KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA | JAZAN UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Assignment1

BIG DATA
Sudent Name : Rawan Alhazmi

Student ID :201801550
What is Data?

The quantities, characters, or symbols on which operations are performed by a computer, which
may be stored and transmitted in the form of electrical signals and recorded on magnetic, optical,
or mechanical recording media.

What is Big Data?

Big Data is also data but with a huge size. Big Data is a term used to describe a collection of
data that is huge in size and yet growing exponentially with time. In short such data is so large
and complex that none of the traditional data management tools are able to store it or process it
efficiently.

Examples Of Big Data

Following are some the examples of Big Data-

The New York Stock Exchange generates about one terabyte of new trade data per day.

Social Media

The statistic shows that 500+terabytes of new data get ingested into the databases of social
media site Facebook, every day. This data is mainly generated in terms of photo and video
uploads, message exchanges, putting comments etc.
A single Jet engine can generate 10+terabytes of data in 30 minutes of flight time. With many
thousand flights per day, generation of data reaches up to many Petabytes.

Types Of Big Data

BigData' could be found in three forms:

1. Structured
2. Unstructured
3. Semi-structured

Structured

Any data that can be stored, accessed and processed in the form of fixed format is termed as a
'structured' data. Over the period of time, talent in computer science has achieved greater success
in developing techniques for working with such kind of data (where the format is well known in
advance) and also deriving value out of it. However, nowadays, we are foreseeing issues when a
size of such data grows to a huge extent, typical sizes are being in the rage of multiple zettabytes.

Do you know? 1021 bytes equal to 1 zettabyte or one billion terabytes forms a zettabyte.

Looking at these figures one can easily understand why the name Big Data is given and imagine
the challenges involved in its storage and processing.

Do you know? Data stored in a relational database management system is one example of

a 'structured' data.
Examples Of Structured Data

An 'Employee' table in a database is an example of Structured Data

Employee_I Employee_Nam Gender  Department  Salary_In_la

D  e  cs
2365  Rajesh Kulkarni  Male  Finance 650000
3398  Pratibha Joshi  Female  Admin  650000
7465  Shushil Roy  Male  Admin  500000
7500  Shubhojit Das  Male  Finance  500000
7699  Priya Sane  Female  Finance  550000
Unstructured

Any data with unknown form or the structure is classified as unstructured data. In addition to the
size being huge, un-structured data poses multiple challenges in terms of its processing for
deriving value out of it. A typical example of unstructured data is a heterogeneous data source
containing a combination of simple text files, images, videos etc. Now day organizations have
wealth of data available with them but unfortunately, they don't know how to derive value out of
it since this data is in its raw form or unstructured format.

Examples Of Un-structured Data

The output returned by 'Google Search'

Semi-structured
Semi-structured data can contain both the forms of data. We can see semi-structured data as a
structured in form but it is actually not defined with e.g. a table definition in relational DBMS.
Example of semi-structured data is a data represented in an XML file.

Examples Of Semi-structured Data

Personal data stored in an XML file-

<rec><name>Prashant Rao</name><sex>Male</sex><age>35</age></rec>
<rec><name>Seema R.</name><sex>Female</sex><age>41</age></rec>
<rec><name>Satish Mane</name><sex>Male</sex><age>29</age></rec>
<rec><name>Subrato Roy</name><sex>Male</sex><age>26</age></rec>
<rec><name>Jeremiah J.</name><sex>Male</sex><age>35</age></rec>

Data Growth over the years

 Please note that web application data, which is unstructured, consists of log files, transaction
history files etc. OLTP systems are built to work with structured data wherein data is stored in
relations (tables).

Characteristics Of Big Data

(i) Volume – The name Big Data itself is related to a size which is enormous. Size of data plays
a very crucial role in determining value out of data. Also, whether a particular data can actually
be considered as a Big Data or not, is dependent upon the volume of data. Hence, 'Volume' is
one characteristic which needs to be considered while dealing with Big Data.

(ii) Variety – The next aspect of Big Data is its variety.

Variety refers to heterogeneous sources and the nature of data, both structured and unstructured.
During earlier days, spreadsheets and databases were the only sources of data considered by
most of the applications. Nowadays, data in the form of emails, photos, videos, monitoring
devices, PDFs, audio, etc. are also being considered in the analysis applications. This variety of
unstructured data poses certain issues for storage, mining and analyzing data.
(iii) Velocity – The term 'velocity' refers to the speed of generation of data. How fast the data is
generated and processed to meet the demands, determines real potential in the data.

Big Data Velocity deals with the speed at which data flows in from sources like business
processes, application logs, networks, and social media sites, sensors, Mobile devices, etc. The
flow of data is massive and continuous.

(iv) Variability – This refers to the inconsistency which can be shown by the data at times, thus
hampering the process of being able to handle and manage the data effectively.

Benefits of Big Data Processing

Ability to process Big Data brings in multiple benefits, such as-

o Businesses can utilize outside intelligence while taking decisions

Access to social data from search engines and sites like facebook, twitter are enabling
organizations to fine tune their business strategies.

o Improved customer service

Traditional customer feedback systems are getting replaced by new systems designed with Big
Data technologies. In these new systems, Big Data and natural language processing technologies
are being used to read and evaluate consumer responses.

o Early identification of risk to the product/services, if any

o Better operational efficiency

Big Data technologies can be used for creating a staging area or landing zone for new data before
identifying what data should be moved to the data warehouse. In addition, such integration of
Big Data technologies and data warehouse helps an organization to offload infrequently accessed
data.

Summary

 Big Data is defined as data that is huge in size. Big data is a term used to describe a
collection of data that is huge in size and yet growing exponentially with time.
 Examples of Big Data generation includes stock exchanges, social media sites, jet
engines, etc.
 Big Data could be 1) Structured, 2) Unstructured, 3) Semi-structured
 Volume, Variety, Velocity, and Variability are few Characteristics of Bigdata
 Improved customer service, better operational efficiency, Better Decision Making are few
advantages of Big data