Steam Bench: Objective

Steam Bench
Objective:-
-The purpose of this unit is to demonstrate the following:-

- Steam boiler unit and its accessories.
- Pressure /temperature relationship.
- Separation and throttling phenomena.
Apparatus:-
The steam bench apparatus consist of:-

- Boiler
- Separator unit
- Throttling unit
- Main boiler
- Condenser
Procedure:-
- Part1: Steam boiler unit:
This is a fully automatic boiler. A digital thermometer unit is incorporated which enables the
steam and feed water temperature to be monitored.
For normal operation of the unit proceed as follows:
1. Close the steam and blow down valves.
2. Open any valves to feed pump suction.
3. Switch on the main electrical supply to the unit.
4. Switch on the (ON / OFF) switch. Be sure that the main contactor and feed pump, are
working.
5. As the water is pumped into the boiler check that after 10-15 minutes that:
a. The cotactor closes followed by the feed pump stopping.
b. The feed pump restarts on fall of water.
6. Observe the steam pressure/temperature rising as indicated on the gauge on the front
panel, and the boiler pressure switch operates the contactor at the required operating
pressure.
- Part2: Marcet boiler(pressure/Temperature ..Experiment)
1. Place a bucket under the drainpipe and open the drain valve.
2. Gently open the steam valve and make sure that the boiler is empty.
3. Close the steam valve and let any remaining moisture to drain out of the Marcet
boiler unit.
4. Close the drain valve.
5. Open the steam valve and pressurize the vessel to the steam supply main pressure
then close the steam valve.
6. Note the gauge pressure and steam temperature in the Marcet boiler every 1 bar
interval.
- Part2: Combine separating and throttling calorimeter:
If a fluid is throttled and velocities before and after the throttle are negligible then the
enthalpy before and after the throttling is the same. If a wet steam is throttled through a
large enough pressure drop; then steam becomes super heated. In this state the steam I
drained pressure and temperature. The enthalpy can be found from the tables.
If the steam I is quite wet then pure throttling may not be through to ensure that the
steam is superheated. Thus it is necessary to partially dry the steam. Passing the steam
sample to a separator does this. Here steam is made to change direction suddenly, as water I
denser than steam it is separated out. The remaining steam is passed to the throttling.
Theories:-
X= mass of dry vapor = X2.m / mw+ms

Total mass
X2 is the dtyness fraction of the steam entering the throttle (i.e. after separation ). It can be
determined from ….
h 3 =h2 =hf2+ hfg2
X2=( h3 – hf2) / hfg2
Where : hf2 and hfg2 are read from tables at P2 . The pressure loss in the separater is so small
that P1=P2 .., P3 and T3 are measured and h3 can be found from tables . For wet steam use T 2
rather than P2 to get hf2 and hfg2 ..
Data:-
Part 1:
Psat (bar) Tsat (c) ْ Tsat from

table
8 182 160.35
7 175.5 155.85
6 172 151.86
5 163.5 143.65
4 156 133.5
3 147.5 127.5
2 138 105.26
1 124 99.62
T vs P
200
Tsat from
table 150
TEMP
100
Tsat exp
50
.‫مضلع‬ 0
Tsat( 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
)exp RRESSURE
.‫مضلع‬
Tsat(
from
)table
PART 2
Combined separating &Throttling calorimeter:
:
Before throttling After throttling
P (bar) T (c) P (mmHg) T ( c)
7.3 183 20 135
Volume (mm^3) Time (min) Flow rate

300 2 2.5 mm^3/sec Dry mass
320 2 2.67 mm^3/sec Total (wet + dry)
-Vtotal =320 mm3

- Vwet =20 mm3
We aim her to calculate quality (x):

mass of vapor
x 
totale mass
 quality before se par ating  x1
mass of dr y v apor
x1 
total mass
To find x2 we use the idea of throttling, where:
h2  h3
 h2  h3  h f 2  xh fg 2
h3  h f 2
x2 
h fg 2
We first calculate masses for wet and dry steam:

V
m , where v g is found from steam tabls at (T2 )
vg
20mm 3  10 6
mwet   0.009926kg
0.002015
mtotal  0.320kg
P3  20(mmHg )    g  hHg  13550  9.81  0.015  2kPa
T3  135o C
 h3  2845.352 J
2845.352  2745.251
x2   0.866
115 .650
0.866  0.00395
 x1   0.69
0.00496
Discussion:
We can see in the first Part of the experiment that the pressure of the marcet boiler is
directly proportional to the saturation Pressure and the experimental value are at small
different from the tabulated value .This difference is due to the accuracy in taking the
pressure reading .
In the second part … we can get dry steam (i.e. No water drops )by passing it throw the
separator and there the direction of the water is change suddenly then the water is
condenced so the dry steam is separated out …
Also .. The value of the enthalpy before and after the throttling process is the same .
-ㄴIn this experiment we used the throttling valve, use the fact of constant enthalpy while
throttling to calculate the quality (x). While the throttling, the enthalpy is the same
before and after so the pressure drop is enough to get the steam superheated.
-ㄷThe purpose of separating process is to reduce the moisture content in the steam, and so
became less wet so while throttling there will be enough drop in pressure to allow the
steam to be superheated vapor.
-ㄹThe separating where steam is made to change direction suddenly. As water is dense than
steam it is separated out, this quantity of separated water is measured. The remainder of
the steam is now go to throttling valve.
-ㅁThe discussion above gives a clear picture and a good reason to the increase in quality
after separating that means (x2>x1), because there is some quantity of water has been
separated, so the mass of vapor increased and so quality (x).
Conclusion:
In the throttling process the enthalpy between tow state is remain constant but the pressure
is decrease were the temperature may increase or decrease were it may be remain constant
and the phase known according to the temperature ..
The steam becomes Superheated if the wet steam is throttled to large pressure drop ..but if
the steam is quit wet so the small drop in pressure or using pure throttling may not change it
to superheated
We can know from the value of quality if it more than one that mean it change to
superheated … if quality less than 1 then it not be superheated because it is in the saturation
region ..
The dryness fraction gives indication about the separator a efficiency to change the steam
direction and remove the moisture from it (separaror) .
-ㅂWe conclude that there is a finite relationship between pressure and temperature. This
was proved by using Morcet Boiler, where we can see that pressure is direct proportional
to temperature [P α T], and this relation was also proved from steam tables.
-ㅅThe differences (errors) between the measured valve and the real one (from steam table)
is due to errors in reading or because of lab atmosphere when the experiment was
conducted.
-ㅇFrom the second part we conclude that if a fluid is throttled and the velocities before and
after throttling are very negligible, the enthalpy will remain constant (the same before
and after the throttling), but by throttling there will be decrease in both pressure and
temperature.
-ㅈFrom this we can see that if there is enough pressure drop while throttling the steam
becomes superheated, to ensure this a separating process is done.
-ㅊDuring separation, a quality of water, that is in condensation by closing the valve, can be
shown by calculating (x) before and after separation.

Steam Bench: Objective

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Steam Bench: Objective

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Steam Bench: Objective

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Steam Bench

-The purpose of this unit is to demonstrate the following:-

The steam bench apparatus consist of:-

- Part1: Steam boiler unit:

- Part2: Combine separating and throttling calorimeter:

X= mass of dry vapor = X2.m / mw+ms

h 3 =h2 =hf2+ hfg2

X2=( h3 – hf2) / hfg2

Psat (bar) Tsat (c) ْ Tsat from

Combined separating &Throttling calorimeter:

Volume (mm^3) Time (min) Flow rate

-Vtotal =320 mm3

We aim her to calculate quality (x):

To find x2 we use the idea of throttling, where:

We first calculate masses for wet and dry steam:

You might also like