2 5 Years Previous Solved Papers ESE 2020 UPSC ENGINEERING SERVICES EXAMINATION Preliminary Examination Topicwise Presentation Also useful for State Engineering Services Examinations, Public Sector Examinations & Other Competitive ExaminationsR= MADE EASY Publications Corporate Office: 44-A/4, Kalu Sarai (Near Hauz Khas Moto lation), New Delhi-110016 E-mail: nfomep@madeeasy:n Contact: 011-45124660, 08860378007 Visitus at waww.madecasypublications.org ESE-2020 Preliminary Examination Mechanical Engineering :Volume-1_ | Topicwise Objective Solved Questions: (1995-2018) £ Copyright by MADE EASY Pubioations [Airghts are reserved, No part ofthis publication may be reproduced, sored ino intoduce inte aretioval system, oF ransmited in any form 0” by any means (tectonic, mechariel peto-copying, recording oF ‘erwie, without he prior writen permission ofthe above mentioned publ sho his Book 1st alton 2007 2nd Edition : 2008 3d Editon 2008 4th Eation: 2010 Sth Editon :2011 ‘th Edition 2012 7h Edition 2013 Sth Edition 2014 9th Edion 2015, 10th Edition 2016 Nth Edition 2017 12th Eattion; 2018 13th Edition: 2019 MADE EASY PUBLICATIONS has aken due cain allcting the data and providing the soltns, befor publshing his book Insite af thf any accuracy or pring eror ecu then MADE EASY PUBLICATIONS owes na respi. MADE EASY PUBLICATIONS wil be gates you could point aut any sue ena Your suggestion wil eapprected © Align resered by MADE EASY PUBLICATIONS Ho pr of his book maybe repre or tae nay farm without the ven perissan rm the publ.Director’s Message Engineering is one of the most chosen graduating field. Taking ‘engineering is usually a matter of interest butthis eventually develops into “purpose of being an engineer" when you choose engineering sorvices as a carrier option, Train goes in tunnel we dont panic but sit stil and trust the engineer, even we don't doubt on signalling system, ‘we dont think twice crossing over a bridge reducing our B. Singh (IES) traveltime; every enginearhas a purpose inhis department ‘hich when coupled with his unique talent provides service to mankind. I believe “the educator must realize in the potential power ofhis pupil and he must employ all his at, in seeking to bring his pupilto experience this power’. To support creams of every engineer and to make eficientuse of capabiltcs of aspirant, MADE EASY team has put sincere etfortsin compiling all the previous years’ ESE-Pre questions with accurate and detailod explanation, The objective Of this book is to faciitate every aspirant in ESE preparation and so, questions are segrevated cchapterwise and topicwise to enable the student to do topiowise preparation and strengthen the ‘concept as and when they are read. | would lke to acknowledge efforts of entre MADE EASY team who worked hard to solve previous years’ papers with accuracy and | hope this book will stand up to the expectations of aspirants. ‘and my desire to serve student fraternity by providing best study material and quality guidance will get accomplished. B. Singh (Ex I) (CMD, MADE EASY Groupsi. Contents Mechanical Engineering Objective Solved Questions of UPSC Engineering Services Examination Topic Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Machinery Thermodynamics Heat Transfer. Internal Combustion Engines. Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Turbo Machinery.. Power Plant Engineering Renewable Sources of Energy... Pages 1141 142-225 226-306 307-358 359-431 432-557 558-604 605-608UNIT Fluid Mechanics Syllabus Fluid Mechanics: Basic Concepts and Properties of Fluids, Manometry, Fluid Statics, Buoyancy, Equations cf Mation, Bernoulli's equation and applications, Viscous flow of incompressible fluids, Laminar and Turbulent flows, Flow through pipes and head losses in pipes: Contents S| Topic [Page No. 1. Fluid Properties 2 2. Fluid Pressure and Measurement 16 3. Hydrostatic Forces on Surface 2B 4, Buoyancy, Floatation and Liquids in Relative Equilibrium % 5. Fluid Kinematics 49 6. Fluid Dynamics and Flow Measurement er 7. Flow Through Pipes 81 8 VortexFlow. % 9. Laminar Flow 100 0. Turbulent Flow 107 11. Boundary Layer Theory 110 12, OpenChennel Flow 121 13. Drag and Lift 15 44, Dimensional Analysis 131 45, Flow overNotches and Weirs 140 2000A 1 14 12 Match List-l (Properties of fluids) with List-II (Definition/Results) and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists: 1 A. Ideal fluid B. Newtonian fluid ©, D. wp |. Mercury in glass fT 1. Viscosity does not vary with rate of deformation 2. Fluid of zoro viscosity 3. Dynamic viscosity 4. Capillary depression 5. 6. Cx Kinematic viscosity Capillary rise A B C D @ 1 2 4 6 ) 1 2 3 4 © 2 1 3 6 @ 2 1 5 4 [ESE : 1995] Math List (Fiuid properties) with List-ll (Related terms) and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists: List List A. Capilarty 1, Cavitation B. Vapourpressure 2. Density of water C. Viscosity 3. Shearforce D. Specific gravity 4. Surface tension Codes: A B C D @ 1 4 2 3 ® 1 4 3 2 ©4123 @® 4 13 2 [ESE : 1996] Fluid Properties 1.3 Assertion (A): In fluid, the rate of deformation is far more important than the total deformation itselt, Reason (R): A fluid continues to deform so long as the external forces are applied (a) Both A and R are individually true and Ris the correct explanation of A (©) Both A and R are individually true but R is not the correct explanation of A (c) Ais true but Ris false (@) Ais false but Ris true [ESE : 1996] 1.4. Which one of the following is the bulk modulus K ofa fluid? (Symbols have the usual meaning) 2 Pp. @ 9% oe ap ob © Pop © oop [ESE : 1997] The dimensions of surtace tension are (a) Nim® {b) Jim (c) Jim? (@) Wim [ESE: 1997] 1.8 Which of the following forces act on a fluid atrost? 1. Gravity foree 2. Hydrostatic force 3. Surface tension 4. Viscous force Select the correct answer using the codes given below: (@) 1,2,.3and4 —(b) 1, 2and3 (©) 2and4 (@ 1,3and4 [ESE : 1998] 1.7. Surface tension is due to (@) viscous forces (b) cohesion (©) adhesion (qd) the difference between adhesive and cohesive forces [ESE : 1998]Fluid Mechanics 9 1.58 Statement (I) : A small insect can sit on the free surface of aliquid though insects density is highor than that of the liquid, Statement (II): Liquids have viscosity (@) Both Statement (I) and Statement (Il) are individually true and Statement (Il) is the correct explanation of Statomont (1). (©) Both Statement (I) and Statement (Il) are individually true but Statement (II)is NOT the correct explanation of Statement (I). (6). Statement (I)is tue but Statement (Il) is false (a) Statoment I) is false but Statement (lis true [ESE : 2014) 1.59 Which of the following fluids exhibit a certain shear stress at zero shear strain rate followed by a straight line relationship between shear stress. and shear strain rate? (a) Newtonian fluids (b) Ideal Bingham plastic fluids (c) Pseudo-plastic fluids (4) Dilatant fluids [ESE : 2015} 1.80 I angle of contact of a drop of liquid is acute, then (a) cohesion is equal to adhesion (b) cohesion is more than adhesion (c) adhesion is more than cohesion (d) both adhesion and cohesion have no connection with angle of contact [ESE : 2016] 1.61 Aspherical waterdrop of 1 mm in diameter splits Up in air into 64 smallor drops of equal size. The GEE Fluia Properties surface tension coefficient of water in air is 0.073 Nim. The work required in splitting up the drop is (@) 096x10%J (b) 069% 10°) (©) 032x10%J (¢) 0.28% 10°) [ESE : 2017] 1.62 A 150 mm diameter shaft rotates at 1500 rpm. within a 200 mm long journal bearing with 150.5 mm internal diameter. The uniform annular space between the shaft and the bearing is filled with, cil of dynamic viscosity 0.8 poise. The shear stress on the shaft will be (@) 1.77 kNim?—(b) 2.77 kNim? (©) 3.77kNim? (6) 4,77 N/m? [ESE : 2018] 1.63 The normal stresses within an isotropic Newtonian fluid are related to 1.Pressure 2.Viscosity of fluid 3.Velocity gradient Which of the above are correct? (@) tand2only —(b) 1 and3 only (c) 2and only (d) 1,2and3 [ESE:2018) 1.64 A plate weighing 160 N and measuring 0.8 m X 0.8 m just slides down an inclined plane over an oil film of 1.2 mm thickness for an inclination of 80° and velocity of 0.2 m/s. Then the viscosity of the oil used is: 11 (d) 1.2 (6) 13 @ 14 @ 15 (© 1.10 (d) 1.14 (6) 1.12 (b) 1.18 (6) 1.14 (a) 1.19 (0) 1.20 c) 1.21 () 1.22 (b) 1.23 (b) 1.28 (d) 1.29 (a) 1.80 (0) 1.81 (6) 1.82 (0) 1.37 (b) 1.38 () 1.89 (@) 1.40 () 1.41 (o) 1.46 (d) 1.47 (0) 1.48 (b) 1.49 (6) 1.50 (0) 1.55 (a) 1.56 (b) 1.57 (2) 1.58 () 1.59 (b) 1.64 (d) (@) 0.3 Nsim? (0) 0.4 Nsim® (©) 0.5 Nsim? (@) 0.7 Naim? [ESE : 2019) . 16 ©) 17 &) 18 © 19 @ 1.18 (8) 1.16 (a) 1.17 (0) 1.18 (@) 1.24 (d) 1.25 (b) 1.26 (b) 1.27 (d) 1.33 (c) 1.34 (b) 1.35 (@) 1.36 @ 1.42 (0) 1.43 @ 1.44 (2) 1.48 (b) 1.51 (@) 1.62 (b) 1.83 (6) 1.84 (©) 1.80 (c) 1.61 (b) 1.62 (c) 1.63 (d)10 FEENEY Mechanical Engineering + Volume! Solved Papers [EEEEEIEEEY Fei Properties (d) ‘A Newtonian fluid is a fluid whose stress versus strain rate curve is linear and passes through, origin. The constant of proportionality is known, as the viscosity, In fluid mechanics, the term (hifp) is observed frequently and hence for convenience, itis called as kinematic viscosity, The depression of the meniscus of a liquid contained in a tube where the liquid does not wet walls of container, as in mercury barometer, the meniscus has a convex shape, resulting in a depression. Hw Viscosiy: tis ameasure of resistance of alc which is being deformed by either shear stress Specific gravity: It is the ratio of density of fluid to tho density of standard Mid, Capillary: tisthe ability of quid to tow against gravity combination of surface tension and adhesion act to lit tho livid Wilke) Bulk modulus, op viv ® — dtp av Specific volume, Taking log, both sides, we get logy v= og, ° On differentiating a) v Pp ob ° s|e Substituting in Eq (i), we get kK ae © =dp ip = Ite) The property of the liquid surface film to exert a lension is called the surface tension, It is the force required to maintain unit length of the film in equilibrium. In SI units surface tension is expressed in Nim or Jim®. In matric gravitational system of units it is expressed in kaflem or kgfim He For a fid at rest, there ean be no shear force (ie. viscous force), The only frees acting on the free body are the normal pressure force, exerted by tho surrounding fu onthe plano surface and weight ofthe element j(b) Surface tensions due to cohesion between liquid particles at the surface, where as capillaity is due to both cohesion and adhesion The property of cohesion enables a liquid to resist tensile stress, while adhesion enables it to stick to another body. Ec) Newton's law of viscosity «12d snore ear tess oy t & — rate of strain dy Hie The pressure at any point in a fiuid at rest has the same magnitude in all directions. In other words, when a certain pressure is applied at any point in a fluid at rest, the pressure is equally transmitted in all the direction and to every other point in the fluid. It is known as Pascal law.2.1. The depth of a fluid is measured in vertical z-direction; x and y are the other two directions and are mutually perpendicular. The static pressure variation in the fluids given by (symbols have the usual meaning) op & @ oro OF dp_ dp ( Bog @) Bag [ESE : 1995] 2.2. It Zs vertically upwards, pis the density and g gravitational acceleration (see figure), then the pressure ap/az in fluid at rest due to gravity is given by | y @ (@) po#i2 (©) -pg (©) -poz (@) pglz [ESE : 1996] 2.3. Themanometer shown inthe figure below connects, two pipes, carrying oil and water respectively. Hotzontal rane” Mercury Fron he figure one (a) can conclude that the pressure in the pipes are equal (b) can conclude that the pressure in the oil pipe ishigher 2.4 2.5 Fluid Pressure and WCET Tag (6) can conclude that the pressure in the water pipe is higher (d)_ cannot compare the pressure in the two pipes: for want of sufficient data [ESE : 1996] Assertion (A): U-tube manometer connected to a venturimeter fitted in a pipeline can measure the velocity through the pipe. Reason (R): U-tube manometer directly measures dynamic and static heads. (@) Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct explanation of A (b) Both A and R are individually true but R is not the correct explanation of A (©) Ais true but Ris false (a) Ais false but R is true [ESE : 1996] A differential manometer as shown in figure below is used to measure the difference in pressure at points Aand Bin terms of specific weight of water, w. The specific gravities of the liquids X, Yand Z are respectively S,, S,, and S, Pa _ Pe (@) 8,-1.8, + 1,8, (©) Hy, + h,S,- AS, (©) h8,-,S, + 1,8, (A) 8, + h,S,—hySy [ESE : 1997]Fluid Mechanics 17 2.6 27 Inthe figure shown below, air is contained in the pipe and water in the manometer liauid. woter The pressure at Ais approximately (a) 10.14 mof water absolute (b) 02 mot water (6) 1.2mofwater vacuum (a) 4901 Pa [ESE : 1998] ‘A meroury manometer is fitted to a pipe. It is mounted on the delivery line of a centrifugal pump. ‘One limb of the manometer is connected to the upstream side of the pipe at A and the other limb 1 B, just below the valve Vas shown in the figure below. = The manometer reading h varies with different valve positions. Assertion (A): With gradual closure of the valve, the magnitude of hwill go.on increasing and even situation may arise when mercury will be sucked in by the water flowing around B. Reason (R): With the gradual closure of the valve, the pressute at A will go on increasing, (a) Both A and R aro individually true and R is the correct explanation of A (b) Both A and R are individually true but R is not the correct explanation of A (o) Ais true but Ris false (d) Ais false but R is true [ESE : 1998) 2.8 The reading of gauge A shown in the figure below is we ts Ht same | tot S| Sth (@) -31.392kPa —_(b) -1.962kPa (©) 31.392kPa (@) +19.62KPa [ESE : 1999) 2.9. AU-tube manometer is connected to a pipeline conveying water as shown in the figure below. mosphere Mercury Spc = 136 The pressure head of water in the pipeline is. (@) 7.12 (0) 6.6m (©) 6.0m (a) 512m [ESE : 2000] 2.10 Pitot static tube is used to measure the velocity of water using a differential gauge which contains a manometric fluid of relative density 1.4. The deflection of the gauge fluid when water flows at a velocity of 1.2 m/s will be (the coefficient of the tube may be assumed to be 1) (@) 183.5mm (0) 2.4mm. (©) 524mm (@ 734mm [ESE : 2000] 2.11 Differential pressure head measured by mercury oil differential manometer (specific gravity of oi is 0.9) equivalent to a 600 mm difference of mercury levels will nearly be @) 7.62motoil (0) 76.2 motel (©) 7.34motoil —_{) 8.47 mofo [ESE : 2001]Fluid Mechanics 21 2.39 In a differential manometer a head of 0.6 m of fluid A in limb 1 is found to balance a head of 0.3 m of fluid 8 in limb 2. The ratio of specific. gravities of A to Bis (a) 2 (o) 03 (b) 05, @) 0.18 [ESE : 2013] 2.40 Manometer is a device used for measuring (2) Velocity at a point in a fluid (b) Pressure at a point in a fluid (6) Discharge of atid (d) None of the above [ESE : 2014) 2.41. What is the intensity of pressure in the following Slunits, when specific gravity of mercury is 13.6 and the intensily of pressure is 400 KPa? (@) 0.3 bar or 4.077 m of water or 0.299 m of Hg (b) 4 bar or 5.077 mof water or 0.399 m of Hg (©) 0.3 bar or 5.077 m of water or 0.599 m of Hg (d) 4 bar or 4.077 mof water or 0,299 m of Hg [ESE : 2015] 2.42 Ina differential manometer, a head of 0.5 m of fluid A in limb 1 is found to balance a head of 0.3 m of fluid 8 in limb 2. The atmospheric pressure is 760 mm of mercury. The ratio of specific gravities of A to Bis (a) 025 (b) 06 (©) 2 (a) 4 [ESE : 2016] 2.43 The pressure at a point in water column is 3.924 Nlom?, What is the corresponding height (@) 8m (b) 6m () 4m (@) 2m [ESE : 2016] 2.44 A vacuum gauge fixed on a steam condenser reads 80 kPa vacuum. The barometer indicates 1.013 bar, The absolute pressure in terms of mercury head is, nearly (@) 160 mm of Hg (b) 190 mm of Hg (€) 380 mm of Hg (a) 760 mm of Hg [ESE : 2016) 2.45 Statement (I) : A differential inverted U-tube manometer determines the difference in pressures. between two points in a flow section to which itis connected Statement (Il) : The sensitivity of an inclined gauge depends on the angle of inclination, (@) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are individually true and Statement (II) is the correct explanation of Statement (I). (©) Both Statement () and Statement (II) are individually true but Statement Il) is not the correct explanation of Statement (|). (6) Statement (I)is true but Statement (l)is fase. (a) Statement (I) is false but Statement (Il) is tue. [ESE : 2018] 2.46 Statement (I) : There exists a positive pressure difference between the inlet and throat ofa venturi meter. Statement (Il): The costficient of discharge of a venturimeter accounts for the non-uniformity of flow at both inlot and throat (@) Both Statement (I) and Statement (Il) are individually true and Statement (II) is the correct explanation of Statement (I). (©) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are individually true but Statement Il) is not the correct explanation of Statement (|). (¢) Statement (I)is true but Statement (is false. (@) Statement (I) is false but Statement (I) is true [ESE : 2018]