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M3 - Lesson 8

This document provides an overview of inverse one-to-one functions. It defines a one-to-one function as a function where each number in the range corresponds to exactly one number in the domain. The inverse of a one-to-one function is formed by reversing the ordered pairs. Steps are provided for determining if a function has an inverse and finding the inverse. Several examples demonstrate finding the inverse of different functions and verifying the inverse relationship. Practice problems are included to determine if functions are one-to-one and find their inverses.

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99 views3 pages

M3 - Lesson 8

This document provides an overview of inverse one-to-one functions. It defines a one-to-one function as a function where each number in the range corresponds to exactly one number in the domain. The inverse of a one-to-one function is formed by reversing the ordered pairs. Steps are provided for determining if a function has an inverse and finding the inverse. Several examples demonstrate finding the inverse of different functions and verifying the inverse relationship. Practice problems are included to determine if functions are one-to-one and find their inverses.

Uploaded by

alayca cabatana
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GENERAL MATHEMATICS

Module 3, Lesson 8: Inverse One-to-One Functions


I. Overview:
 This lesson will demonstrate an understanding of key concepts of functions.
II. Objectives:
 Determines the inverse of a one-to-one function.
 Finds the domain and range of an inverse function.
 Solves problems involving inverse functions.
III. Content Outline:
 Please take time to read and understand this part because all graded activities and quizzes will be
coming from these contents.

The importance of one-to-one functions is due to the fact that these are the only functions that have an
inverse, as defined below.

ONE-TO-ONE FUNCTION
 A function f is one-to-one if every number in its range corresponds to exactly one
number in its domain, that is, for all x 1 and x 2 in the domain of f , if x 1 ≠ x 2 then
f (x 2) ≠ f ( x 2). Equivalently, f (x 1)=f (x 2) only when x 1=x 2.

INVERSE FUNCTION
 If f is a one-to-one function, then the inverse of f , denoted by f −1, is the function formed
by reversing all the ordered pairs in f . thus f −1={( y , x ): (x , y ) is in f }. If f is not one-to-
one, then f does not have an inverse and f −1 does not exist.

A function has an inverse if and only if it is one-to-one.


If a function f is not one-to-one, properly defining an inverse function f −1 will be problematic.
For example, suppose that f (1)=5 and f (3)=5. If f −1 exists, then f −1 (5) has to be both 1 and 3, and
this prevents f −1 from being a valid function. This is the reason why the inverse is only defined for one-
to-one functions.

Properties of Inverse Function


If f −1 exist, then
1. f −1 is a one-to-one function.
2. Domain of f −1=¿ range of f .
3. Range of f −1=¿ domain of f .

Example 1. Determine if the inverse function of f (x)=2 x +3 exists.


Solution: First, we need to determine if f is one-to-one. Let x 1 and x 2 be real numbers with
f (x 1)=f (x 2).
f (x 1)=f ¿
2 x1 +3=2 x 2 +3
2 x1 =2 x 2
x 1=x 2
Therefore, f is one-to-one and f (x), exists.
−1

To find f −1 ( x), we first let y=f (x ), interchange the roles of x and y, and solve for y.
f (x)=2 x +3
y=2 x +3 Write y=f (x )
x=2 y +3 Interchange the roles of x and y.
2 y=x−3 Isolate the y-term
x−3
y= Solve for y.
2
−1 x−3
f (x)=
2
The domains and ranges of f and f −1 consist of all real numbers. It can be verified that

f (f −1 (x))=f ( x −3
2 )=2 (
x−3
2 )
+3=x and f −1
(f ( x))=f −1 (2 x +3)=
(2 x +3)−3
2
=x .

Finding an Inverse Function


1
1. Determine if the function f is one-to-one. If f is not one-to-one, then f does not exist.
2. In the equation for f (x) , replace f (x) by y .
3. Interchange the roles of x and y and solve for y .
1
4. Replace by f ( x ) in the new equation.
1 1
5. Find the domain of f . remember the domain of f must be the same as the range of f .

Check your work by verifying that f 1 ( f ( x))  x for all x in the domain of f and
f ( f 1 ( x))  x for all x in the domain of f 1 .

Example 2. Find the inverse of a function f ( x)  5 x  3 .


Solution:
f ( x)  5 x  3
y  5x  3
x  5y  3
5y  x  3
x3
y
5
x  3
f 1 ( x ) 
5
3x
f ( x) 
Example 3. Find the inverse of a function x2 .
Solution:
3x
f ( x) 
x2
3x
y
x2
3y
x
y2
 3y 
( y  2)( x)   ( y  2)
 y2
( y  2)( x )  3 y
( xy  2 x )  3 y
3 y  xy  2 x
y (3  x)  2 x
y (3  x) 2x

(3  x ) (3  x)
2x
y
(3  x)
2x
f 1 ( x ) 
3 x

Example 4. Find the inverse of a function f ( x)   x  2 .


3

Solution:
f ( x)   x 3  2
y   x3  2
x   y3  2
y3   x  2
1
y  ( x  2) 3
y  3 (  x  2)
f 1 ( x)  3 ( x  2)
IV. Activities:

a. Determine if f is a one-to-one or not. If a function f is a one-to-one find the inverse of the function.
1
f ( x) 
1. x2
3
f ( x)   x  4
2. 4
3. f ( x )  ( x  2)
2

4. f ( x )  x2 1
x
f ( x) 
5. x 1

6. f ( x)  9  x
7. f ( x)  x  3
3

8. f ( x)  x4
3x  3
f ( x) 
9. 2
10 f ( x)  10 x  5

V. Assignment:

Answer the following:

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