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Module 3 SW5

This document contains 12 practice problems related to fluid mechanics concepts like water flow, pipes, dams, and hydraulic jumps. The problems involve calculating things like water pressure, flow rates, jump heights and velocities, dam stability, and water hammer effects. Equations related to fluid properties, pipe properties, and dam/structure geometry are used to solve for various unknown values.

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431 views

Module 3 SW5

This document contains 12 practice problems related to fluid mechanics concepts like water flow, pipes, dams, and hydraulic jumps. The problems involve calculating things like water pressure, flow rates, jump heights and velocities, dam stability, and water hammer effects. Equations related to fluid properties, pipe properties, and dam/structure geometry are used to solve for various unknown values.

Uploaded by

hgfhfghfghg
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module 3

Seatwork 5
Problem 1
• A 2.75 m wood-stave pipe has 9 m3/s of water entering it through a
horizontal 30 degree. Bend which reduces the pipe size to 1.82m. The
curve portion is made of steel plate to resist rupture and the bend is
embedded in a concrete block weighing 2400 kg/m3. (a) Compute the
horizontal component of the force exerted by the water on the bend.
(b) Compute the resultant force exerted by the water on the bend. (c)
Determine the volume of concrete block holding the bend that can
withstand the thrust of water on the bend assuming a coefficient of
friction between the concrete and its foundation to be 0.30.
Problem 2
• A horizontal water jet issues from a circular orifice in a large tank. The
jet strikes a vertical plate that is normal to the axis of the jet. A force
of 2kN is needed to hold the plate in place against the action of the
jet. If the pressure in the tank is 80 kPa at point A. (a) What is the
diameter of the jet just downstream of the orifice? (b) What is the
diameter of the orifice if the coefficient of contraction is 0.63? (c)
Compute the coefficient of discharge of the orifice.
Problem 3
• A stream carrying 3.72 m3/s per meter width, with a velocity of 5.18
m/s is discharged from the toe of a dam into a channel bed which has
a negligible slope. (a) What will be the height of the accompanying
jump? (b) Compute the head lost in the jump. (c) Compute the
amount of energy that will be absorbed in the jump in hp.
Problem 4
• Over a hydraulic drop structure in a river 22.8 m. wide flows 170
m3/s. On the level apron of the structure the water flows 0.6 m . deep
in the rapid state. A hydraulic jump is to take place on the apron. (a)
What will be the reasonable depth of water downstream in the
tranquil state? (b) What will be the critical depth? (c) What is the
energy loss caused by the jump in horsepower?
Problem 5
• Water flows over a spillway into a rectangular channel forming a
hydraulic jump in order to dissipate mechanical energy. The spillway
and the settling basin(region downstream the spillway) are 20m wide.
Before the jump, the water has depth of 1m. and a velocity of 18m/s
(a) Determine the depth after the jump. (b) Determine the velocity
after the jump. (c) Determine the Froude Number before and after
the jump.
Problem 6
• Water from a reservoir flowing through a non rigid 600 mm diameter
pipe at a rate of 0.707 m3/s is completely stopped by a valve 200 m
from the reservoir. Assume that the pressure increases at a uniform
rate and that there is no damping of the pressure wave. The pipe has
a thickness of 20 mm. Bulk modulus of water is 2.2 GPa and modulus
of elesticity of steel is 140 GPa.
1. Calculate the velocity of wave pressure or celerity.
2. What is the joint or combined modulus of elasticity?
3. What will be the maximum rise in pressure at the valve due to water
hammer?
Problem 7
• IF the velocity of flow in a 600 mm cast iron pipe modulus of elasticity
8.29 × 1010 𝑃𝑎 be changed in 0.25 sec. from 0.6 m/s to 0 by closing a
valve 300mm from a reservoir, what probable increase in pressure
due to water hammer will be obtained close to the valve? The
pipewall is 20 mm thick. Bulk modulus of water is 2.07 × 109 𝑃𝑎
Problem 8
• Water from a reservoir flowing through a non rigid 500 mm diameter
pipe at a rate of 0.502 m3/s is completely stopped by a valve 150 m
from the reservoir. Assume that the pressure increases at a uniform
rate and that there is no damping of the pressure wave. The pipe has
a thickness of 15 mm. Bulk modulus of water is 2.2 GPa and modulus
of elesticity of steel is 140 GPa.
• Calculate the velocity of wave pressure or celerity.
• What is the joint or combined modulus of elasticity?
• What will be the maximum rise in pressure at the valve due to water
hammer?
Problem 9
• A valve is suddenly closed in a 200 mm diameter pipe. The increase in
pressure is 700 kPa. Assuming that the pipe is rigid and the bulk
modulus of water is 2.07x10^9 N/m2. (a) Compute the celerity of the
pressure wave. (b) Compute the maximum discharge. (c) If the length
of the pipe is 800m long., compute the water hammer pressure at the
valve if it is closed in 3 sec.
Problem 10
• Determine the height of water that could rise on the vertical side of
the dam having a triangular section 24m high and 12m wide at the
base so that the max intensity of pressures at the toe is twice the
average pressure at the base. Neglect hydrostatic uplift. Weight of
masonry is 2,400 kg/m3
Problem 11
• Figure shows a section of a masonry dam
resting on a pervious foundation and 4m 2m

subjected to water pressure. Specific


gravity of masonry is 2.4. Assume that the
path of percolation follows the line of 4m

contact between the foundation and the


masonry and sheet piles. If the drop in the
hydraulic gradient is directly proportional
to the length of percolation, determine the 4m

magnitude of the vertical component of


the foundation reaction per linear meter of
dam
Problem 12
• Water is acting on the vertical side of a
trapezoidal masonry dam, 2m wide at
the top, 15 meters wide at the bottom
and 20 meters high. What is the
permissible height of the water, if the
allowable compressive stress at the
toe is 3.52 kg/cm2? Assume that there
is no water pressure underneath the
dam. Concrete weighs 2400 kg/m3
and density of water is one gram per
cubic centimetre

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