These tables provide a comparison of operating systems, of computer devices, as listing general and technical information for a number

of widely used and currently available PC or handheld (including smartphone

and tablet computer) operating systems. The article "Usage share of operating systems" provides a broader, and more general, comparison of operating systems that includes servers, mainframes and supercomputers.

Because of the large number and variety of available Linux distributions, they are all grouped under a single entry; see comparison of Linux distributions for a detailed comparison. There is also a variety of BSD and
DOS operating systems, covered in comparison of BSD operating systems and comparison of DOS operating systems. For information on views of each operating system, see operating system advocacy.

General information
Current stable
Name Creator Initial public release Predecessor Release date Cost, availability Preferred license[g 1] Target system type
version
UNIX System V 2015, October Server, NAS,
AIX IBM 1986 7.2 Bundled with hardware Proprietary
Release 3 5 workstation
2020, Smartphone, tablet
Android Android, Inc., Google 2008 None 11 Free Apache 2.0, GNU GPLv2
September 8 computer, education
TRIPOS (as the disk Discontinued; Bundled with hardware up to
Proprietary, open source
AmigaOS Commodore International, Haage & Partner, Hyperion operating 2002, March version 3.0 (Amiga International hardware Workstation, personal
1985 3.9 BB2 clone available under AROS
classic Entertainment component of 20 came with 3.1); versions 2.1, 3.0, 3.1, 3.5, computer
Public License
AmigaOS) 3.9 also available as separate packages
4.0 bundled with hardware; 4.0 for classic
Workstation, personal
AmigaOS 4 Hyperion Entertainment 2004 AmigaOS classic 4.1 Final Edition 2014 and 4.1 available as standalone package at Proprietary
computer
€29
Personal edition US$129.00 Server, workstation,
ArcaOS Arca Noae, LLC 2017 OS/2 5.0.6 2020 Proprietary
Commercial edition US$229.00 personal computer
Chromebook,
Bundled with hardware, 32-bit edition Proprietary: Google OS
Chrome OS Google 2009 Chromium OS 75.0.3770.102 2019, March 5 Chromebox,
dropped Terms of Service
Chromebase and tablets
Server, workstation,
DragonFly BSD Matthew Dillon 2003 FreeBSD 5.6.1 2019, June 19 Free BSD
NAS, embedded
2018, Server, workstation,
FreeBSD The FreeBSD Project 1993 386BSD 12.0 Free BSD
December 11 NAS, embedded
Desktop, Embedded,
Genode Genode Labs 2008 None 19.05[1] 2019, May 29 Free, source code only AGPL
Server
2019, October
GhostBSD Eric Turgeon 2009 FreeBSD 19.10[2] Free BSD Desktop, workstation
26
Home-student edition (max. three per site)
Server, workstation,
eComStation Serenity Systems, Mensys BV 2001 OS/2 2.1 2011 US$145.00 (equivalent to $164.8 in 2019) Proprietary
personal computer
business edition $290.00
EPOC32 Psion PLC 1996 ER5 1999 Discontinued; Commercial Proprietary PDA
Notable contributors include: Richard Stallman for GNU 1991 (kernel), See:
2020,
Project and Linus Torvalds for Linux and the Unixes they Comparison of Linux See: Comparison of
GNU/Linux None 5.8.9 (kernel) September 12 Free GNU GPLv2 (kernel)
emulated; Red Hat, Debian Project See: Comparison of distributions and Linux distributions
(kernel)
Linux distributions and Linux Kernel#Development History of Linux
Haiku Haiku Inc. 2009 BeOS R5 R1/Beta 2 2020, June 9 Free MIT Personal computer
HP-UX HP (now Hewlett Packard Enterprise) 1983 UNIX System V 11i v3 Update 16 2017, May US$400 Proprietary Server
IBM i IBM 1988 OS/400 7.3 2016, April 15 Bundled with hardware Proprietary Server
MIT, GNU GPL, GNU
Inferno Bell Labs 1997 Plan 9 Fourth Edition 2009, June 30 Free NAS, server, embedded
LGPL, LPL
Proprietary higher level API
Bundled with hardware and free updates
2020, layers; open source core Smartphone, music
iOS Apple Inc. 2007 macOS 13.7 given to most existing users, subject to
September 1 system (ARM versions): player, tablet computer
hardware requirements
APSL, GNU GPL, others
IRIX SGI 1988 UNIX System V 6.5.30 2006 Discontinued; Bundled with hardware Proprietary Server, workstation
 Current stable
Name Creator Initial public release Predecessor Release date Cost, availability Preferred license[g 1] Target system type
version
Discontinued; Was bundled with 68k and
PowerPC Macs; Workstation, personal
Classic Mac OS Apple Inc. 1984 None[g 2][g 3] 9.2.2 2000 Proprietary
computer
versions 7-9 sold as retail upgrades[g 4]
MVS/ESA SP -
1995,
MVS IBM 1972 OS/360 JES3 Version 5 Bundled with hardware Proprietary IBM mainframe
September 29
R2.2
Proprietary higher level API
Bundled with hardware; No-cost update via
layers; open source core
2019, October Mac App Store for users of Mac OS X 10.6 Workstation, personal
macOS Apple Inc. 2001 NeXTSTEP, BSD 10.15.1 Catalina system (Intel-PowerPC
29 or later, assuming hardware requirements are computer, embedded
versions): APSL, GNU GPL,
met
others
Previously bundled with hardware; No Proprietary higher level API
longer a separate operating system, but a layers; open source core
10.12 / September 2016,
macOS Server Apple Inc. 2001 NeXTSTEP, BSD group of services installed atop any current system (Intel-PowerPC Server
20, 2016 September 20
version of Mac OS X; US$19.99 on the Mac versions): APSL, GNU GPL,
App Store others
Discontinued; Was bundled with HP-3000
MPE HP 1974 None MPE-V 1988 Proprietary Server
CISC hardware "Classic"
MCP Unisys 1961 None CP OS 17.0 2015, April Bundled with hardware Proprietary Server
Discontinued; Was bundled with HP-3000
MPE/XL HP 1987 MPE 7.5 2002 Proprietary Server
PA-RISC hardware
MINIX 3 Andrew S. Tanenbaum 2005 Minix2 3.3.0 2014 Free BSD Workstation
NAS, server,
NetBSD The NetBSD Project 1993 386BSD 8.1 2019, May 31 Free BSD
workstation, embedded
Superseded by Novell Open Enterprise
NetWare Novell 1985 S-Net 6.5 SP8 2009, May 6 Server; Was US$184 (equivalent to $219.28 Proprietary Server
in 2019) (one-user)
Discontinued; Was bundled with hardware,
NeXTSTEP NeXT 1989 Unix 3.3 1995 Proprietary Workstation
then sold separately
Server, NAS,
OpenBSD The OpenBSD Project 1995 NetBSD 1.0 6.5 2019, May 1 Free ISC
workstation, embedded
Many, based on software developed by Sun
OpenIndiana 2010 OpenSolaris 2019.04 2017, May 3[3] Free CDDL Server, workstation
Microsystems and many others
OpenVMS DEC (now VSI) 1977 RSX-11M 9.0 2020, May 15 Commercial, free non-commercial use Proprietary Server, workstation
Operating
OS/360 IBM 1966 None 1972, August Bundled with hardware Proprietary IBM mainframe
System/360 R21.8
OS/390 Version 2 2000,
OS/390 IBM 1995 MVS Bundled with hardware Proprietary IBM mainframe
R10 September 29
CP OS 16 (Exec 2015, February
OS 2200 Unisys 1967 as Exec 8e Exec 8, OS 1100 Bundled with hardware Proprietary Server
49.2) 27
Discontinued (see ArcaOS successor); Was Personal computer,
OS/2 IBM and Microsoft 1987 MS-DOS 4.52 2001 Proprietary
US$300 (equivalent to $433.17 in 2019) server
2003 (except
Workstation, server,
Plan 9 Bell Labs 1993 Unix Fourth Edition for minor later Free LPL
embedded, HPC
updates)
Bundled with BlackBerry 10 and PlayBook Automotive, medical,
devices. Commercial; an academic version smartphones, consumer,
QNX QNX Software Systems 1982 Unix, POSIX 7.0.0 2017, March Proprietary
exists that needs authorization code before industrial, embedded,
installing safety
Commercial; (but free/no-cost perpetual
2018, August license when used "for the purpose of
Solaris Sun (now Oracle Corporation) 1992 SunOS 11.4 CDDL Server, workstation
28 developing, testing, prototyping and
demonstrating your applications"[4])
Symbian Symbian Ltd. 1998 EPOC32 9.5 2009 Discontinued; Commercial Proprietary Phones
 Current stable
Name Creator Initial public release Predecessor Release date Cost, availability Preferred license[g 1] Target system type
version
Symbian 2010 (initially 1998 as
Symbian Foundation Symbian 3.0.4 2010 Free EPL embedded
platform Symbian)
Windows Windows Server
OS/2, Windows 3.x 2018, October US$1050 5 CALs server; other editions
Server (NT Microsoft 1993 2019 (Version Proprietary; Source-available Server, NAS, embedded
and MS-DOS 2 dependent on number of CALs purchased
family) 10.0.17763)
Workstation, personal
Windows (NT OS/2, Windows 9x Windows 10 Windows 10 Home US$119, Windows 10
Microsoft 1993 2020, May 27 Proprietary; Source-available computer, media center,
family) and MS-DOS (Version 2004) Pro US$199[5]
Tablet PC, embedded
Windows
MS-DOS, Windows Windows Me (Win Personal computer,
(classic 9x Microsoft 1995 2000 Discontinued Proprietary
NT 3.5 4.90.3000) media center
family)
RISC iX Acorn Computers 1988 BSD 4.3 1.21c 1993 Discontinued; Was bundled with hardware Proprietary Workstation
Arthur, also the Education, personal
RISC OS Acorn Computers 1987 3.71 1997 Discontinued; Was bundled with hardware Proprietary
BBC Master OS computer
Bundled with hardware, then sold separately Education, personal
RISC OS 4 RISCOS Ltd, Pace plc 1999 RISC OS 4.39 2004 Proprietary
at £70 (US$127) computer
Education, personal
RISC OS 5 Castle Technology, RISC OS Open 2002 RISC OS 4 5.24[6] 2018 Free Apache License
computer
Bundled with hardware, then sold separately Education, personal
RISC OS 6 RISCOS Ltd 2006 RISC OS 4 6.20 2009 Proprietary
at £70 (US$127) computer
Personal computer,
ZETA yellowTAB 2005 BeOS R5 1.5 2007 Discontinued Proprietary media center,
workstation
US$60,000 (equivalent to $71,249 in
STOP 6, XTS-
BAE Systems 2003 STOP 5, XTS-300 6.5 2008, August 2019)+; bundled with XTS hardware and Proprietary Server, workstation
400
OEM licensed
Workstation, personal
ReactOS ReactOS development team 1996 Windows NT 0.4.13 2020, April 9 Free GNU GPL, GNU LGPL
computer
2014, Personal computer,
TrueOS PC-BSD Software 2006 FreeBSD[g 5] 10.1[7] Free BSD
November 16 workstation, server
Embedded Real-time
VxWorks Wind River Systems 1987 VRTX 7 2014 March Paid Proprietary
systems
2017,
z/OS IBM 2000 OS/390 Version 2.3 (V2R3) Monthly license fee, about US$130 and up Proprietary IBM mainframe
September 29
2017,
z/VSE IBM 2007 VSE/ESA 6.2 Monthly license fee Proprietary IBM mainframe
December 1
2018,
z/VM IBM 2000 VM 7.1 September 21 Monthly license fee Proprietary IBM mainframe
[8]

HP NonStop HP (now Hewlett Packard Enterprise) 1974 Guardian H06.24/J06.13 2012 Non-free Proprietary HP Nonstop Servers
Current stable
Name Creator Initial public release Predecessor Release date Cost, availability Preferred license[g 1] Target system type
version

1.

 Most OS distributions include bundled software with various other licenses.

  "Hungarian". The Original Macintosh Anecdotes.. Although Lisa OS ran on the same, but a slower variant, microprocessor and was developed by Apple Inc. at the same time as Classic Mac OS, they were
developed as different projects, only sharing a similar GUI between them.
  Mac OS 7.6 was the first Macintosh system software to be labeled Mac OS. Operating systems before this were named Macintosh System Software through System Software 7.5, and known as System #.# for
short.
  "Official Apple Support". apple.com.

1.  PC-BSD uses FreeBSD as a base system with custom configuration and several desktop-oriented tools to make an easy to use FreeBSD system for desktops and workstations.
Technical information
GUI Non-native APIs
Computer architectures
Name File systems supported Kernel type Source lines of code default Package management Update management Native APIs[t 2] supported through
supported
is on[t 1] subsystems
Service Update
POWER, PowerPC-AS, JFS, JFS2, ISO 9660, UDF, NFS, SMBFS,
AIX Monolithic with modules No installp, RPM Management SysV/POSIX
PowerPC, Power ISA GPFS
Assistant (SUMA)
Proprietary (OFS, FFS, SFS, PFS), FAT, BSD subset (available
AmigaOS Installer[t 3] (almost not
68k, PowerPC ISO 9660, UDF, many others via 3rd party Microkernel Yes Proprietary through 3rd party
Classic needed)[t 4]
drivers, such as SMBFS, etc. ixemul.library)
Proprietary (OFS, FFS, SFS, PFS), JXFS, BSD subset (available
Installer[t 3] (almost not AmiUpdate (almost
AmigaOS 4 PowerPC FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, many others via 3rd Microkernel Yes Proprietary through 3rd party
needed)[t 4] not needed)[t 5]
party drivers, such as SMBFS, etc. ixemul.library)
JFS (default), HPFS, ISO 9660, UDF, ANPM (based on YUM POSIX, Win16, DOS,
ArcaOS IA-32 Hybrid Yes Update Facility OS/2
FAT32, NTFS and RPM) Win32, Java
eCryptfs, NTFS, FAT, FAT16, FAT32,
exFAT, ext2, ext3, ext4, HFS+, MTP (read
Chrome OS ARM, IA-32, x86-64 Monolithic with modules ≈17 million[9] Yes Portage Linux/POSIX
and write), ISO9660 (read-only), UDF
(read-only)
DragonFly UFS1, MFS, ext2, FAT (16/32), Mono, Java, Win16,[t 6]
x86-64 Hybrid No dports, pkg git, cvsup, rsync, pkg BSD/POSIX
BSD HAMMER, ISO 9660 Win32,[t 6] Linux
HPFS (default), FAT, JFS, UDF, FAT32, WarpIN, Feature Install, Proprietary, DOS
eComStation IA-32 Hybrid Yes Maintenance Tool POSIX, Java, others
NTFS (read only) others API, Win16
by source, network
IA-32, x86-64, ARM, UFS2, ZFS, ext2, ext3, FAT, ISO 9660, Mono, Java, Win16,[t 6]
FreeBSD Monolithic with modules 6.25 million[10] No Ports collection, packages binary update BSD/POSIX
MIPS, PowerPC, others UDF, NFS, others Win32,[t 6] Linux
(freebsdupdate)
ARM, RISC-V, IA-32, POSIX, Qt, SDL,
Genode ext2, ext3, FAT32, ISO9660 Microkernel or Monolithic kernel ≈300,000[citation needed] No Custom None Genode
x86-64 MirageOS[11]
UFS2, ext2, ext3, FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, by source, network
Mono, Java, Win16,[t 6]
GhostBSD IA-32, x86-64 NFS, ReiserFS (read only), XFS Monolithic with modules Yes Ports collection, packages binary update BSD/POSIX
Win32,[t 6] Linux
(experimental), ZFS, others (freebsdupdate)
≈15 million (kernel)[12]
IA-32, x86-64, ARM, ext2, ext3, ext4, btrfs, ReiserFS, FAT, ISO Depends on the Mono, Java, Win16,[t 6]
Linux Monolithic with modules lines of code for userland Yes Linux/POSIX
PowerPC, SPARC, others 9660, UDF, NFS, and others distribution Win32[t 6]
libraries and applications vary
depending on the distribution
Ports collection
Haiku IA-32, PowerPC, x86-64 BFS (default), FAT, ISO 9660, ext3, NTFS Hybrid ≈5.2 million[citation needed] Yes pkgman, HaikuDepot POSIX, BeOS API Java, Qt
(haikuport)
swa (HP-UX
HP-UX PA-RISC, IA-64 VxFS, HFS, CDFS, EVFS, NFS, CIFS Monolithic with modules No SD, swinstall SysV/POSIX
Software Assistant)
IA-32, PowerPC,
Monolithic with modules, user
Inferno SPARC, Alpha, MIPS, Styx/9P2000, kfs, FAT, ISO 9660 Yes ? ? Proprietary
space file systems
others
ARMv8-A (iOS 7–
present), ARMv7-A
HFS+ (prior to version 10.3), APFS (since Cocoa, BSD-
iOS (iPhone OS 3–iOS 10), Hybrid ≈80 million[citation needed] Yes ? Software Update ?
version 10.3) POSIX
ARMv6 (iPhone OS 1–
iOS 4.2.1)
HFS+, HFS, MFS (Mac OS 8.0 and
Classic Mac Software Update Toolbox, Carbon
68k, PowerPC before), AFP, ISO 9660, FAT(System 7 Monolithic with modules Yes None
OS (only in Mac OS 9) (from version 8.1)
and later), UDF
macOS x86-64 (10.4.7–present), HFS+ (default on hard drives, and on flash Hybrid with modules ≈86 million[13] Yes macOS Installer Software Update Carbon, Cocoa, Toolbox (only in versions
IA-32 (10.4.4–10.6.8), drives up to Sierra), APFS (default on flash Java, BSD-POSIX up to Mac OS X 10.4, not
PowerPC (10.0–10.5.8) drives in High Sierra), HFS, UFS, AFP, supported on x86
(see also iOS for ARM) ISO 9660, FAT, UDF, NFS, SMBFS, architecture), Win16,[t 6]
 GUI Non-native APIs
Computer architectures
Name File systems supported Kernel type Source lines of code default Package management Update management Native APIs[t 2] supported through
supported
is on[t 1] subsystems
NTFS (read only), FTP, WebDAV, ZFS
Win32[t 6]
(experimental)
≈12,000 (C) + ≈1,400
MINIX 3 IA-32 Microkernel No POSIX
(Assembly)[14]
IA-32, x86-64, ARM,
UFS, UFS2, ext2, FAT, ISO 9660, NFS, by source or binary
NetBSD MIPS, PowerPC, Monolithic with modules No[t 7] pkgsrc BSD-POSIX Linux, others
LFS, and others (using sysinst)
sparc64, others
NWCONFIG.NLM, binary updates,
NSS, NWFS, FAT, NFS, AFP, UDF,
NetWare 16-bit x86, IA-32 Hybrid Yes RPM, X11-based GUI ZENWorks for Proprietary
CIFS, ISO 9660
installer Servers, Red Carpet
by source or binary
IA-32, x86-64, SPARC, ffs, ext2, FAT, ISO 9660, NFS, some
OpenBSD Monolithic No[t 7] Ports collection, packages (packages via BSD-POSIX
68k, Alpha, VAX, others others
pkg_add)
OpenVMS VAX, Alpha, IA-64 Files-11 (ODS), ISO 9660, NFS, CIFS Monolithic with modules No PCSI, VMSINSTAL ? Proprietary POSIX
16-bit x86 (1.x only), IA- Proprietary, DOS
OS/2 HPFS, JFS, FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, NFS Monolithic with modules Yes Feature Install and others ? Win32
32 API, Win16
≈2.5 Million /sys/src
(complete source of all
IA-32, Alpha, MIPS, fossil/venti, 9P2000, kfs, ext2, FAT, ISO Proprietary (Unix-
Plan 9 Hybrid, user space file systems supported architectures, Yes None replica POSIX compatibility layer
PowerPC, SPARC, others 9660 like)
kernels, commands and
libraries)
QNX4FS, QNX6, ext2, FAT, ISO 9660,
x86, SH-4, PowerPC,
QNX Joliet, NFS, CIFS, ETFS, UDF, HFS, Microkernel POSIX, Java
ARM, MIPS
HFS+, NTFS, others
ReactOS Applications
ReactOS IA-32, PowerPC, ARM FAT, BTRFS, and NTFS (read only) Hybrid nearly 8 million[15] Yes Manager, MSI, custom None Win32, NT API DOS API
installers
Huge number of
Monolithic with modules. Applications self-
ARM (both 26 and 32-bit Acorn ADFS, Econet ANFS, FAT, ISO SWI calls;
RISC OS Cooperative multitasking with Yes contained; hardware !IyoUpWtch
addressing modes) 9660, many others as loadable filesystems extensive C
limited memory protection.[16] drivers often in ROM
libraries
SysV packages (pkgadd)
Image Packaging
UFS, ZFS, ext2, FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, Image Packaging System SysV/POSIX, Win16,[t 6] Win32,[t 6] Mono,
Solaris IA-32, x86-64, SPARC Monolithic with modules Yes System (Solaris 11
NFS, QFS, some others (pkg) (Solaris 11 and GTK, Java Linux[t 8]
and later)
later)
Image Packaging System
IA-32, x86-64, UFS, ZFS, ext2, FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, Image Packaging SysV/POSIX, Win16,[t 6] Win32,[t 6] Mono,
OpenSolaris Monolithic with modules ≈18.8 million[17] Yes (pkg), SysV packages
SPARC(AI) NFS, QFS, some others System GTK, Java Linux[t 8]
(pkgadd)
Binary updates via Some: SysV,
STOP 6, XTS- RPM for some untrusted
x86 Proprietary Monolithic No postal mail and POSIX, Linux,
400 applications
proprietary tools proprietary
Symbian ARM FAT Microkernel Yes SIS files FOTA Proprietary POSIX compatibility layer
by PBI updates,
UFS2, ext2, ext3, FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, Ports collection,
source, network
TrueOS IA-32, x86-64[t 9] NFS, ReiserFS (read only), XFS Monolithic with modules Yes packages, PBI Graphical BSD-POSIX Win16,[t 6] Win32[t 6]
binary update
(experimental) and others Installers
(freebsdupdate)
Windows NTFS, FAT, ISO 9660, UDF; 3rd-party DOS API, Win16 (only in
Server (NT IA-32, x86-64, IA-64 drivers support ext2, ext3, ReiserFS,[t 10] Hybrid with modules ≈45 million[18] Yes MSI, custom installers Windows Update Win32, NT API 32-bit versions), POSIX,
family) and HFS .NET
NTFS, FAT exFAT ISO 9660, UDF; 3rd-
IA-32, x86-64, ARM, IA- DOS API, Win16 (only in
Windows (NT party drivers support ext2, ext3, ReiserFS,[t ≈40 (XP)/64 (Vista and later)
64, Alpha, MIPS, 10] Hybrid with modules Yes MSI, custom installers Windows Update Win32, NT API 32-bit versions), POSIX,
family) HFS+, FATX, and HFS (with third party million[citation needed]
PowerPC .NET
driver)
ZETA IA-32 BFS (default), FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, HFS, Hybrid Yes SoftwareValet, script- None POSIX, BeOS API
 GUI Non-native APIs
Computer architectures
Name File systems supported Kernel type Source lines of code default Package management Update management Native APIs[t 2] supported through
supported
is on[t 1] subsystems
AFP, ext2, CIFS, NTFS (read only),
based installers
ReiserFS (read only, up to v3.6)
Protected, multithreading,
multitasking nucleus with Filesystem access
VSAM, BDAM, QSAM, BPAM, HFS,
z/OS z/Architecture programmable/user replaceable No None, SMP/E SMP/E methods, Systems POSIX, many others.
zFS, etc.
extensions. Not kernel-based. Services, etc.
[clarification needed]

GUI Non-native APIs

Computer architectures
Name File systems supported Kernel type Source lines of code default Package management Update management Native APIs[t 2] supported through
supported
is on[t 1] subsystems

1.

 Operating systems where the GUI is not installed and turned on by default are often bundled with an implementation of the X Window System, installation of which is usually optional.
  Most operating systems use proprietary APIs in addition to any supported standards.
  Amiga OS features since OS 2.0 version a standard centralized Install utility called Installer, which could be used by any software house to install programs. It works as a Lisp language interpreter, and install
procedures could be listed as simple text. AmigaOS can also benefit of a 3rd party copyrighted library called XAD that is available for all POSIX (Unix, Linux, BSD, and for AmigaOS, MorphOS, etc.). This library is
freely distributable and publicly available on Aminet Amiga centralized repository of all Open Source or Free programs and utilities. XAD.Library, complete with GUI Voodoo-X, is based on modules and capable to
manage over 300 compression methods and package systems (Voodoo-X GUI supports 80 package systems), including those widely accepted as standards such as .ZIP, .CAB, .LHA, .LZX, .RPM, etc.
  A standard AmigaOS installation requires usually only few files (typically 3 to 10 files) to be copied in their appropriate directory, and libraries and language files for national localization to be put in their
standard OS directories. Any Amiga user with some minimal experience knows where these files should be copied and could perform programs installations by hand.
  AmiUpdate is capable to update AmigaOS files and also all Amiga programs which are registered to use the same update program that is standard for Amiga. Updating AmigaOS requires only few libraries to
be put in standard OS location (for example all libraries are stored in "Libs:" standard virtual device and absolute path finder for "Libs" directory, Fonts are all in "Fonts:" absolute locator, the files for language
localization are all stored in "Locale:" and so on). This leaves Amiga users with a minimal knowledge of the system almost free to perform by hand the update of the system files.
  using Wine
  NetBSD and OpenBSD include the X Window System as base install sets, managed in their respective main source repository, including local modifications. Packages are also provided for more up-to-date
versions which may be less tested.
  "BrandZ (Community Group brandz.WebHome) - XWiki". Opensolaris.org. 2009-10-26. Archived from the original on 2009-09-29. Retrieved 2011-12-18.
  only i686 CPU

1.  Windows can read and write with Ext2 and Ext3 file systems only when a driver from FS-driver or Ext2Fsd is installed. However, using Explore2fs, Windows can read from, but not write to, Ext2
and Ext3 file systems. Windows can also access ReiserFS through rfstool and related programs.

Security
Manufacturer acknowledged unpatched vulnerabilities (by severity) [s 1]
No execute (NX)
Security-
Resource Subsystem Encrypted page flag Secunia
Integrated Focus
Name access isolation file
firewall Highly Less Not
control mechanisms systems Hard- Emula- Extremely critical Moderately critical Total
critical critical critical
ware tion (number / oldest) (number / oldest) (number / oldest)
(number / oldest) (number / oldest) (number / oldest)
POSIX,
IPFilter,
ACLs, MAC,
AIX 7.1 chroot IPsec VPNs, Yes Yes[s 2] N/A Unknown 0
Trusted AIX -
basic IDS
MLS, RBAC
FreeBSD 10.1 POSIX, chroot, Jails, IPFW2, Yes Yes Yes[s 3] 0 0 0 0 0 >0
ACLs, MAC MAC partitions, IPFilter, PF,
multilevel IPsec
security, Biba
Model, BSD file
 flags set using
chflags,
Capsicum
Capability-
based security
chroot, jail,
POSIX, MAC partitions, IPFW2,
GhostBSD 3.1 Yes Yes Yes 0 0 0 0 0 >0
ACLs, MAC BSD file flags IPFilter, PF
set using chflags
Virtual
[19] switch and
Hierarchal, capability-based kernel
Genode NAPT No No Unknown
least privilege security dependent
controls in
user-space
3 2
POSIX,
HP-UX 11.31 chroot IPFilter Yes ? ? 0 0 June 30, 2004; December 12, 2002; 0 >0
ACLs
16 years ago 17 years ago
Namespaces,[20]
capability-based
Inferno POSIX security, no ? ? No No Unknown >0
superuser or
setuid bit
chroot,[s 5]
POSIX, seccomp, Netfilter, 6 11
Linux-based
ACLs,[s 4] Namespaces, varied by Yes Yes Yes 0 0 0 June 24, 2004; April 4, 2005; >0
2.6.39
MAC SELinux, distribution 16 years ago 15 years ago
AppArmor
Mac OS 9.2.2 No No No No No No 0 0 0 0 0 >0
chroot, BSD file Yes (as of Yes 1 2 5
POSIX,
OS X 10.10.5 [s 6] flags set using ipfw Yes 10.5, X64 (Intel 0 0 April 14, 2009; January 8, 2007; November 22, 2006; >0
ACLs
chflags only) only) 11 years ago 13 years ago 13 years ago
POSIX, chroot, kauth,
IPFilter,
NetBSD 6.1.2 Veriexec, BSD file flags Yes Yes No Unknown >0
NPF, PF
PaX, kauth set using chflags
Directory- 1 2
NetWare 6.5 Protected
enabled IPFLT.NLM Yes Yes No 0 0 August 31, 2010; October 30, 2003; 0 0
SP8 address spaces
ACLs 10 years ago 16 years ago
Directory-
OES-Linux enabled chroot IPFilter Yes Yes No Unknown >0
ACLs
chroot, systrace,
OpenBSD 4.8 POSIX BSD file flags PF Yes Yes Yes Unknown >0
set using chflags
OpenVMS ACLs, logical name ? ? Yes ? 0 0 0 0 0 Unknown
8.4 privileges tables
OS/2,
eComStation, ACLs[s 7] No IPFilter No ? ? 0 0 0 0 0 0
ArcaOS
POSIX, chroot, jail, IPFW2,
TrueOS 8.1 Yes[s 8] ? ? 0 0 0 0 0 >0
ACLs, MAC MAC partitions IPFilter, PF
Namespaces,[20]
capability-based
Plan 9 POSIX ? security, no ipmux Yes No No Unknown >0
superuser or
setuid bit
5 1
PF, from
QNX 6.5.0 POSIX ? ? ? ? 0 0 0 November 20, 2002; November 7, 2002; Unknown
NetBSD
17 years ago 17 years ago
 RISC OS No No IPFilter No No No Unknown
POSIX,
RBAC, chroot,
2 5 3 2
ACLs, least Containers,[s 9]
Solaris 10 IPFilter Yes[s 10] Yes No 0 October 31, 2007; October 23, 2007; September 10, 2009; November 6, 2006; >0
privilege, Logical
12 years ago 12 years ago 11 years ago 13 years ago
Trusted Domains
Extensions
POSIX,
RBAC, chroot,
OpenSolaris ACLs, least Containers,[s 9]
IPFilter Yes[s 10] Yes No 0 0 0 0 0 >0
2009.06 privilege, Logical
Trusted Domains
Extensions
Win32
ACLs,
Windows WindowStation, Windows
privileges, Yes Yes Yes 0 0 0 0 0 [Unknown]
Server 2012 desktop, job Firewall
RBAC
objects
Win32
ACLs, 1
WindowStation, Windows
Windows 8.1 privileges, Yes Yes Yes 0 0 0 0 May 30, 2014; [Unknown]
desktop, job Firewall
RBAC 6 years ago
objects
ZETA POSIX[s 11] No No No No No Unknown
POSIX,
multilevel
security, Biba
Model Multilevel
STOP 6, mandatory security, Biba
No No No No Unknown
XTS-400[s 12] integrity, Model, subtype
ACLs, mechanism
privileges,
subtype
mechanism
RACF, low
storage
protection, page Yes
protection, (storage
storage protect protect
z/OS
z/OS 1.11 RACF key, execution Optional key, Yes 0 0 0 0 0 Unknown
IPSecurity
key, subspace execution
group facility, key, APF,
APF, ACR more)
(alternate CPU
recovery), more
Highly Less Not
Hard- Emula- Extremely critical Moderately critical Total
critical critical critical
Resource Subsystem Encrypted ware tion (number / oldest) (number / oldest) (number / oldest)
Integrated (number / oldest) (number / oldest) (number / oldest)
Name access isolation file
firewall Security-
control mechanisms systems No execute (NX) Secunia
Focus
page flag
Known unpatched vulnerabilities (severity is accounted for)[s 1]

1.

 Comparison of known unpatched vulnerabilities based on Secunia & SecurityFocus reports with severity of Not critical & above. Update lists manually with oldest published date(s).
  AIX use the PowerPC architecture which offer page-level protection mechanism. Since AIX version 5300-03 (5.3), this feature can be activated using the sedmgr command.
  The GCC stack protection (a.k.a. ProPolice stack-smashing protector) has been enabled in base system since FreeBSD 8.0-release.
  Support for the in 1997 withdrawn POSIX ACL draft is included in Linux 2.6, but requires a file system able to store them (such as ext3, XFS or ReiserFS).
  A jail mechanism is available separately in the Linux-VServer project, but is not integrated into any mainline Linux kernel.
  ACLs were added to Mac OS X starting with version 10.4.
  ACLs are available only in OS/2 Server versions with HPFS386 filesystem.
  Additionally swap space may be encrypted during installation, uses memory based tmp file storage by default.
  "Solaris Containers" (including "Zones") are a jail-type mechanism introduced with Solaris 10.
  Through ZFS
  Zeta has full Unix file permissions, but the OS is single user, and users always run as superuser.

1.  STOP 6 is certified under Common Criteria at EAL5+.

Commands
For POSIX compliant (or partly compliant) systems like FreeBSD, Linux, macOS or Solaris, the basic commands are the same because they are standardized.

Feature AROS FreeBSD Linux-based HP-UX OpenVMS macOS Solaris Windows (cmd) Windows (PowerShell)
List directory list, dir ls ls ls dir ls ls dir Get-ChildItem
Clear console clear clear clear clear ? clear clear cls Clear-Host
Copy file(s) copy cp cp cp copy cp cp copy Copy-Item
Move file(s) move mv mv mv ? mv mv move Move-Item
Rename file(s) rename mv mv, rename mv ren mv mv ren (rename) Rename-Item
Delete file(s) delete rm rm rm del rm rm del (erase) Remove-Item
Delete directory delete rmdir rmdir rmdir del rmdir rmdir rd (rmdir) Remove-Item
Create directory makedir mkdir mkdir mkdir create/dir mkdir mkdir md (mkdir) New-Item
Change current directory cd [c 1] cd cd cd set def cd cd cd (chdir) Set-Location
Run shell script with new
shell file.shell sh file.sh sh file.sh sh file.sh @ file.com sh file.sh sh file.sh cmd /c file.cmd powershell file.ps1
shell
killall, pkill, kill,
Kill processes ? kill, killall kill stop kill, killall kill, pkill taskkill Stop-Process
skill
start /low, start /normal, start /high,
Change process priority changetaskpri nice nice, chrt nice set proc/prio nice nice Start-Process, wmic
start /realtime
[c 2]
Change I/O priority ? ionice ? set proc/prio nice[c 3] ? ? ?
newfs, zpool / zfs
Create file system format newfs mkfs newfs init mkfs format Format-Volume
create
File system check and ? fsck fsck fsck analyze/disk fsck fsck chkdsk Repair-Volume
recovery
atacontrol, gmirror, zfs metainit, zpool
Create software raid ? mdadm -C ? ? diskutil appleRAID diskpart (mirror only) diskpart (mirror only)
create create
Mount device mount mount mount mount mount mount, diskutil mount mount mountvol New-PSDrive
assign drivename: umount, diskutil
Unmount device umount umount umount dismount umount mountvol /d Remove-PSDrive
dismount unmount(disk)
Mount file as block device ? mdconfig + mount mount -o loop ? ? hdid lofiadm + mount ? ?
Show network ifconfig, tcpip sh net (sh Get-NetIPInterface,
? ifconfig ip addr, ifconfig ifconfig ifconfig ipconfig
configuration lanadmin net) ipconfig
netstat -r, route get, route netstat -r, route get, route
Show network route ? ip route, route netstat -r tcpip sh route netstat -r route Get-NetRoute
monitor monitor
Trace network route ? traceroute traceroute traceroute tcptrace traceroute traceroute tracert Test-NetConnection
Trace network route with ? traceroute -I traceroute -I, mtr ? tcptrace traceroute -I traceroute -I pathping pathping
pings
Feature AROS FreeBSD Linux-based HP-UX OpenVMS macOS Solaris Windows (cmd) Windows (PowerShell)

NOTE: Linux systems may vary by distribution which specific program, or even 'command' is called, via the POSIX alias function. For example, if you wanted to use the DOS dir to give you a directory listing with
one detailed file listing per line you could use {{{1}}} (e.g. in a session configuration file).