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Lesson 3: Institutional Perspective

The document discusses different types of institutions that shape society, including government institutions, economic institutions, and civil society organizations. It describes how government institutions are formed through social contracts and set rules and regulations that motivate and restrict behavior. Economic institutions like the free market help guide economic decisions while civil society organizations operate outside government to represent communities and promote social welfare issues. Examples of civil society groups mentioned include NGOs, social movements, interest groups, and local/international organizations and non-organizations.

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Caselyn Magat Buzon
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375 views3 pages

Lesson 3: Institutional Perspective

The document discusses different types of institutions that shape society, including government institutions, economic institutions, and civil society organizations. It describes how government institutions are formed through social contracts and set rules and regulations that motivate and restrict behavior. Economic institutions like the free market help guide economic decisions while civil society organizations operate outside government to represent communities and promote social welfare issues. Examples of civil society groups mentioned include NGOs, social movements, interest groups, and local/international organizations and non-organizations.

Uploaded by

Caselyn Magat Buzon
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LESSON 3 : INSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE

 Core establishments that bind people toward a specific advocacy or goal.


 The citizens are bound by these institutions that have been significant in the formation of
mores, norms, and rules we abide by everyday.
 Grand social structures made up by individuals which, when viewed as a whole, exhibit
patterns of behavior that create conventions and norms in our society.
 These structures help mold our social behaviors and guide us in our future choices.
 Sets patterns of behavior by motivating and restricting conduct by set of rules and
regulations.
 Our actions are continually being subjected to this dynamic of restraint and motivation,
thereby creating a semblance of order and control and the formation of hierarchy and
roles.
 Government Institutions - Social contract : is an agreement between a master and a
subordinate under prescribed rules of conduct and rights; it stems from the assumption
that humans are born into a state of nature which is a condition devoid of social or
political links.
 Economic Institutions - Invisible hand coined by dam Smith; guides its decision within
a free-market economy thereby creating an efficient system; used by free-market
advocates like Milton Freidman and Friedrich Hayek to denounce the restrictive trade
rules and regulation
 We are all part of this market system. Institutions are the result of our collective
behavioral patterns.
 Microeconomics - is concerned about the behavior of individual actors and their patterns
of consumption; it focuses on individual agents and patterns of decision-making.
 Macroeconomics - deals with how individual agent’s collective actions correspond to the
whole.
 They are not mutually exclusive to the other. The community is seen as a web of market
dualities played through scarcity and surplus.
 Unions - Protect their welfare and rights.
 Economic Bubbles - Created by market abnormalities; actors should be quick in aiding
these disruption to avoid class conflict or market crashes.
 Volatility - Lack of regulative systems will open vulnerabilities used to have a definitive
advantage, creating distribution inequalities across economic classes.

LESSON 4 : CIVIL SOCIETY PERSPECTIVE

 Commonly referred to as the “third sector”


 Combination of organizations, establishments, and individuals that operate outside the
influence of the governmental institution.
 All about community service; Values of charity and altruism - proactive participation,
and volunteerism.
 Embodies aggregate dynamics of actors, compose the societal zeitgeist (mood of a
particular period of history as shown by the ideas and beliefs of the time) of a particular
era.
 Manifestation - Based on customs and norms, diversity.
 Role - Operate outside the control of the state and government but work the fulfilment of
the same ends. Check the power of institutions; representation.

**NGO (**Non-governmental organizations)

 A clear representation of how civil society groups once they achieve a semblance of
identity, order, and social capital, can be a force in terms of lobbying and promotion of
their interest.
 Play within the rules and regulations set by the state and reinforce structures, and
promote change and reinforce social welfare.
 Characteristics : organized, voluntary, needs-oriented.

Social Movements

 Groups that exist for a sole purpose or issue and tend to fizzle out once it is attained.
 These movements are grand and sweeping in its scale, their impact is mostly short-lived
and fragile.
 Exist through the sheer will of their members in spreading their concerns in various
platforms
o Examples - Flash gatherings, rallies
 High mobility is another core strength
 They seek to challenge the status quo by proposing a substitute, altering current trends, or
totally fighting against conventions to set a new standard
 Have a more direct impact to society then NGOs, but the impact is quite polarizing
because of the progressive nature of the ideas they seek to advance.
 Represent the collective disdain of individuals and groups against a prevailing system or
idea and are considered by many as more radical
 Coerce other institutions via more aggressive means, from pickets and rallies to civil
disobedience, to show their dissent
 Characteristics - informal, issue-based, and progressive.
 Dynamics - initiating event, spreading knowledge, spreading activism, mobilizing,
organizing.

Interest Groups

 By-product of interconnections across societal actors.


 Composed of multiple civil society groups that share a common agenda.
 Coalitions are formed from these concerns.
 Has bigger scope and social capital than if they were to push their agenda in separate
groups.
 Invites formal groups to join them and welcome the support of social movements because
of their importance in building critical mass to push public agenda toward their favor.

LOCAL (Government Organization)


 It is a state agency that is directly appointed by the government to carry out its duties for
a specified goal.
 It is considered to be permanent as long as the state deems it is necessary.
 Government organizations are led by either an appointed personnel or a career official
from their own rank.
 These are funded by public funds. Central to their agenda is to deliver services to the
public.
 Example: DSWD

LOCAL (Non- Government Organization)

 It exist outside the control of the state and mostly have a specific concern or problem.
 They strive to solve society’s problems by engaging them from the bottom up, thus
making their projects more rooted to the community than other organizations.
 They support their operations through donations and contributions from the public.
 Example: Gawad Kalinga

INTERNATIONAL (International Organization)

 International organizations are institutions that are broader than the NGOs and
government organizations.
 They cover a wide array of issues including global concerns such as poverty,
malnutrition, and environment.
 They have international membership and their coverage also goes beyond state borders or
global.
 International organizations solicit its operational budget from its members states and
groups.
 Example: United Nations

INTERNATIONAL (International Non-Organization)

 It covers global concerns and their operations go beyond states.


 They do not have the support of other actors.
 They are reinforced by other groups, philanthropists, and pressure groups that share their
own sentiments and advocacies.
 While their operations are global, their advocacies are more specific, direct, and issue-
based.
 Example: Greenpeace

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