LEVEL OF OCCUPATIONAL HAZARD EXPOSURE AMONG WELDERS IN

BARANGAY CALUMPANG: ITS IMPLICATION TOWARDS SAFETY

PRACTICES
__________________

A Research Project
Presented to the Research Council

________________

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

For TVL Track Senior High school Curriculum

______________

BY:

AUSA, Jonard
BETITO, Cindy
CANANIA, Airah Mae
DEDICATORIA, Ayessa Marie
GUIABAL, Marjhon
LAYANG, Ben
SULLIVAN, Jeric

GRADE 12/SMAW
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
GENERAL SANTOS CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Calumpang, Gen. Santos City

March 2019
 LEVEL OF OCCUPATIONAL HAZARD EXPOSURE AMONG WELDERS
IN BARANGAY CALUMPANG: ITS IMPLICATION TOWARDS SAFETY
PRACTICES

A Research Project
_______________________

AUSA, Jonard
BETITO, Cindy
CANANIA, Airah Mae
DEDICATORIA, Ayessa Marie
GUIABAL, Marjhon
LAYANG, Ben
SULLIVAN, Jeric

GRADE 12- METAL ARC

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
GENERAL SANTOS CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
CALUMPANG, GENERAL SANTOS CITY

March 2019
 Table of Contents
Page
TITLE PAGE i
APPROVAL SHEET ii
ABSTRACT iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT v

Chapter I: Introduction 1
Background of the Study 1
Statement of the Problem 2
Scope and Delimitation 2
Significance of the Study 3

Chapter II: Review of Related Literature and Studies 4

Related Literature 4
Related Studies 9
Research Gap 13

Chapter III: Methodology 14

Design 14
Respondents 14
Locale of the Study 15
Data Collection 16
Sampling 16
Instrumentation 16
Statistical Treatment 17
Operationalization of Variables 17
Chapter IV PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

OF DATA 19

Chapter V SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUTIONS

AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary 22

Conclusions 22

Recommendations 23

References 24

Appendices

A. A Survey Questionnaire 27

B. Letter to the Principal 29

C. Letter of Approval 30

D. Letter of Validator 31

E. Validation Sheet 32

Curriculum Vitae 34
 LIST OF TABLE

Tables Page

1 Profile of Welders in Brgy. Calumpang 19

Number of Years in Service

2 Profile of Welders in Brgy. Calumpang 19

Proper Training Attended

3 Level of Occupational Hazards 20

 LIST OF FIGURE

Figure Page

1 Map of locale of the study 15

 Abstract

This study entitled “Level of Occupational Hazards Exposure among Welders in

Barangay Calumpang: Its Implication Towards Safety Practices”.It described the

level of occupational hazards exposure among welders. This study utilized a

descriptive research design to describe the profile and the level of occupational

hazards exposure of 30 welders who were selected through quota sampling. The

chosen respondents were the welders of Barangay Calumpang. The findings of

the study were interpreted through the use of weighted mean and frequency

count as a statistical tool. The result showed that the welders are moderately

exposed to occupational hazards. It is recommended that welders must have

more information about the different occupational hazards through seminar and

training.
 Acknowledgement

The researchers would like to extend their deepest gratitude to the

following people who contributed in making this study achievable.

First and foremost, to the Almighty God, who gives strength and guidance

through their journey in making this research.

Second, to their ever supportive parents, for their support financially,

spiritually and emotionally. Without them, they cannot survive.

Third, to the respondents, who became a big part in achieving this

research study. Without their responses, this study is impossible.

Fourth, to their classmates, who helped when they tend to know

something that the researchers do not know and are really needed in the study.

Fifth, to the teachers and validators, who checked and validated the

research questionnaires and made suggestions to make the study better.

Lastly, to their Research coach, for her guidance and suggestion which

made this study a successful one.

- The Researchers
 Chapter I
INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Occupational hazard is an injury resulting from the work one does or from

the environment in which one works. According to Sabito et al(2019) there are

about 250 million cases of work-related injuries per year worldwide. One of the

jobs that contribute to these occupational injuries is non-industrial welding. Some

of the hazards include ultraviolet (UV) and infrared radiation (IR) exposure,

fumes and particulate generation thermal burns, occupational heat stress

exposure to electromagnetic fields and electrocution.

Similarly, the excessive lightning (glare) and exposure to UV radiation may

lead to “arc eye” injuries to the cornea, photokeratosis and double vision and

consequent retinal damage. Welders are also exposed to noxious metal fumes

containing a cocktail of metal like zinc, copper, cobalt, nickel, chromium,

platinum, and their oxides leading to various respiratory dysfunctions and

influenza like condition called metal fumes fever.

According to Taduse et al. (2016), the number of occupation accidents

and disease are increasing in developing countries. It has been estimated that

over 120 million occupational audience with over 200,000 fatalities occur each in

these countries.

Subsaharan, Africa appears to have the greatest rate followed by Asia.

There were an estimated 42 million occupational accidents with over 54,000

fatalities, 4.3million occupational accidents with over 5,596 fatalities annually.

These gave accidents and fatality rate of 16, 426 and 21.5 per 1,000 workers

respectively.

A study by Tadesse et al. (2016), revealed that the level of awareness

occupational hazards among welders was high. However, this does not mean

that there will be no use for further strengthening of the safety measures as

significant proportions of the workers still had low. Intervention to boost workers

awareness of occupational hazards should focus on areas, such as provision of

safety trainings, promotion of safety advocacy and enforcement of appropriate

workplace safety regulation.

With all these findings, the researches would like to determine the level of

occupational hazards experienced by welders in General Santos City.

Statement of the Problem

This study determined the profile of welders and the level of occupational

hazards exposure among welders in Bgry. Calumpang.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of welders in Brgy.Calumpang, in terms of:

1.1 number of years in service? and;

1.2 proper training attended?

2. What is the level of occupational hazards exposure among welders in

Brgy. Calumpang?

3. What is the implication of level of occupational hazards exposure

among welders towards safety practices?

Scope and Limitation

This study determined the profile of welding shops and the level of

occupational hazards exposure among welders in Brgy. Calumpang, General

Santos City. The respondents of this study were the welders in Brgy. Calumpang,

General Santos City.

Significanceof the Study

This study would establish an understanding on the relationship between

the profile and the level of occupational hazards experienced by welders in their

workplace. This study could be a great importance to the following:

Welders.The outcome of this study would give them some knowledge

about occupational hazards in the workplace.

Welding Shop Owners. This paper would help them ensure that their

workplace is safe for the welders.

SMAW Students. The result of the study would provide them information

to avoid occupational hazards.

SMAW Teachers. This referred to know the level of occupational hazards

exposure of welders would definitely help the teachers improve their knowledge

especially in doing workshop activities.

Community. This study would help them provide information about

occupational hazards and be aware of those hazards in welding.

Researchers. The fulfilment of this study is not only for academic

requirements, but also for them to understands the occupational hazards

experienced by welders in the workplace.

 Future Researchers. The result may be used as a reference data in

conducting new studies related to the level of occupational hazards experienced

by welders in the workplace.

 Chapter II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter contains information that support and expounds the study about

level of occupational hazards experienced by welders in the workplace.

A.Related Literature

According to Gautam et. al (2015), an occupational hazard contributes to

severe health problems among workers due to unhygienic conditions and lack of

safety at the workplace. Economic growth and productivity can be well achieved

by promoting health, safety, and improved quality workplace. To assess the

knowledge of occupational hazards, use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

and the factors associated with awareness on occupational hazards among

automobile repair artisans in Kathmandu, Nepal. A quantitative descriptive cross-

sectional study with 400 automobile repair artisans from Kathmandu metropolitan

city was conducted between March and September, 2015. Simple random

sampling was adopted for recruiting study participants. Pre-tested, validated

semi-structured questionnaire was used in line with study objectives to collect the

data. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify factors associated

with the awareness of occupational hazard and PPE use. Of total, 56% had

awareness on occupational hazard and 44.3% of artisans were using the

personal protective equipments. Being educated, having job duration ≥6 years

and having pre-service training for work were significantly associated with the

awareness of occupational hazards. Notably, we found that those who were

aware of occupational hazard (OR = 3.01, 95% CI: 1.98–4.57) were three times
more likely to use the safety measures when compared to those who were

unaware. Awareness on occupational hazard and use of PPE is very low among

automobile repair artisans in Kathmandu, Nepal. Therefore, interventions on

awareness raising on areas, like provision of pre-service training, promotion of

safety advocacy, and enforcement of appropriate regulations for work place.

According to Gambo (2015), welding is associated with various inherent

occupational hazards. These hazards may lead to acute and chronic health

effects. A health effect are these that usually occur rapidly as result of short term

expose to hazards and a short duration.

Moreover, Mjonja (2017) stated that major hazards welders can encounter

if danger are overloaded include fumes and gases are rays and sparks, and

electric shock. The thermal effect can cause agglomeration of the particles into

particle chains and cluster that can be deposited in the human respiratory tract.

Most of the fume particles are less than I mission in diameter when produced, but

they tend to grow in size with time due to agglomeration (I). Arc welding

produces the full spectrum of ultraviolet radiation (UVR). It is possible that

welders are greater risk of developing skin causes than the general population.

Furthermore, thermal burns from hot metal can occurs when welding contribute

to increased risk of developing actinic skin and ocular damage (7). Electric shock

from welding and cutting equipment can occur in death or severe burns. Addition

various injury can occur it the welder falls as a result of the

According to Flynn and Susi (2012) welders may be exposed to a variety

of toxic air borne contaminant’s including, manganese (Mn) and hexavalent

chromium (Cr-VL). Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV) eliminates or reduces the

fraction of contaminant that makes it into the breathing zone and may induce a

flow of clean air for additional protection.

According toVenkatesh et al(2017), welding is an occupation associated

with tremendous physical and chemical hazards. In spite of the risk involved,

usage of Personal Protective Gears (PPGs) among welders in developing

countries has been reported to be poor, due to their limited awareness of

occupational hazards. Aim: To assess morbidity pattern, awareness of

occupational hazards and usage practices of protective gears among welders.

Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted at welding sites

from unorganized sector situated in and around Mangalore. A total of 155

welders chosen randomly from as many sites were interviewed at their workplace

using a pilot tested structured interview schedule with both closed and open

ended questions. Clinical examination of the participant and inspection of the

work site was also done by the investigators. Statistical analysis used for

analysis was Chi-Square test, unpaired t-test and ANOVA test. Results: Working

>8 hours a day was reported by 30 (19.4%) welders. Overcrowding was present

at 10.3%, ventilation status was inadequate at 6.9% and exhaust ventilation was

not present at 25.9% sites. Awareness about anyone occupational health

hazards associated with welding was present among 97(62.6%) welders.

Periodicity of medical examination was associated with awareness of

occupational hazards among welders (p=0.032). First aid kit was present at 60

(38.7%) sites. The most common morbidity over the past year was wounds 119
(76.8%). Non-usage of most essential protective gears such as face shields,

masks or eye goggles was seen among 18 (11.6%) welders. Mean number of

morbidities over the past one month was found to be more, in those welders

doing continuous work of ≥6 hours (p=0.05), at sites with overcrowding (p=0.002)

and at sites where >10 welders work together (p=0.031). Conclusion: The period

prevalence of morbidity was high among the welders surveyed. Ignorance of

health hazards associated with occupation and non-usage of protective gears

was reported by number of them. Therefore, health education and safety policies

need to be strengthened at welding sites.

Rockwell and Moss(2010) also mentioned that numerous industrial laser

applications where Class IV systems are required to be used in an unenclosed

manner. In such applications, there is concern for both ocular and skin hazards

caused by direct and scattered laser radiation, as well as potential hazards

caused by the optical radiation created by the laser beam's interaction with the

metal (i.e. the plume radiation). Radiant energy measurements are reported for

both the scattered laser radiation and the resultant plume radiations which were

produced during typical unenclosed Class IV Neodymium-YAG laser welding

processes. Evaluation of the plume radiation was done with both radiometric and

spectroradiometric measurement equipment. The data obtained were compared

to applicable safety standards.

According to Rahman et. al (2004), an attempt is made to describe the

ocular surface injury by foreign body among the people those who are working in

welding, grinding, hammering factory. Corneal foreign body which is usually iron
in nature is the most common problem among the people those who are working

in these factories. Clinical presentation, clinical pictures, and management are

discussed. Corneal foreign body is a common cause of ocular morbidity and loss

of working hour in the work place. Most of the victims do not use protective glass

during work. We conclude that protective glass will useful in reduction of these

accidents and alertness of both ophthalmologists and their patients are

necessary.

Moreover, Lewis et al.(2003), approximately one million workers

worldwide perform welding as part of their work duties. Electric arc welding

processes produce metal fumes and gases which may be harmful to exposed

workers.This review summarizes human and animals studies which have

examined the effect of welding fume exposure on respiratory health. An

extensive search of the scientific and occupational health literature was

performed, acquiring published articles which examined the effects of welding on

all aspects of worker and laboratory animal health. The databases accessed

included PubMed, Ovid, NIOSHTIC, and TOXNET.Pulmonary effects observed in

full-time welders have included metal fume fever, airway irritation, lung function

changes, susceptibility to pulmonary infection, and a possible increase in the

incidence of lung cancer. Although limited in most cases, animal studies have

tended to support the findings from epidemiologic studies.Despite the numerous

studies on welding fumes, incomplete information still exists regarding the

causality and possible underlying mechanisms associated with welding fume

inhalation and pulmonary disease. The use of animal models and the ability to
control the welding fume exposure in toxicology studies could be utilized in an

attempt to develop a better understanding of how welding fumes affect

pulmonary health.

Based on Sharifan et al (2009), welding is one of the key components of

numerous manufacturing industries, which has potential physical and chemical

health hazards. Many components of welding fumes can potentially affect the

lung function. This study investigates the effects of welding fumes on lung

function and respiratory symptoms among welders of an automobile

manufacturing plant in Iran. This historical cohort study assesses 43 male

welders and 129 office workers by a questionnaire to record demographic data,

smoking habits, work history and respiratory symptoms as well as lung function

status by spirometry. The average pulmonary function values of welders were

lower relative to controls with dose-effect relationship between work duration and

pulmonary function impairment. The prevalence of chronic bronchitis was higher

in welders than controls. Our findings suggest that welders are at risk for

pulmonary disease.

B. Related Studies

According to Kumar et. al (2014), injuries among welders are an important

health issue in metal industries at global level. The study aimed to assess the

prevalence and pattern of injuries and its possible associated risk factors among

welders. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 209 welders in metal

industries of Puducherry, coastal south India. Data regarding all types of injuries

during the past 1 year were collected by administering a pre-designed

questionnaire. The various risk factors associated with injuries that include age,

training before induction, experience, job duration, tobacco chewing, alcohol use

and use of protective measures were assessed using standard questionnaire.

The data was analyzed by univariate and multiple logistic regression

analysis.Majority of subjects were aged between 20 and 40 years (160, 76.6%)

and educated below 10 th standard (181, 86.6%). Mean number of injury was

found to be 10.74 (SD = 5.74) in the preceding year. All of them had more than 2

injuries and 44% (92) of them had more than 10 injuries. All of them had

abrasions and more than three fourths of them had each of lacerations, foreign

body in the eye, flash burns and contusions. Multiple logistic regression analysis

showed that age less than 30 years (OR = 5.19), tobacco use (OR = 2.56),

alcohol use (OR = 3.96) and institutional training (OR = 0.10) were the predictors

associated with more than 10 injuries among welders. Injury among welders is

an important health problem in this area. Strategies for strengthening institutional

training for younger age groups may help in decreasing the burden of injuries.

Based on Hannu et. al ( 2005), two cases of OA caused by manual metal-arc

welding on SSS. In both cases, the diagnosis of OA was based on respiratory

symptoms, occupational exposure and positive findings in the specific challenge

tests. In the first case, a 46-yr-old welder had experienced severe dyspnoea

while welding SSS (SMO steel), but not in other situations. Challenge tests with

both mild steel and stainless steel using a common electrode were negative.

Welding SSS with a special electrode caused a delayed 37% drop in forced

expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). In the second case, a 34-yr-old male
had started to experience dyspnoea during the past few years, while welding

especially SSS (Duplex steel). The workplace peak expiratory flow monitoring

was suggestive of OA. Challenge tests with both mild steel and stainless steel

using a common electrode did not cause bronchial obstruction. Welding SSS with

a special electrode caused a delayed 31% drop in FEV 1. In conclusion, exposure

to manual metal-arc welding fumes of special stainless steel should be consider

as a new cause of occupational asthma.

According to Dudarewicz et al (2016), The aim of the study was to assess the

hearing threshold levels (HTLs) in employees exposed to noise generated by

low-frequency ultrasonic technological equipment in comparison with the HTLs of

workers exposed to audible noise at the similar A-weighted equivalent-

continuous sound pressure level. The study includes measurements of ultrasonic

and audible noise at workplaces and hearing tests, i.e. conventional pure-tone

audiometry and extended high-frequency audiometry. The study group

comprised 90 workers, aged 41.4±10.0 years (mean±SD), exposed for 17.3±9.8

years to noise generated by ultrasonic devices at mean daily noise exposure

level (‹L.

Isah and Okojie(2007), emphasized that welding exposes welders to a

variety of work-related hazards, which may be deleterious to their health. The

awareness of these hazards and the attitude towards them are important factors

in the prevention of these hazards among the welders. This study assessed the

level of awareness of the hazards, the work-related health complaints and the

safety measures employed by the welders in a Nigerian setting. The study was
carried out in Benin City, the capital of one the 36 States of Nigeria and was of a

cross sectional design. A total sample of the welders was identified from a list of

registered workshops and they were interviewed using semi-structured

interviewer-administered questionnaires.

Based on Popovića et. al. (2014), welding is the principal industrial process

used for joining metals, but at the same time, it’s the significant source of toxic

fumes and gases emission. With the advent of new types of welding procedures

and consumables, the number of welders exposed to welding fumes is growing

constantly in spite of the mechanisation and automation of the process. Having in

mind that, in some cases, toxic fumes and gases can be over the respective

limits for toxic substances, one of the most important requirements for chosen

welding procedure is its harmlessness to the environment. The health aspects

associated with welding are complex and the industry is continuing its research

to evaluate the effects of the welder’s exposure to typical constituents of welding

fumes and gases, as well as its impact on what concerns climatic changes. The

aim of this paper is to estimate the influence of the type of filler material on the

emission of toxic substances, and to show the potential hazards.

Based on Cezar-Vaz et.al(2012), this study's aim was to assess the

perceptions of welding apprentices concerning welding fumes being associated

with respiratory and cardiovascular disorders and assess the implementation of

risk communication as a primary prevention tool in the welding training process.

This quasi-experimental, non-randomized study with before-and-after design was

conducted with 84 welding apprentices in Southern Brazil. Poisson Regression

analysis was used. Relative Risk was the measure used with a 95% confidence

interval and 5% (p ≤ 0.05) significance level. Significant association was found

between perceptions of worsened symptoms of respiratory disorders caused by

welding fumes and educational level (p = 0.049), the use of goggles to protect

against ultraviolet rays (p = 0.023), and access to services in private health

facilities without insurance coverage (p = 0.001). Apprentices younger than 25

years old were 4.9 times more likely to perceive worsened cardiovascular

symptoms caused by welding fumes after risk communication (RR = 4.91; CI

95%: 1.09 to 22.2). The conclusion is that risk communication as a primary

preventive measure in continuing education processes implemented among

apprentices, who are future welders, was efficacious. Thus, this study confirms

that risk communication can be implemented as a primary prevention tool in

welding apprenticeships.

A study by Tadesse et al.(2016) mentioned that the use of personal

protective equipment is one of the important measures to safeguard workers

from exposure to occupational hazards, especially in developing countries. An

institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among textile factory

workers at Hawassa Town, southern Ethiopia from January to March 2014.

Stratified sampling followed by simple random sampling techniques was used to

select the total of 660 study participants. A pre-tested and structured

questionnaire was used to collect data. The magnitude of personal protective

equipment utilization was 82.4 %. Service duration of >10 years [AOR: 0.23, 95

% CI: (0.09, 0.58)], availability of personal protective equipments [AOR: 21.73,

95 % CI: (8.62, 54.79)], shift work [AOR: 2.28, 95 % CI: (1.12, 4.66)], alcohol

drinking [AOR: 0.26, 95 % CI: (0.10, 0.66)], and cigarette smoking [AOR: 0.20,

95 % CI: (0.05, 0.78)] were factors significantly associated with use of personal

protective equipment. Interventions to promote use personal protective

equipment should focus on areas, such as service duration, availability of

protective equipment, presence of shift work, and control of substance abuse.

C. Research Gap

According to Gambo (2015), welding is associated with various inherent

occupational hazards. These hazards may lead to acute and chronic health

effects. A health effect are these that usually occur rapidly as result of short term

expose to hazards and a short duration.

This study identified the gap that the review of related study failed to

mention the level of occupational hazards. So the researchers aimed to have a

further discussion.
 Chapter III
METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the methods to be used by the researchers in the

conduct of the study. It pertains to the research design, research respondents,

sampling design, locale of the study, research instrumentation, data gathering

procedure and statistical treatment that will be utilized in this study.

Design

This study used a descriptive type of research. It describes the profile of

welding shops and the level of occupational hazards exposureamong welders in

Brgy. Calumpang.

Descriptive research is used to describe characteristics of a population or

phenomenon being studied. Primarily focuses on describing the nature of

a demographic segment, without focusing on “why” a certain phenomenon

occurs.

Respondents

The respondents of this study were the 30 welders currently assigned in

the identified welding shops in Barangay Calumpang, General Santos City.

Locale of the Study

This study would be conducted to Barangay Calumpang, as one of the

Barangay in the city of General Santos.Calumpang is constituted as a separate

Barangay on last March 8, 1999 by virtue of plebiscite of the residents of its

mother Barangay Labangal, General Santos City. Additionally, among the 26

barangays comprising General Santos City, Barangay Calumpang is the most

populous. Based on the 2010 Census of Population and Housing (CPH), It’s

population size was 12.5 percent of the total population of the city. The

respondents of this study were be the 30 welders of Brgy. Calumpang.

Figure1. Map of the Location of the Study

Sampling

This study used quota sampling to allow the researchers to sample a

subgroup that is of great interestto thestudy. If a study aims to investigate a trait

or a characteristic of a certain subgroup, this type of samplingis the ideal

technique to determine the respondents who will be taken from the different

welding shops in Barangay Calumpang, General Santos City.

Instrumentation

In this study, the researchers wouldutilized a researchers-made survey-

questionnaire to determine the profile of the welders in terms of number of years

in service and proper training attended and level of occupational hazards

exposure among welders in the workplace. The questionnaire will have

statements which will be validated by experts in this field.

Data Collection

The following steps were done to gather the necessary data:

1. The researchers sent a letter to the Principal of General Santos City

National High School to conduct the study.

2. After the approval, the researchers gathered the respondents and conduct

orientation.

3. Upon orientation, the researchers distributed the questionnaire to the

respondents.

4. Retrieval of questionnaire then followed.

5. The researchers tallied the responses of the respondents for analysis.

 6. Data results were analyzed and interpreted according to the objectives

ofthis study.

Statistical Treatment

To answer SOP 1, frequency count or percentage was utilized to describe

the profile of welding shops in terms of number of years in service and proper

training attended.

To answer SOP 2, weighted mean was used to describe the level of

occupational hazards exposure among welders in Brgy. Calumpang.

Operationalization of Variables

Number of Years in Service. It is commonly used for recording working

experience within an employee's profession. Specifically, it refers to the length of

employment of welders.

Occupational Hazards Exposure.An occupational hazard is a hazard

experienced in the workplace. Occupational hazards can encompass many types

of hazards, including chemical hazards, biological hazards, psychosocial

hazards, and physical hazards.

Proper Training Attended. Teaching, or developing in oneself or others, any

skills and knowledge that relate to specific useful competencies. Training has

specific goals of improving one's capability, capacity, productivity and

performance.

Safety Practices. It refers to the action that the welders do their respective

workplace. In this study, it refers to the usual safety measures that welders do to

protect their live as well be productive.

Welders. It refers to the personwhospecializes in fusing materials together.

Welding Shops. It refers to location when someone works for his or her

employer. In this study, it refers to the welding shops located in the area of Brgy.

Calumpang, General Santos City.

 Chapter IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter presents the summary of results gathered from the respondents of

the study conducted by the researchers. The following are the results which

answered the questions and inquires stated in the previous chapter.

Table 1.A
Profile of Welders in Brgy. Calumpang

A. Number of Years in Service

Profile Frequency Percentage
1-12 months 3 10%
2-5 years 14 46.67%
6-9 years 10 33.33%
10-13 years 3 10%
14-17 years 5 16.67%
Total 30 100%

Table 1A presents the number of years in service of welders in Brgy.

Calumpang. Frequency Count and Percentage were used to analyse and

interpretthe data. The most number of years in service is 2-5 years which got a

frequency of 14 and had a percentage of 46.67%. Datashowed that 14 or 46.67%

of the respondents worked as a welder for 2-5 years the less number of years in

service are the 1-12 months and 10-13 years had a frequency of 3 and a

percentage of 10%.

Table 1B
Profile of Welders in Brgy. Calumpang

B.Proper Training Attended

 Profile Frequency Percentage
TESDA 1 10%
No proper training attended 29 90%
Total 30 100%

Table1.B presents the proper training attended by welders in Brgy.

Calumpang. Frequency Count and Percentage was used to analyze and interpret

the data.As showed in the table,there were following statements that address the

proper training attended which it obtained a total frequency of 30 and total

percentage of 100%. The highest number of frequency is no proper training

attended who have got a 29 and had a percentage of 90%. The less number of

frequencies is TESDA who have got 1 and a percentage of 10%.

Table 2

Level of Occupational Hazards

Indicators Mean SD Remarks

1.I am exposed to electrocution. 3.4 1.14 Moderate

2. I am exposed to slug in welding which may cause burns. 3.43 1.02 Moderate
3. I am exposed in getting eye contact with the welding 3.53 0.95 Moderate
fumes.
4. I am exposed to inhalation at welding fumes gases. 3.06 0.96 Moderate
5. I am exposed to excessive noise which may lead to 3.43 0.91 Moderate
hearing loss.
6. I am exposed to oil spillage on the floor. 2.53 0.84 Moderate
7. I am exposed to sharp objects which may cause wounds. 3.1 0.94 Moderate

8. I am exposed to metals which may fall on me. 3.06 0.99 Moderate

9. I am exposed to machine and metals. 2.96 0.91 Moderate

10. I am exposed to welding radiation. 3.3 0.9 Moderate

Overall Mean 3.18 0.53 Moderate

Table 2 reveals the level of occupational hazards exposure of welders in

Barangay Calumpang. Weighted mean was also used to analyze and interpret

the data.

Based on the table shown above, the weighted mean is 3.18,which means

that most of respondents are moderately exposed to occupational hazards in the

workplace. The statement with the highest mean in the statements is statement 3

with a mean of 3.53, which means that they are moderately exposed to getting

eye contact with the fumes. The lowest mean 2.53 in the statement number 6

means that they are also moderately exposed to oil spillage on the floor.
 Chapter V
SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary of the study, the findings, the

conclusions and the recommendations.

Summary

This study attempted to determine the profile of welders and the level of

occupational hazards exposure among welders in Brgy. Calumapng. Specifically,

it sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of welders in Brgy. Calumpang, in terms of:

1.1 number of years in service? and;

1.2 proper training attended?

2. What is the level of occupational hazards exposure among welders in Brgy.

Calumpang?

Findings

Based on the data collected and analysed, the following are the results of

the study:

1. Based on the data gathered , 14 out of 30 or 46.67% of the respondents

worked as a welder for 2-5 years in Brgy. Calumpang, General Santos City.

2. The result showedthat 99% of the welders in Brgy. Calumpang, General

Santos City have no proper training in welding.

3. It is found out that the welders in Brgy. Calumpang are moderately exposed

to occupational hazards in the workplace.

Conclusions

The following conclusions were drawn by the researchers based on the findings

of the study:

1. Most welders in Brgy. Calumpang are not seasoned or experienced welders.

2. Most welders have not attended proper training but they developed their
skills through experiences.
3. The safety of welders are at risk since they are exposed to occupational

hazards in the workplace.

Recommendations

1. Welders should attend trainings and seminar to have more experience in

welding.

2. There shall be livelihood training for the community of Brgy. Calumpang

especially those who do not have a proper training or education.

3. Welders must have more information about level of occupational hazard

exposure through seminar and training.

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Nepal
 CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal Information:

Name: JONARD AUSA

Sex: Male
Age: 18 years old
Address: Prk.New Bohol Calumpang General Santos City

Date of Birth: April 23, 2000

Place of Birth: Patuco Sarangani Davao Occidental

Contact None
Number:
E-mail [email protected]
Address:
Mother’s Jocelyn Ausa
Name:
Mother’s None
Occupation:
Father’s Name: Armando Ausa
Father’s
Farmer
Occupation:
Educational Background:

Pre-school: Patuco Daycare Center

Elementary: Patuco Elementary School

Junior High
General Santos City National High School
School:
Senior High
General Santos City National High School
School:

Achievements/Organizations:

2018-2019: Classroom Top Achiever

2018-2019: Classroom Top Achiever
2018-2019: Classroom Top Achiever
Learning Insights:
 CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal Information:

Name: CINDY O. BETITO

Sex: Female

Age: 18 years old

Address: Zone 7 blk 0 Brgy Fatima, General Santos City

Date of Birth: October 6, 2000

Place of Birth: Matinabangon Labangal G,S,C

Contact None
Number:
E-mail [email protected]
Address:
Mother’s Amalia O. Betito
Name:
Mother’s none
Occupation:
Father’s Name: Mario B. Betito(deceased)
Father’s Police
Occupation:
Educational Background:

Pre-school: Uhaw Daycare Center

Elementary: Upper Tambler Elementary School

Junior High
General Santos City National High School
School:
Senior High
General Santos City National High School
School:
Achievements/Organizations:

2018-2019: Classroom Top Achiever

2018-2019: Classroom Top Achiever
2018-2019: Classroom Top Achiever
Learning Insights:
I learned that I cannot do this with myself only.
 CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal Information:

Name: AIRAH MAE CANANIA

Sex: Female
Age: 18 years old
Address: Zone 1 Purok Saeg Calumpang, General Santos City
Date of Birth: May 11, 2000
Place of Birth: General Santos City
Contact
09091276878
Number:
E-mail
[email protected]
Address:
Mother’s
Wilma C. Ramos
Name:
Mother’s
None
Occupation:
Father’s Name: Arturo T. Talaid
Father’s
Fisherman
Occupation:
Educational Background:

Pre-school: Day Care Saeg Calumpang, General Santos City

Elementary: Calumpang Central Elementary
Junior High
General Santos City National High School
School:
Senior High
General Santos City National High School
School:

Achievements/Organizations:

2018-2019: None
2018-2019: None
2018-2019: None
Learning Insights:
I never dream of success. I word for it.
 CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal Information:

Name: AYESSA MARIE A. DEDICATORIA

Sex: Female
Age: 17 years old
Address: Prk. 19 Blk 5 Lot 10 Brgy. Fatima Uhaw, General Santos City
Date of Birth: July 09, 2001
Place of Birth: General Santos City
Contact
09488142752
Number:
E-mail
[email protected]
Address:
Mother’s
Adela A. Dedicatoria
Name:
Mother’s
none
Occupation:
Father’s Name: Regino A. dedicatoria Jr.
Father’s
Tricycle Driver
Occupation:
Educational Background:

Pre-school: NONE
Elementary: Fatima Central Elementary School
Junior High
General Santos City National High School
School:
Senior High
General Santos City National High School
School:

Achievements/Organizations:
2018-2019: Classroom Top Achiever
2018-2019: Classroom Top Achiever
2018-2019: Classroom Top Achiever
Learning Insights:
Research taught me how to communicate with my groupmates, and how to unite
with them. Also teach me how to share my opinions because sharing opinions is helpful
than being silent and being useless.
 CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal Information:

Name: MARJHON GUIABAL

Sex: Male
Age: 18 years old
Address: Upper Acharon Brgy. Calumpang, General Santos City

Date of Birth: August 26, 2000

Place of Birth: South Cotabato, General Santos City

Contact None
Number:
E-mail [email protected]
Address:
Mother’s Norhaya H. Guiabal
Name:
Mother’s None
Occupation:
Father’s Name: Abdullah D. Guiabal
Father’s
Driver
Occupation:
Educational Background:
Pre-school: None
Elementary: H.N Cahilsot Central Elementary School
Junior High
General Santos City National High School
School:
Senior High
General Santos City National High School
School:

Achievements/Organizations:

2018-2019: None
2018-2019: None
2018-2019: None
Learning Insights:
I learned that never give up in your task until you finished it.
 CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal Information:

Name: BEN P.LAYANG

Sex: Male
Age: 19 years old
Address: Prk Christian Vill Calumpang, GeneralSantos City

Date of Birth: January 13, 2000

Place of Birth: Balut island, Saranggani Province

Contact 09366190860
Number:
E-mail Ben [email protected]
Address:
Mother’s Merse Detas P. Layang
Name:
Mother’s None
Occupation:
Father’s Name: Peleng P. Layang
Father’s Pension
Occupation:
Educational Background:

Pre-school: Catapang Hights Daycare

Elementary: H.N Cahilsot Central Elementary School

Junior High
General Santos City National High School
School:
Senior High
General Santos City National High School
School:
Achievements/Organizations:

2018-2019: None
2018-2019: None
2018-2019: None
Learning Insights:
I learned in making this study, that have teamwork to make it easy.
 CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal Information:

Name: JERIC SULLIVAN

Sex: Male
Age: 20 years old
Address: Lanoy Calumpang, General Santos City

Date of Birth: October 04,1998

Place of Birth: Surallah, South Cotabato

Contact
None
Number:
E-mail [email protected]
Address:
Mother’s Jocely Sullivan
Name:
Mother’s
OFW
Occupation:
Father’s Name: Rogelio Sullivan
Father’s Driver
Occupation:
Educational Background:

Pre-school: None
Elementary: H.N Cahilsot Central Elementary School
Junior High
General Santos City National High School
School:
Senior High
General Santos City National High School
School:

Achievements/Organizations:

2018-2019: None
2018-2019: None
2018-2019: None
Learning Insights:
There are lesson that can’t be acquired through books and notes. Some of the
lesson can be taught unto us by experience.
 Appendix A

Questionnnaire

LEVEL OF OCCUPATIONAL HAZARD EXPOSURE AMONG WELDERS IN

BRGY. CALUMPANG: IT’S IMPLICATION TOWARDS SAFETY PRACTICES.

Name: (Optional)____________________________________

SOP 1. What is the profile of welders in Brgy.Calumpang?

Number of years in service:____________________

Proper training attended :________________________

SOP 2.What is the level of occupational hazards exposure among welders?

Direction: Read and analyse the statements that are presented. Check the box

that corresponds to your responses. Refer to the legend below.

LEGEND

Rating Description Interpretation

5 Always Very Highly Exposed

4 Often Highly Exposed

3 Sometimes Moderately Exposed

2 Rarely Not So Exposed

1 Never Not Exposed

 Indicator 5 4 3 2 1

Occupational Hazards

22 1. I am exposed to electrocution

2. I am exposed to slug in welding which may cause burns.

3. I am exposed in getting eye contact with the welding fumes

4. I am exposed to inhalation of welding fumes and gases

5. I am exposed to excessive noise which may lead to hearing

loss.

6. I am exposed to oil spillage on the floor.

7. I am exposed to sharp objects which may cause wounds.

8. I am exposed to metals which may fall on me.

9. I am exposed to machine and metals

10. I am exposed to welding radiation

 Appendix B

Letter to the Principal

February 19, 2019

RUSTICO S. PELONIO, JR
Principal II
General Santos City National High School
Calumpang, General Santos City

Sir:

Greetings in the name of the High!

We are the Grade 12 SMAW students of this school undertaking a research

entitled: LEVEL OF OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS EXPOSURE AMONG
WELDERS IN BRGY. CALUMPANG: ITS IMPLICATION TOWARDS SAFETY
PRACTICES.

In connection with this, we would like to request permission from your good office
to allow us to go out to conduct our study to the selected welding shops in Brgy.
Calumpang.

I am looking forward for your approval. Thank you and more power.

Respectfully yours,

AYESSA MARIE A. DEDICATORIA

Group Representative

Noted by:

PEARL JOY L. JAKAR

Research Coach

Approved by:

RUSTICO S. PELONIO, JR
 Principal II

Appendix C
Letter to the Validator

February 19, 2019

____________________
____________________
General Santos City National High School

Sir/Ma'am:
We are conducting a research entitled Level of Occupational Hazard Exposure
among Welders of Brgy. Calumpang:Its Implication Towards Safety Practices. In
connection with this, we are humbly asking for your time and expertise to validate
our research questionnaire.
Attached is our statement of the problem, validation tool and questionnaire for
your review.
Thank you for your time and consideration.

Sincerely yours,

AYESSA MARIE A. DEDICATORIA

Group Representative

Noted by:

PEARL JOY L. JAKAR

Research Coach
 Appendix D
Validation Form
This instrument is designed to determine the level of occupational hazard exposure
among welders of Brgy. Calumpang and its implication towards safety practices. Kindly indicate
the validity of the questionnaire by judging it on the criteria below.
Please reflect your answers with each criteria by checking the corresponding number in the table
provided.
Criteria:
5- Very High
4- High
3- Moderate
2- Low

1. Very Low

Indicator 5 4 3 2 1

A. The item in the questionnaire gives the learners the opportunity

Adequacy to explore the use of the language.
B. The item in the questionnaire provides various experience I n
getting the needed data.
C. The item in the questionnaire evaluates skill performance.

A. The items are appropriate in getting about the subject matter.

Appropriateness B. The terms are relevant in the coming up with questions.
C. The terms used are in accordance with the understanding of the
leader.

A. The questionnaire contains questions needed in research.

Acceptability B. The questionnaire items are understandable and interesting to
learn
C. The questionnaire motivate interest in research activitie

Other comment or
suggestion

Overall mean

______________________________

Signature Over Printed Name