A SURVEY ON JOB SCHEDULING

ALGORITHMS IN CLOUD COMPUTING

 Muhammed Ahmed Sheraz Mehmood Muhammed Shehreyar
Department of CS/IT Department of CS/IT Department of CS/IT
University of Gujrat, Sialkot Sub University of Gujrat, Sialkot Sub University of Gujrat, Sialkot Sub
Campus Campus Campus
Sialkot, Pakistan
[email protected]
Sialkot, Pakistan Sialkot, Pakistan
[email protected] [email protected]
m
Abstract—Cloud computing has diversified the IT maximize Quality of Service (Qos) and maintain customer
infrastructure in organizations. Cloud is eliminating the satisfaction. As cloud consumer want its request to be
traditional way of installing and then using hardware. Cloud executed within short time span and cloud provider want
enables users to access any resource service on demand.
maximum resource utilization. So, an appropriate
Tasks submitted by cloud consumer needed to be efficiently
done by cloud computing and task scheduling is the main
scheduling algorithm should run in cloud that meets their
problem faced by cloud computing. Therefore, resources in requirements. So, here we will discuss about these
cloud computing should be scheduled against tasks in such a algorithms their working, merits and demerits.
way that it reduces waiting time and increases resource
utilization. So, this paper presents the study of different job The remaining paper is organized as: section 2 represents
scheduling algorithms where we will discuss about their Literature Review; section 3 represents Scheduling
working and different Qos parameters like load balancing, Algorithms, section 4 represents comparison table and
resource utilization, time pan , and how these algorithms finally conclusion is discusses.
increases reliability and efficiency of cloud computing.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Keywords—time span, Qos parameters, resource utilization,
scheduling As the main issue faced by cloud computing is the
efficient use of resources to the new jobs inserted by
I. INTRODUCTION users. And multiple algorithms are performing it. But it is
difficult to know which algorithm meet most quality of
Cloud computing has become one of the most popular service parameters. Therefore, authors in [1], [2], [3], [4]
utility in today’s world. Cloud computing provide services proposed a research about different algorithms like
to its consumers on their demand and reduced the Greedy algorithm, First Come First Serve, Priority Based
headache of configuring and maintaining different Scheduling, Round Robin and Min-Min Algorithm, Min-
resources like hardware, software, network devices, Max Algorithm and Genetic Algorithm etc which explains
storage devices etc. Cloud enables its users to access the comparison of several job scheduling techniques with
services at any time anywhere in the world. Instead of respect to multiple parameters, like response time, load
configuring own infrastructure organizations are moving balance, execution time and make span of job to find the
towards cloud. Cloud has become the reliable utility as best and efficient task scheduling algorithm [5], [6].
hundreds and thousands of computers and servers running
at a time providing services to its clients. Pinal Salot in [7] explain comparison among various
enhanced algorithm such as Resource-Aware-Scheduling
The idea of cloud computing was generated from client- algorithm (RASA), Reliable Scheduling Distributed in
server model, cluster computing and grid computing. As Cloud computing (RSDC), Extended Max-Min
in cloud computing cloud provider act as server and Scheduling Using Petri Net and Load Balancing, An
consumer act as client. Cluster computing is a group of Optimistic Differentiated Job Scheduling System for
computers each perform its own task. Grid computing is Cloud Computing that improved QoS parameters and
cluster of computers performing the same task together. In
enhance the working of cloud [8], [9].
this way cloud computing contained the benefits of all of
In [10] S. Selvarani and G. Sudha Sadhasivam proposed
them.
an improved cost-based scheduling algorithm for making
efficient mapping of tasks to available resources in cloud.
The services provided by cloud can be divided into three
This scheduling algorithm measures both resource cost
categories: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a
and computation performance, it also improves the
Service (PaaS) and Software as a Service (SaaS). In IaaS
computation ratio by grouping the user tasks according to
cloud provide infrastructure like hardware, storage,
a particular cloud resource's processing capability and
operating system etc. In PaaS cloud provide platform or
sends the grouped jobs to the resource.
complete environment like compiler to run programs of
different languages. In SaaS rather downloading or
In [11] author propose Metascheduler architecture
updating the software cloud enables to use software
directly using browser. algorithm that aim to handle the submission of a service
and to manage the infrastructure of the Grid resources
In this paper we are going to discuss about various task belonging to the cloud. It also builds the best pool of
scheduling algorithms and their working of how cloud available resources for the implementation of the requests
perform its job efficiently. In simple, Scheduling means issued by a user.
put the task in a queue for execution. As there are multiple In [12] Hai Zhong, Kun Tao and Xuejie Zhang proposed
jobs running in cloud, so task scheduling is one of the an Improved Genetic Algorithm (IGA) for the automated
main issue faced by cloud. The purpose of scheduling is to scheduling policy. The IGA uses the shortest genes and
maximize the resource utilization and minimize the introduces the idea of Dividend Policy in Economics to
execution time. There are multiple task scheduling select an optimal allocation for the VMs request [13],
algorithms available and each try to address a particular [14].
problem.
In [15] author propose a multi-objective task scheduling
The main objective of this paper is to point out those algorithm for mapping tasks to a VMs in order to improve
algorithms that perform their task efficiently, balance the the throughput of the data centre and reduce the cost
load among virtual machines, maximize resource without violating the SLA (Service Level Agreement) for
utilization, reduce time span, increase reliability, an application in cloud SaaS environment [16].
 to virtual machines and then balance their workload, the
In [17] author proposed evolutionary algorithm named proposed algorithm first selects the best virtual machine
Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA) to schedule the tasks in and, therefore reduces make span. The proposed algorithm
Cloud computing. CSA algorithm is based on the obligate first checks the workload of each virtual machine. At the
brood parasitic behaviour of some cuckoo species in next stage, after receiving each task, it checks how the
combination with the Levy flight behaviour of some birds overall statue of virtual machines changes by adding the
and fruit flies. workload of this task to each machine, i.e., which virtual
machine is overloaded, under loaded, or balanced.
Many heuristics algorithms have been proposed to solve Subsequently, the virtual machine is selected, that is under
scheduling problem in cloud. So, in [18] author  propose a loaded, its make span is less than other machines by
new artificial bee colony algorithm to schedule the tasks adding this task, and its reliability is in an acceptable
on service providers in the cloud environments. It is range[21].
motivated by the intelligent foraging behaviour of honey
bees and is the simulation of the minimalistic foraging C. Hybrid Firefly Genetic Algorithm:
model of honey bee in search process.
This algorithm is a hybrid combination of Firefly
III. SCHEDULING ALGORITHMS Optimization and Genetic Algorithm. The hybridization
A. Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm: goal is achieved by splitting the organization of algorithm
into two phases, where first phase is accomplished by
The artificial bee colony algorithm as a novel meta- Firefly Optimization algorithm and the second phase is
heuristic approach was developed in 2005. It is motivated accomplished by the Genetic algorithm. The first phase
by the intelligent foraging behavior of honey bees and is involves the mapping the tasks to a population of fireflies.
the simulation of the minimalistic foraging model of The second phase picks the final results from Firefly and
honey bee in search process for solving real-parameter, those results are initialized as the base population of
non-convex, and non-smooth optimization problems. In chromosomes for the Genetic algorithm. Since base
this algorithm, a colony consists of three types of artificial results were already fine-tuned by firefly algorithm, the
bees including employed, onlooker and scout bees [19]. genetic algorithm looks for only optimal solutions left
from the point after the execution of the firefly algorithm
 Employed bee: Each food source is associated [14],[22].
with an employed bee and each employed bee
tries to detect a new food source in the D. Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA):
neighborhood of its current food source[19].
 Onlooker bee: The tendency of onlooker bees is Task scheduling and selection of virtual machines are the
to search around the food sources with high major functions in optimization when dealing with multi-
nectar amount; in this way, more qualified food objective processes. For optimization of the genetic
sources can be chosen for exploitation[19]. operators, we consider mutation, crossover and selection.
 Scout bee: The number of scout bees is not The GSA search space contains particle sets termed as
predefined in the colony. A scout bee is produced masses that offers solution to optimization issue and is
according to the situation of a food source located as a point in space. The Non-dominated Sorting
whether it is abandoned or not[19]. Genetic Algorithm (NSGA) can perform exploration by
expanding the search space [23]. The major characteristics
B. Dynamic Task Scheduling Algorithm: of this algorithm are low computational complexity,
parameter-less diversity preservation and elitism. The
In contrast to algorithms like the honey bee foraging combination of these algorithms and the features allow
behavior [20], which first uses round robin to assign tasks achievement of cost reduction and minimization of
response time with reduced energy consumption [24],[25].
 IV. COMPARISON TABLE
Paper year Title Author Problem Solution

A Task Scheduling Yiqiu Fang The task scheduler A two-level

Algorithm Based on doesn’t meet the scheduling
Load Balancing in Fei Wang dynamic mechanism based on
Cloud Computing requirements of load balancing meets
Junwei Ge users. the dynamic
requirements of
users.

An Optimized QI CAO Traditional task Activity-based

Algorithm for Task scheduling costing is measuring
Scheduling Based ZHI-BO WEI algorithms in cloud both the cost of the
On Activity Based computing directly objects and the
2010 Costing in Cloud WEN-MAO GONG uses the tasks of performances of
Computing users and leads to activities and
over-costed and measures the cost
over-priced more accurate.
problems.

Improved Cost- Mrs.S.Selvarani1 The Activity based This proposed

Based Algorithm scheduling scheduling algorithm
For Task Scheduling Dr.G.SudhaSadhasivam algorithm completes employs an
in Cloud Computing task with maximum improved cost-based
time and maximum scheduling algorithm
cost. and measures both
resource cost and
computation power.

Scheduling Scientific Cui Lin Compute resources We propose the

Workflows cannot be SHEFT workflow
Elastically for Cloud Shiyong Lu provisioned or scheduling algorithm
Computing released on demand to schedule a
of the size of a workflow elastically
workflow, and these on a cloud
resources are not computing
released to the environment.
environment until an
execution of the
workflow
completes.

Job scheduling Baomin Xu Chunyan Zhao Optimal completion This paper proposed
2011 algorithm based on Enzhao Hu time algorithm an algorithm based
Berger model in completes the tasks on Berger model. In
cloud environment Bin Hu with maximum the job scheduling
completion time. process, the
algorithm establishes
dual fairness
constraint.

Comparison of Navjot Kaur Workflow This paper present

Workflow scheduling various problems
Scheduling Taranjit Singh Aulakh algorithms is one of and types of
Algorithms in Cloud the most challenging scheduling
Computing Rajbir Singh Cheema issue in the cloud algorithms for cloud
computing area. workflows as well as
designing new
workflow algorithms
for cloud Workflow
management system.

The Study of Genetic Sung Ho Jang Tae Young Kim Task scheduling We presented and
 Algorithm-based Jae Kwon Kim algorithms only proposed genetic
Task Scheduling for focuses on the algorithm as a task
Cloud Computing Jong Sik Lee minimization of scheduling model to
execution time or solve the scheduling
workload and do not problems.
use characteristics of
cloud computing for
task scheduling.

A Priority Based Job ShamsollahGhanbaria Job scheduling Priority based job

Scheduling algorithms is one of scheduling algorithm
Algorithm in Cloud Mohamed Othman the most challenging is the solution for job
2012 Computing issues in the cloud scheduling issues in
computing area. cloud computing.

A Resource Liang Luo The optimization of A resource

Scheduling energy consumption scheduling algorithm
Algorithm of Cloud Wenjun Wu in the cloud based on energy
Computing based on computing efficient
Energy Efficient Dichen Di environment is the optimization for a
Optimization question how to use cloud computing
Methods Fei Zhang various energy environment could
conservation automatically
Yizhou Yan strategies to allocate resources
efficiently allocate basedon energy
Yaokuan Mao resources. optimization
methods.

Queue based Job ShahramBehzad Reza Fotohi Job scheduling This paper presents a
Scheduling algorithms is one of queue based job
algorithm for Cloud Mehdi Effatparvar the most challenging scheduling algorithm
computing theoretical issues in for efficient
the cloud computing execution of user
area. jobs.

Enhanced Max-min UpendraBhoi Max-min algorithm Enhanced Max-min

Task Scheduling is based on the is also based on the
Algorithm in Cloud Purvi N. Ramanuj completion time of expected execution
2013 Computing the large task. time instead of
completion time as a
selection basis.

Double Level Shachee Parikh Task scheduling Priority based

Priority based algorithms is one of scheduling
Optimization Richa Sinha the most challenging optimization
Algorithm for Task issue in the cloud algorithm addresses
Scheduling in Cloud computing area. these major
Computing challenges of task
scheduling in cloud.

Efficient Optimal Dr. Amit Agarwal Saloni Jain Scheduling is one We presented a
Algorithm of Task the main challenge Generalized Priority
Scheduling in Cloud in cloud computing algorithm for
Computing for the execution of efficient execution
Environment task. and scheduling of
task.

Hybrid Job Saeed Javanmardi Task scheduling Combination of

Scheduling algorithms considers genetic algorithm
Algorithm for Cloud Mohammad Shojafar the load balancing of and fuzzy theory as a
2014 Computing the system and hybrid approach
Environment Danilo Amendola reduces total reduces load
execution time and balancing, execution
execution cost. time and execution
 Nicola Cordeschi cost.

Hongbo Liu

Ajith Abraham

Bi-Criteria Priority Amandeep Verma Tasks can be Bi-Objective Priority

Based Particle scheduled using the based Particle
Swarm Optimization Sakshi Kaushal workflow is one of Swarm Optimization
Workflow the challenge in (BPSO) to schedule
Scheduling cloud computing. workflow
Algorithm for Cloud applications to cloud
resources that
minimizes the
execution cost.

Cost Performance of Nidhi Bansala Minimizing the total In this paper, the
QoS Driven task allocation cost is an cost is calculated of
Scheduling in Cloud Amitab Mauryaa important issue in QoS-driven task
Computing cloud computing. scheduling
Tarun Kumara algorithm.

Manzeet Singha Shruti Bansal

Task Scheduling in Nima Jafari Navimipour The task scheduling A Cuckoo Search
the Cloud problem in Cloud Algorithm is
2015 Computing Based on Farnaz Sharifi Milani computing is an NP- proposed to schedule
the Cuckoo Search hard problem. the tasks in cloud
Algorithm computing.

Task scheduling in Nima Jafari Navimipour The suitable A new Bee Colony
the Cloud scheduling of the Algorithm is
Environments based tasks become an proposed to schedule
on an Artificial Bee important and vital the tasks on service
Colony Algorithm problem. providers in the
Cloud environments.

A New Scheduling Linlin Tanga Task scheduling A new Scheduling

Algorithm Based on algorithm is one of Algorithm based on
Ant Colony Kaiqiang Ma Zuohua Li the main problem Ant Colony
Algorithm and and challenge for the Algorithm and cloud
Cloud Load completion of the load balancing can
Balancing tasks. effectively reduce
the task completion
time.

An Intense Review Jai Bhagwan Task scheduling An extensive review

of Task Scheduling algorithms is one of of various research
Algorithms in Cloud Sanjeev Kumar the most challenging algorithms related to
2016 Computing issue in the cloud task scheduling
computing area. various parameters
like make span, total
task execution time,
task waiting time.

A REVIEW – Neeta Patil Scheduling of This paper

DIFFERENT task is a NP- discusses about the
SCHEDULING Deepak Aeloor complete problem study of various
ALGORITHMS IN and a challenge for resource scheduling
CLOUD cloud computing. algorithms in a cloud
COMPUTING computing
ENVIRONMENT environment.
 The Experiential Artan Mazrekaj Task scheduling in The Experiential
Heterogeneous cloud environments Heterogeneous
Earliest Finish Time Arlinda Sheholli is the problem of Earliest Finish Time
Algorithm for Task assigning and Algorithm
Scheduling in Dorian Minarolli executing minimizes the
Clouds computational tasks execution time of the
Bernd Freisleben on the available tasks and determine
cloud resources the workload of the
resources.

Child based Level- Lokesh Kr. Arya Scheduling Child Based Level-
Wise List Scheduling algorithms are used Wise List
2017 Algorithm Amandeep Verma to assign these tasks Scheduling
to processors and Algorithm calculates
these algorithms priorities of tasks
decide the cost and and finds the
time of execution. sequence of task
execution.

Dynamic load Mohit Kumara S.C.Sharma Performance of the A Dynamic Load

balancing algorithm cloud infrastructure Balancing Algorithm
for balancing the is highly depends minimizes the make
workload among upon the task span time and
virtual machine in scheduling and load enhance the
cloud computing balancing. utilization ratio of
cloud resources.

An Effective M.S.Sudheer The existing This paper have

Analysis on Various scheduling studied wide range
Scheduling K.Ganesh Reddy algorithms have the of existing
Algorithms in Cloud limitations like less scheduling
Computing P. KiranSree memory utilization, algorithms in cloud
high execution time, computing with
V.Purushothama Raju and high response respect to
time. conventional
performance metrics
like Response time,
make span, Qos,
Memory utilization
and Response time.

Analysis of CPU RamasubbareddySomula CPU Scheduling in a This paper proposes

Scheduling cloud computing a mechanism to
2018 Algorithms for SravaniNalluri environment is an implement each of
Cloud Computing NP-hard problem. the existing
M. K. algorithms and
compute their
NallaKaruppan average waiting
times and average
S. Ashok turnaround times

G. Kannayaram

Priority based Dr.D.I. George Amalarethinam Scheduling of task is A Meta-task

Performance a NP-complete Scheduling
Improved Algorithm S.Kavitha problem and a algorithm, Priority
for Meta-task challenge for cloud based Performance
Scheduling in Cloud computing. Improved Algorithm
Environment gives minimum
make span and better
resource utilization.

A hybrid job HadeelAlazzamEsraaAlhenawi Job scheduling A hybrid Tabu–

scheduling algorithm Rizik Al-Sayyed in a cloud Harmony task
based on Tabu and computing scheduling algorithm
 Harmony search environment is an in cloud computing
algorithms NP-hard problem. combines the
benefits of both the
Tabu search and the
Harmony search
algorithms in order
to enhance the
quality of the results.

An Greedy-Based Ji Lia Job scheduling Greedy-Based job

Job Scheduling algorithm is one of scheduling
Algorithm in Cloud LonghuaFenga the most challenging Algorithm has
2019 Computing theoretical issues in decreased the
ShenglongFangc the cloud computing completion time of
area. submitted jobs and
increased user
satisfaction.

A Stochastic V. Karunakaran Task scheduling in a A Stochastic

Development of cloud computing Development of
Cloud Computing environment is an Cloud Computing
Based Task NP-hard problem. Based Task
Scheduling Scheduling
Algorithm Algorithm reduces
the execution time.

Optimal Scheduling AravindRajagopalanDevesh R. Task scheduling A meta-heuristic

of Tasks in Cloud Modale algorithm is one of algorithm of hybrid
Computing Using the most challenging Firefly-Genetic
Hybrid Firefly- RadhaSenthilkumar theoretical issues in combination is
Genetic Algorithm the cloud computing proposed for
area. scheduling tasks.

Load balancing Abhishek Gupta Load balancing in Honey bee based

based hyper task scheduling load balancing is an
heuristic algorithm H. S. Bhadauria Annapurna algorithms is one the algorithm provides
for cloud task Singh issues in cloud better scheduling
scheduling computing. solutions with
reduced makespan
time and processing
2020 time.

Task Scheduling SHUDONG WANG TIANYU Task scheduling in A new task

Algorithm Based on ZHAO SHANCHEN PANG cloud environments scheduling
Improved Firework is the problem of method(I-FASC) is
Algorithm in Fog assigning and proposed for the
Computing executing characteristics of
computational tasks tasks and resources,
on the available including an
cloud resources improved firework
algorithm (I-FA) is
proposed by
introducing the
explosion radius
detection mechanism
of fireworks.

CONCLUSION
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