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PID Controller: From Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

A PID controller is a control mechanism widely used in industrial systems. It calculates an error value as the difference between a measured process variable and desired setpoint. The controller attempts to minimize this error by adjusting the process using three parameters: proportional (P), integral (I), and derivative (D). P depends on the present error, I on accumulated past errors, and D predicts future errors based on current change rate. Together these parameters are used to adjust the control element like a valve position. PID controllers are commonly used and tuning the three parameters can optimize the controller for specific processes. Some processes may only require P, PI, PD or I control actions by setting the unnecessary parameters to zero.

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53 views1 page

PID Controller: From Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

A PID controller is a control mechanism widely used in industrial systems. It calculates an error value as the difference between a measured process variable and desired setpoint. The controller attempts to minimize this error by adjusting the process using three parameters: proportional (P), integral (I), and derivative (D). P depends on the present error, I on accumulated past errors, and D predicts future errors based on current change rate. Together these parameters are used to adjust the control element like a valve position. PID controllers are commonly used and tuning the three parameters can optimize the controller for specific processes. Some processes may only require P, PI, PD or I control actions by setting the unnecessary parameters to zero.

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Zhon
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© © All Rights Reserved
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PID controller - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Page 1 of 1

PID controller
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A proportional-integral-derivative controller
(PID controller) is a control loop feedback
mechanism (controller) widely used in industrial
control systems. A PID controller calculates an error
value as the difference between a measured process
variable and a desired setpoint. The controller
attempts to minimize the error by adjusting the
process through use of a manipulated variable.

The PID controller algorithm involves three separate


constant parameters, and is accordingly sometimes
called three-term control: the proportional, the
A block diagram of a PID controller in a feedback
integral and derivative values, denoted P, I, and D.
loop
Simply put, these values can be interpreted in terms
of time: P depends on the present error, I on the
accumulation of past errors, and D is a prediction of future errors, based on current rate of change.[1] The
weighted sum of these three actions is used to adjust the process via a control element such as the
position of a control valve, a damper, or the power supplied to a heating element.

In the absence of knowledge of the underlying process, a PID controller has historically been considered
to be the best controller.[2] By tuning the three parameters in the PID controller algorithm, the controller
can provide control action designed for specific process requirements. The response of the controller can
be described in terms of the responsiveness of the controller to an error, the degree to which the
controller overshoots the setpoint, and the degree of system oscillation. Note that the use of the PID
algorithm for control does not guarantee optimal control of the system or system stability.

Some applications may require using only one or two actions to provide the appropriate system control.
This is achieved by setting the other parameters to zero. A PID controller will be called a PI, PD, P or I
controller in the absence of the respective control actions. PI controllers are fairly common, since
derivative action is sensitive to measurement noise, whereas the absence of an integral term may prevent
the system from reaching its target value due to the control action.

Contents
■ 1 History and applications
■ 2 Control loop basics
■ 3 PID controller theory
■ 3.1 Proportional term
■ 3.1.1 Droop
■ 3.2 Integral term

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PID_controller 07/10/2014

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