of R = dA.
R

Remark: Volume of a Solid

Let G be a solid. Then the volume V of G is given by
ZZZ
V = dV
G

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Volume of a Solid

Example
Find the volume of the solid bounded by the three coordinate planes
and the plane z = 1 − x − y .

The solid G can be viewed as a type xy−solid. Thus the volume of

the solid is given by
ZZZ ZZ Z 1−x−y Z 1 Z 1−x Z 1−x−y
dV = dz dA = dz dy dx.
0 0 0 0
G R
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Volume of a Solid

Z 1 Z 1−x Z 1−x−y Z 1 Z 1−x

dz dy dx = (1 − x − y) dy dx
0 0 0 0 0
1  y=1−x
y 2 
Z 
= y − xy − dx
0 2 y=0
Z 1
(1 − x)2

= (1 − x) − x(1 − x) − dx
0 2
1 1
Z
= (1 − 2x + x2 ) dx
2 0
 1
x3 

1 2
= x−x +
2 3  0
1
= .
6

1
The volume of the solid is .
6
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Example
Set up an iterated triple integral that gives the volume of the solid
bounded by the paraboloid z = 4x2 + y 2 and the cylinder z = 4 − 3y 2 .

The solid G can be viewed as a type xy−solid:

limits of integration for z : 4x2 + y 2 → 4 − 3y 2

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The projection R of G onto the xy−plane is determined by the curve
of intersection of the 2 surfaces:
4x2 + y 2 = 4 − 3y 2
x2 + y 2 = 1
The volume of G is given by
√
ZZZ Z 1 Z 1−x2 Z 4−3y 2
dV = √ dz dy dx.
−1 − 1−x2 4x2 +y 2
G

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Exercise

1 Use triple integrals to nd the volume of the tetrahedron

enclosed by the coordinate planes and the plane 3x − y − 2z = 12.
2 Evaluate
ZZZ
the following triple integrals:
a. z dV , where G is bounded by the cylinder y 2 + z 2 = 9 and
G
the Zplanes x = 0, y = 3x, and z = 0 in the rst octant
Z 1 z Z y+z
b. 6yz dx dy dz
Z0 1 Z0 x Z0 x
2
c. xe−z dz dy dx
0 0 y

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