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Practice Problems (Chapter 5) Stoichiometry - KEY

1. The document provides examples of stoichiometry calculations involving moles, mass, particles, and gases. It gives conversion factors and sample problems involving limiting reactants and percent yield. 2. Problem 5 involves a reaction of propane and oxygen where oxygen is the limiting reactant, giving a theoretical yield of 73.9 g CO2. 3. Problem 7 balances a reaction of butane and oxygen, finds butane is limiting, and calculates a theoretical CO2 yield of 70.3 g with an actual yield of 69.2 g giving a 98.5% percent yield.

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Gracia Progella
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977 views3 pages

Practice Problems (Chapter 5) Stoichiometry - KEY

1. The document provides examples of stoichiometry calculations involving moles, mass, particles, and gases. It gives conversion factors and sample problems involving limiting reactants and percent yield. 2. Problem 5 involves a reaction of propane and oxygen where oxygen is the limiting reactant, giving a theoretical yield of 73.9 g CO2. 3. Problem 7 balances a reaction of butane and oxygen, finds butane is limiting, and calculates a theoretical CO2 yield of 70.3 g with an actual yield of 69.2 g giving a 98.5% percent yield.

Uploaded by

Gracia Progella
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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KEY

Practice Problems (Chapter 5): Stoichiometry


CHEM 30A

Part I: Using the conversion factors in your tool box

Tool Box:
To convert between Use From
g A ↔ mol A molar mass periodic table
mol A ↔ particles A Avogadro’s # memory
mol A ↔ mol B molar ratio coeff. in bal. eqn.

1. How many moles CH3OH are in 14.8 g CH3OH?

1 mol CH3OH
14.8 g CH3OH = 0.462 mol CH3OH
32.042 g CH3OH

CH3OH = 1(12.01 g/mol) + 4(1.008 g/mol) +1(16.00 g/mol) = 32.042 g/mol

2. What is the mass in grams of 1.5 x 1016 atoms S?

1 mol S 32.06 g S
1.5 x 1016 atoms S 23 = 8.0 x 10–7 g S
6.022 x 10 atoms S 1 mol S

3. How many molecules of CO2 are in 12.0 g CO2?

1 mol CO2 6.022 x 1023 molecules CO2


12.0 g CO2 = 1.64 x 1023 molecules CO2
44.01 g CO2 1 mol CO2

CO2 = 1(12.01 g/mol) + 2(16.00 g/mol) = 44.01 g/mol

4. What is the mass in grams of 1 atom of Au?

1 mol Au 197.0 g Au
1 atom Au 23 = 3.271 x 10–22 g Au
6.022 x 10 atoms Au 1 mol Au
Part II: Stoichiometry problems

5. If 54.7 grams of propane (C3H8) and 89.6 grams of oxygen (O2) are available in the balanced
combustion reaction to the right:
C3H8 + 5 O2  3 CO2 + 4 H2O
a) Determine which reactant is the limiting reactant.
54.7 g 89.6 g
b) Calculate the theoretical yield of CO2 in grams.
Way #1:
1 mol C3H8 3 mol CO2 44.01 g CO2
54.7 g C3H8 = 163.787 g CO2
44.094 g C3H8 1 mol C3H8 1 mol CO2

1 mol O2 3 mol CO2 44.01 g CO2


89.6 g O2 = 73.937 g CO2  forms
32.00 g O2 5 mol O2 1 mol CO2 less product
L.R.
theoretical yield CO2
Way #2:
1 mol C3H8 5 mol O2 32.00 g O2
54.7 g C3H8 = 198.485 g O2  needed
44.094 g C3H8 1 mol C3H8 1 mol O2 only have 89.6 g O2
1 mol O2 3 mol CO2 44.01 g CO2
89.6 g O2 = 73.937 g CO2
32.00 g O2 5 mol O2 1 mol CO2
L.R. theoretical yield CO2
(actually have)

O2
Limiting Reactant: ________________

73.9 g CO2
Theoretical Yield: ________________

6. A reaction has a theoretical yield of 124.3 g SF6, but only 113.7 g SF6 are obtained in the lab, what is
the percent yield of SF6 for this reaction?

actual yield SF6 113.7 g SF6


% yield SF6 = (100%) = (100%) = 91.47224457 % yield SF6
theoretical yield SF6 124.3 g SF6

91.47 % yield SF6


Answer: ________________
7. If 23.2 grams of butane (C4H10) and 93.7 grams of oxygen (O2) are available in the following
reaction:
Check:
C 8 
2
____ 13 O2  ____
C4H10 + ____ 8 CO2 + ____
10 H2O H 20 
O 26 
charge 0 
23.2 g 93.7 g

a) Balance the equation for the reaction.


b) Determine which reactant is the limiting reactant.
c) Calculate the theoretical yield of CO2 in grams.
Way #1: theoretical yield CO2
1 mol C4H10 8 mol CO2 44.01 g CO2
23.2 g C4H10 = 70.271 g CO2  forms
L.R. 58.120 g C4H10 2 mol C4H10 1 mol CO2 less product

1 mol O2 8 mol CO2 44.01 g CO2


93.7 g O2 = 79.303 g CO2
32.00 g O2 13 mol O2 1 mol CO2

Way #2:
1 mol C4H10 13 mol O2 32.00 g O2
23.2 g C4H10 = 83.028 g O2  only need
58.120 g C4H10 2 mol C4H10 1 mol O2
have 93.7 g O2
1 mol C4H10 8 mol CO2 44.01 g CO2
23.2 g C4H10 = 70.271 g CO2
L.R. 58.120 g C4H10 2 mol C4H10 1 mol CO2
theoretical yield CO2
(actually have)

C4H10
Limiting Reactant: ________________

70.3 g CO2
Theoretical Yield: ________________

d) If the actual yield of CO2 is 69.2 g CO2, what is the percent yield?

actual yield CO2 69.2 g CO2


% yield CO2 = (100%) = (100%) = 98.476% yield CO2
theoretical yield CO2 70.271 g CO2

98.5 % yield CO2


Answer: _______________________

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