Short Call Butterfly

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EQUITY OPTIONS STRATEGY

Short Call Butterfly


DESCRIPTION MAX LOSS
A short call butterfly consists of two long calls at a middle strike and short one The maximum loss would occur should the underlying stock be at the middle
call each at a lower and upper strike. The upper and lower strikes (wings) must strike at expiration. In that case, the short call with the lower strike would be in-
both be equidistant from the middle strike (body), and all the options must have the-money and all the other options would expire worthless. The loss would be
the same expiration date. the difference between the lower and middle strike (the wing and the body), less
the premium received for initiating the position.
OUTLOOK
The strategy is hoping to capture a movement to outside of the wings at the MAX GAIN
expiration of the options. The maximum profit would occur should the underlying stock be outside the
wings at expiration. If the stock were below the lower strike all the options would
SUMMARY expire worthless; if above the upper strike all the options would be exercised and
This strategy tends to be successful if the underlying stock is outside the wings offset each other for a zero profit. In either case the investor would pocket the
of the butterfly at expiration. premium received for initiating the position.
MOTIVATION PROFIT/LOSS
The investor is attempting to correctly predict an upcoming move in either The potential profit and loss are both very limited. In essence, a butterfly at
direction, usually for a limited debit, if any. expiration has a minimum value of zero and a maximum value equal to the
VARIATIONS distance between either wing and the body. An investor who sells a butterfly
receives a premium somewhere between the minimum and maximum value,
Short Call Butterfly
and profits if the butterfly’s value moves toward the minimum as expiration
Net Position approaches.
+
BREAKEVEN
The strategy breaks even if at expiration the underlying stock is above the lower
strike or below the upper strike by the amount of premium received to initiate
0 the position.
50 55 60 65 70
VOLATILITY
An increase in implied volatility, all other things equal, will usually have a slightly
- positive impact on this strategy.
TIME DECAY
The passage of time, all other things equal, will usually have a negative impact on
EXEMPLE this strategy if the body of the butterfly is at-the-money, and a positive impact if
Short 1 XYZ 65 call the body is away from the money.
Long 2 XYZ 60 calls
Short 1 XYZ 55 call ASSIGNMENT RISK
The short calls that form the wings of the butterfly are subject to exercise
MAXIMUN GAIN at any time, while the investor decides if and when to exercise the body. The
Net premium received components of this position form an integral unit, and any early exercise could
be extremely disruptive to the strategy. In general, since the cost of carry makes
MAXIMUN LOSS it optimal to exercise a call option on the last day before expiration, this should
High strike - middle strike - net premium received not pose a problem. But the investor should be wary of using this strategy where
dividend situations or tax complications have the potential to intrude.
The short call butterfly and short put butterfly, assuming the same strikes and And be aware, a situation where a stock is involved in a restructuring or
expiration, will have the same payoff at expiration They may, however, vary in capitalization event, such as a merger, takeover, spin-off or special dividend,
their likelihood of early exercise should the options go into-the-money or the could completely upset typical expectations regarding early exercise of options
stock pay a dividend. on the stock.
While they have similar risk/reward profiles, this strategy differs from the long
iron butterfly in that a positive cash flow occurs up front, and any negative cash
flow is uncertain and would occur somewhere in the future.
EXPIRATION RISK RELATED POSITION
This strategy has expiration risk. If at expiration the stock is trading right at either Comparable Position: Short Put Butterfly
wing the investor faces uncertainty as to whether or not they will be assigned on Opposite Position: Long Call Butterfly
that wing. If the stock is near the upper wing, the investor will be exercising their
calls from the body and is fairly certain of being assigned on the lower wing, so
the risk is that they are not assigned on the upper wing. If the stock is near the
lower wing the investor risks being assigned at the lower wing.
The real problem with the assignment uncertainty is the risk that the investor’s
position when the market re-opens after expiration weekend is other than
expected, thus subjecting the investor to events over the weekend.

EQUITY OPTIONS STRATEGY


Short Call Butterfly

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