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File Models and File Accessing Models: Prepared By: Mehta Ishani 1300407010030

The document discusses different file models and methods for accessing files remotely. It describes unstructured and structured file models, as well as mutable and immutable files. For remote file access, it outlines the remote service and data caching models. Finally, it discusses different units of data transfer for remote files including file-level, block-level, byte-level, and record-level transfer models.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
131 views18 pages

File Models and File Accessing Models: Prepared By: Mehta Ishani 1300407010030

The document discusses different file models and methods for accessing files remotely. It describes unstructured and structured file models, as well as mutable and immutable files. For remote file access, it outlines the remote service and data caching models. Finally, it discusses different units of data transfer for remote files including file-level, block-level, byte-level, and record-level transfer models.

Uploaded by

mukisa cliff
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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File models and file accessing

models

Prepared By:
Mehta Ishani
1300407010030
Contents
File models
Unstructured and structured files
Mutable and immutable files
File accessing models
Accessing remote files
Unit of data transfer

2
Unstructured files
Simplest model
File – unstructured sequence of data
No substructure
Contents – un interpreted sequence of bytes
Unix, MS-Dos
Modern OS used this model because sharing of files is easier
in compared with structured file model
Since file has no structure then different applications can
interpret the contents of files in many different ways.

3
Structured files
Rarely used
File – ordered sequence of records
Files – different types, different size and different properties
Record – smallest unit of data that can be accessed
Two categories
Files with non indexed records
Files with indexed records

4
Structured files
Files with non indexed records
File records is accessed by specifying it’s position within file
For ex. Fifth record from beginning, second record from end

Files with indexed records


Records have one or more key fields that can be addressed by
specifying values
File is maintained as B-tree or other suitable data structure or
hash table to locate records quickly

5
File attributes
Information describing that files
Has name and value
Contains information such has owner, size, access
permission, date of creation, date of last modification and
date of last access
User can read the value of any attribute but can’t change
modify it
Maintained and used by directory service because they are
subject to different access control

6
Mutable files
Used by most existing os
Update performed on files overwrites on old contents to
produce new contents
File is represented as a single stored sequence and that is
altered by each update operation

7
Immutable files
Cedar files system
File can not be modified once it has been created except to
be deleted
 file versioning approach is used, a new version of file is
created when change is made rather than updating same file
In practice storage space may be reduced by keeping only
differences rather than created whole file again
Sharing is much easier because it supports caching and
replication which eliminates the problem of keeping multiple
consistent copies

8
Immutable files
Suffering from two issues
Increased use of disk space
Increased disk allocation activity

CFS uses keep parameter as the no. of most current version


of file to be retained.

9
Accessing remote files
One of the following model is used when request to access
remote file
Remote service model
Data catching model

10
Remote service model
Processing of client request is performed at server’s node
Client request is delivered to server and server machine
performs on it and returns replies to client
Request and replies transferred across network as message
File server interface and communication protocol must be
designed carefully so as to minimize the overhead of
generating the messages
Every remote file access results in traffic

11
Data catching model
Reduced the amount of network traffic by taking advantage
of locality feature
If requested data is not present locally then copied it from
server’s node to client node and catching there
LRU is used to keep the cache size bounded
Cache Consistency problem

12
Unit of data transfer
Refers to fraction of file data that is transferred to and from
client as a result of single read write operation
Four data transfer models
File level transfer model
Block level transfer model
Byte level transfer model
Record level transfer model

13
File level transfer model
When the operation required file data, the whole file is
moved
Advantages are
Efficient because network protocol overhead is required only
once
Better scalability because it requires fewer access to file server
and reduce server load and network traffic
Disk access routines on server can be better optimized
Offers degree of resiliency to server and network failure
Drawbacks is it requires sufficient storage space
Ex are amoeba, CFS, Andrew file system

14
Block level transfer model
file data transfer take place in units of data blocks
A file block is contiguous portion of file and fixed in length
Advantage is does not required large storage space
Drawback is more network traffic and more network
protocol overhead
Poor performance
Ex are Sun microsystem’s NFS, Apollo domain file system

15
Byte level transfer model
File data transfer take place in units of bytes
Provides maximum flexibility
Difficulty in cache management

16
Record level transfer model
Suitable with structured files
File data transfer take place in unit of records
Ex. RSS(research storage system)

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