MATHEMATICS 10

LESSON 1: SEQUENCE
MODULE 1: ARITHMETIC SEQUENCE

Welcome to another fun. Need your attention as we

take another journey in the world of Mathematics!

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

Content Standard: The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of sequences,

polynomials and polynomial equations

Performance Standard: The learner is able to formulate and solve problems involving
sequences, polynomials and polynomial equations in different disciplines through appropriate
and accurate representations.

Lesson 1. LO . 1 Generates patterns (M10 AL-Ia-1)

Illustrates an arithmetic sequence (M10AL-Ib-1)

After going through this module, you are expected to:

 define and identify arithmetic sequence

 find the common difference (d) of the arithmetic sequence, and
 find the nth term of an arithmetic sequence

lesson

1 Arithmetic Sequence

WHAT I KNOW
Brain Teaser

Good day Grade 10 students! After having been informed on the objective of
the lesson, let us have the first activity that will test your prior knowledge on
arithmetic sequence.

MHEL BRIAN G. DAYON (EM BI)

[email protected]
Mathematics 10
 What you already know

Answer the following exercises.

a. Tell whether if the given sequences are an arithmetic sequence. Write YES if it is an
arithmetic sequences and NO if it if not.

_______________1. 2, 6, 10, 14, …

_______________2. -4, 8, -16, 32, -64, …
_______________3. 2, 1, ½, ¼ , 1/8, …
_______________4. 20, 13, 6, -1, -8, …
_______________5. 2, 2 ½, 3, 3 ½, …

b. Find the nth term in the following arithmetic sequence.

_____________1. 50th term in the sequence if the first term is 5 and the common difference is 4.
_____________2. 20th term in the sequence 2, 7, 12, 17, …
_____________3. 4th term when the first term is 5 and the common difference is 4.
_____________4. 7th term in the sequence 3, 15, 27.

WHAT’S NEW

Have you encountered numbers in sequence? Were you not puzzled as to how those
numbers are emerged?

This lesson will introduce you to sets of numbers following certain patterns called
arithmetic sequences. After this module, you should be able to tell whether a certain set of
numbers is an arithmetic sequence or not.

Some numbers are arranged following special patterns. Some of the special patterns can
be determined using your knowledge of sequences, in this module, you will learn about
arithmetic sequences.

ACTIVITY 1. Jog your Brain

Suppose you jog every day to maintain good health. On the 1st day of the week you ran
150 meters, on the 2nd day 155 meters; on the 3rd day, 160 meters; and on the 4th day, 165 meters.
Now, pause for a while and look at the number of meters covered each day. Do you see a
pattern?

Let us present the values as in the table show.

Day 1 2 3 4
Meters Covered 150 155 160 165

 What did you observe with the given numbers?

 What is the difference between the number of meters covered on the second day and the
number of meters covered on the 1st day?
 What about the number of meters covered on the fourth day compared to that on the third
day?

MHEL BRIAN G. DAYON (EM BI)

[email protected]
Mathematics 10
 Note that the number of meters covered each day increases by 5 meters. Notice that on
Day 1, you covered 150 meters on Day 2, you covered 155 meters. This is 5 meters more
than 150, the number of meters you covered on the first day. On Day 3, you covered 160
meters which is 5 meters more than 155. On the Day 4, you covered 165 meters which is also
5 meters more than 160 meters.

Suppose you continue jogging for two more days, each time increasing the distance you
will cover by 5 meters.

Day 1 2 3 4 5 6
Meters Covered 150 155 160 165 ? ?
Can you determine the distance or the number of meters you will cover on the fifth day
and on the sixth day? Place your answers in the spaces provided in the chart below.

I’m sure your answers are correct. But let’s do it together. Once the numbers are arranged in
a series, what is the result?

STEP 1: Determine the Common Difference

To do this, we find the difference between any terms to its preceding term.

155 150 160 165

5 5 5

--------------5 is the common difference---------------

STEP 2: After finding the common difference, add the common difference to the last term of
the sequence

To know the number of meters covered on the fifth and sixth day, we just need to add the
common difference to the last term of the sequence. Since on the Day 4, you covered 165
meters then add the common difference of 5 meters so you got 170 meters are being covered on
Day 5. Then follow the steps, add the common difference to the last term and obtained 175
meters, so on Day 6 you covered 175 meters.

It’s very easy, isn’t it?

OKAY! Let’s Go!

MHEL BRIAN G. DAYON (EM BI)

[email protected]
Mathematics 10
 WHAT IS IT??

The example you worked on earlier is example of an arithmetic sequence

or arithmetic progression.

An Arithmetic Sequence or Arithmetic Progression is a set or series of numbers

following a certain pattern that has common difference. The common difference is constant or a
fixed number.

 Any series of numbers that do not have a common difference is not an arithmetic
sequence or progression

Here are some more examples of arithmetic sequences.

a. 2, 8, 14, 20
Solution:

8 is obtained by adding 6 to 2
14 is obtained by adding 6 to 8
20 is obtained by adding 6 to 14

 Therefore 2, 8, 14, 20 is an example of arithmetic sequence since each term has a

common difference of 6.

b. 12, 20, 28, 36, 44

Solution:

20 is obtained by adding 8 to 12
28 is obtained by adding 8 to 20
36 is obtained by adding 8 to 28
44 is obtained by adding 8 to 36

 Therefore 12, 20, 28, 36, 44 is an example of arithmetic sequence since each term is
obtained by adding 6 to the preceding term.

c. 6, 10, 14, 17
Solution:

The difference between 6 and 10 is 4.

The difference between 10 and 14 is 4
The difference between 14 and 17 is 3.

 Since the differences are not the same, therefore the given numbers are not arithmetic
sequence.

MHEL BRIAN G. DAYON (EM BI)

[email protected]
Mathematics 10
 The general term or nth Term in an Arithmetic Sequence

Consider the following set of number that represents the number of metered
covered in jogging in a week is 150, 155, 160, 165, and 170 respectively. This represents
arithmetic sequence. Each number of the arithmetic sequence is called a term. The first
number is called 1st term, the 2nd number is the 2nd term, and so on.

The first term in the arithmetic sequence is 150. The second term is 155; the 3 rd
term is 160 and so on. Replace each term with a letter and corresponding number of the
term, i.e a1, a2, and so on. The number beside the lower left of the letter is called the
subscript. In the example, therefore we can say that the first term is a1 = 150, and the
second term is a2 = 155. In order to solve for the nth term of the sequence and find is
value we should follow the formula for solving it.

To solve for the nth term of the arithmetic sequence, we use the formula:

an = a1 + (n -1)d
Wherein: an = the nth term
a1 = first term
n = the number of terms
d = the common difference

 We follow the following steps in using the equation above

STEP 1: Find the common difference

STEP 2: Determine the first term in the given arithmetic sequence
STEP 3: Find the symbol for the unknown term in the sequence
STEP 4: Write the equation for the unknown term in the sequence
STEP 5: Substitute the values in the equation and solve for the result

Let’s look at the given examples and apply the given formula

The following nth terms is an arithmetic sequence with 150 as the first term and 5 is the common
difference:

1. 3rd term or a3 = 160 2. 5th term or a5 = 170

a3 = a1 + ( n-1)d a5 = a1 + ( n-1)d
= 150 +( 3-1)5 = 150 +( 5-1)5
= 150 +(2)5 = 150 +(4)5
= 150 +10 = 150 +20
a3 = 160 a5 = 170

MHEL BRIAN G. DAYON (EM BI)

[email protected]
Mathematics 10
 WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

You are learning a lot! The best way to improve your skills
and get the proper direction to express your feelings about
your learning is to reflect your learning through this
activity. Let’s do it

Answer the following question based from your understanding on the activity. Write your answer
on the space provided after each question.

1. What is arithmetic sequence?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________.

2. How are you going to identify if the given series of numbers are arithmetic sequences?
Explain your answer.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________.

3. What is the relevance of this topic to you as a student’s in your everyday life? Explain
your answer.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________.

MHEL BRIAN G. DAYON (EM BI)

[email protected]
Mathematics 10
 Assessment

DIRECTION: Determine if the following series of numbers are arithmetic sequences or not. If
the given is an arithmetic sequences, write S on the space provided if not, write N.

_________1. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12
_________2. 5, 4, 7, 9, 11, 10, 6
_________3. 25, 28, 31, 34, 37, 40, 43
_________4. 14, 15, 17, 17, 19, 20, 21
_________5. 124, 126, 128, 130, 132, 134, 136
_________6. 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70
_________7. 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, 6.5, 7.5
_________8. Php 15.00, Php 17.00, Php 19.00, Php 21.00
_________9. 17, 18, 35, 34, 21, 22, 16
_________10. 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28

DIRECTION: Use the 5 steps in applying the formula for finding the nth term in an arithmetic
sequences to solve the following. Write your answer on a clean sheet of paper and attach on this
module.

1. Find the 28th term in an arithmetic sequence if the first is 20 and the common difference
is – 5.
2. What is the 17th term in the arithmetic sequence 7, 7.3, 7.6, 7.9…?

B. Used the formula an = a1 + (n-1)d in finding the nth term in the following arithmetic
sequence.

1. A stack of bricks has 61 bricks in the bottom layer, 58 bricks in the second layer, 55
bricks in the third layer, and 10 bricks in the last layer. How many bricks are there in the
11th layer?
2. The seats in the theatre are arranged so that there are 70 seats in the first row, 72 seats in
the second row and so on for 30 rows altogether. How many seats are there in the last
row?
3. Once a month, a man puts some money in a cookie jar. During the first month he has Php
10.50 and each month he adds Php 0.50more into the jar. How much money was placed
in the jar during the last month of the 4th year?

Prepared by:

MHEL BRIAN G. DAYON, LPT

Subject Teacher
Noted:

DIVINIA A. VILLANUEVA
Officer – in - Charge

MHEL BRIAN G. DAYON (EM BI)

[email protected]
Mathematics 10