Handout On Adjectives and Adverbs

San Pedro Technological Institute-Ms.
Celestial Parts of Speech-Adjectives and Adverbs
ADJECTIVES
An adjective describes a noun or a pronoun. It answers any of the following
questions:
What kind?
How many/much?
Which one?
The girl is beautiful.
In this example the word “beautiful” describes the word “girl” which is a
noun.
Adjectives used to describe shape, age, materials colors, numbers, sizes,
quality, texture, etc.
Adjectives occur in two positions, either before the nouns they modify (attribute
position) or after verbs like is (predicate position).
The red shirt. (attribute position)

The shirt is red. (predicate position)
The three
articles a,
an, and they
are also
considered
adjectives.
Degrees of
Comparison
A d j e c t i v e s c
different
forms of
adjectives,
known as
degrees of
comparison, may be positive, comparative, or superlative.
The positive degree is used when no comparison is being made.
Bruno is a poor man.
Armando is intelligent.
Mrs. Bennett is the woman who owns the big house in the neighborhood.
The comparative degree is used to compare two things.
Bruno is poorer than his brother.
Armando is more intelligent than Mario.
Mrs. Bennett’s house is bigger than our house.
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San Pedro Technological Institute-Ms. Celestial Parts of Speech-Adjectives and Adverbs
The superlative degree is used to compare more than two things.

Bruno is the poorest among the siblings.
Armando is the most intelligent person in the class.
Mrs. Bennett’s house is the biggest house in the neighborhood.
The comparative and superlative degrees may be formed in the following

manners:
If the word has only one syllable and its ends in –e, by adding –r or –st.
Positive Comparative Superlative
Cute Cuter Cutest
Fine Finer Finest
If the word has only one syllable and has one vowel and one consonant at the
end, by doubling the consonant and adding –er or –est.
Big Bigger Biggest
Fat Fatter Fattest
Hot Hotter Hottest
If the word has only one syllable and has more than one vowel or more than
one consonant at the end, by adding –er or –est.
Cold Colder Coldest
Great Greater Greatest
High Higher Highest
If the word has two syllables and ends in –y, by changing –y to –I and adding –
er.
Happy Happier Happiest
Lonely Lonelier Loneliest
Silly Sillier Silliest
If the word has more than two syllables, by adding more and most.
Beautiful More Beautiful Most Beautiful
Comfortable More Comfortable Most Comfortable
Difficult Most Difficult Most Difficult
For irregular adjectives, by changing the spelling

good better best
bad worse worst
little less least
much more most
many more most
forth further furthest

fore former foremost

hind hinder hindmost
late latter last
There are instances when more than one adjective is used to describe a noun
or a pronoun. We need to learn the order or pattern in which these adjectives
come. The following is the rule on the order of adjectives.
ADVERBS
An adverb modifies a verb, an
adjective or another adverb.
Kinds of Adverbs
An adverb of manner answers the question
how?
Glenda washed the pots noisily.
The girl ate the ice cream slowly.
Julian barely noticed the girl who
called his name.
An adverb of place answers the question
where?
He has lived near the ocean all his
life.
The teacher will go there tomorrow.
Here is the file that you are looking for.
An adverb of frequency answers the question how often?
The girl visits her boyfriend every month.
She often brings a computer.
Michael’s car never breaks down.
An adverb of time answer the question when?
The lady of the house left early.
The members of the basketball team are already there.
I will be seeing you soon.
An adverb of degree answers the question how much? or to what extent?
The work is almost finished.
That is a very sweet thing to say.
We almost lost the case against the corporation.
An interrogative adverb asks a question.
Where are you going?
How did you get him to testify?
Who will come to the hearing?

Levels of Probability
Adverb of Frequency (How Often) Percentage

Always 100%
Usually 90-99%
Often 75-89%
Sometimes 25-75%
Seldom 10-24%
Rarely 1-9%
Never 0%
Positions of the Adverbs
English word order is as follows: subject, verb, indirect object, direct

object, adverbial modifiers. Most adverbs of time (yesterday, last night, etc.) go
at the end of an English sentence and follow any other adverbs of manner or
place.
Examples: I saw Luis in school yesterday.
I saw a movie last night.
While definite adverbs of time such as yesterday, today, two days ago,
etc. go at the end of the sentence, indefinite adverbs of time such as always,
seldom, generally, usually, never, frequently, etc. go before the main verb.
Examples: He always goes with me.
She usually comes by bus.
If an auxiliary verb is used, the definite adverbs of time (always,

generally, etc.) go before the main verb, not before the auxiliary verb.
Examples: He has always cooperated with me.
She doesn’t usually go with me.
With the verb to be, used as the main verb in the present and past
tenses, indefinite adverbs of time follow rather than precede the verb.
Examples: He is usually on time for the recitation.
They were frequently asked to recite.


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San Pedro Technological Institute-Ms.

Celestial Parts of Speech-Adjectives and Adverbs

The girl is beautiful.

The red shirt. (attribute position)

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The superlative degree is used to compare more than two things.

The comparative and superlative degrees may be formed in the following

For irregular adjectives, by changing the spelling

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fore former foremost

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Adverb of Frequency (How Often) Percentage

Positions of the Adverbs

English word order is as follows: subject, verb, indirect object, direct

If an auxiliary verb is used, the definite adverbs of time (always,

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