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Django - Getting Python in The Web - Lecture 2

The document provides an overview of Django's template language. It discusses how templates allow inserting variables into HTML, looping through data with tags, conditional logic with if statements, template inheritance, filters to modify variables, and comments. It also mentions forms and generic class-based views. The template language allows creating dynamic HTML interfaces with Python code and is a key tool for building Django applications.

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Karim Alashry
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
68 views

Django - Getting Python in The Web - Lecture 2

The document provides an overview of Django's template language. It discusses how templates allow inserting variables into HTML, looping through data with tags, conditional logic with if statements, template inheritance, filters to modify variables, and comments. It also mentions forms and generic class-based views. The template language allows creating dynamic HTML interfaces with Python code and is a key tool for building Django applications.

Uploaded by

Karim Alashry
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Django

Getting Python in the web

Ahmed Moawad
Templates

Django Template Language

It’s a language that you will love


Template Language
Variables

{{ variable_name }}

library/index.html
<html>
<head> ... </head> Hello, Ahmed

<body>
<p> Hello, {{ name }} </p>
</body>
</html>

library/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
def index(request):
return render(request, ‘library/index.html’, {‘name’: ‘Ahmed’})
Template Language
Tags

{% tag_name %}
library/index.html
<body>
<ul> • Forrest Gump
{% for m in movies %} • The Dark Knight
<li>{{ m }}</li> • Inception
{% endfor %}
</ul>
</body>

library/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
def index(request):
names = [‘Forrest Gump’, ‘The Dark Knight’, ‘Inception’]
return render(request, ‘persons/index.html’,{‘names’: names})
Template Language
for statement

{% for .. in ..%} {% empty %} {% endfor %}


library/index.html
<ul>
{% for m in movies %} • No Movies in the List
<li>{{ m }}</li>
{% empty %}
<li> No Movies in the List</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>

library/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
def index(request):
names = []
return render(request, ‘persons/index.html’,{‘names’: names})
Template Language
if statement

{% if %} {% elif %} {% else %} {% endif %}


library/index.html
{% if age <= 15 %}
<p> Child </p>
{% elif age > 15 and age < 40 %}
<p> Young Man </p> Child
{% else %}
<p> Old Man </p>
{% endif %}

library/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
def index(request):
age = 14
return render(request, ‘persons/index.html’,{‘age’: age})
Template Language
Template Inheritance

{% block %} {% endblock %} .... {% extends %}


base.html
<html>
<head>
<title>{% block title %}Default title{% end %}</title>
</head>
<body>
{% block student %} Student Name {% end %}
</body>
</html>

student.html

{% extends “base.html” %}

{% block title %}Student Page{% end %}


{% block student %} Ahmed{% end %}
Template Language
Filters
{{ value | filter : options }}

library/index.html
<html>
Home Page
<body>
This is my home page …
<h2>{{ name | title }}</h2>
<p>{{ body | truncatewords:5 }}</p>
</body>
</html>

library/views.py
def index(request):
name = “home page”
body = “This is my home page. Please tell me your opinion.”
return render(request,‘index.html’,{‘name’: name, ‘body’: body})
Filters
Some useful Filters

Filter value Example Output

add value =3 {{ value | add : 3 }} 6

first value = [1,2,4] {{ value | first }} 1

join value =[‘a’,’b’,’c’] {{ value | join: ’:’ }} a:b:c

linebreaks value =“Hi\nOS” {{ value | linebreaks }} <p>Hi<br/>OS</p>

pluralize v=4 {{ v }} value{{ v | pluralize}} 4 values


Template Language
Comments

{# write your comment #}


Template Language
url

<a href={{ url ‘posts’ }} >Posts</a>


Forms
Forms
Intro

Django Forms is a method to make a dynamic HTML Forms with its validation

library/forms.py
from django import forms

class AddBookForm(forms.Form):
title = forms.CharField(label=‘Title', max_length=100)
author = forms.CharField(label=‘Author', max_length=100)
is_free = forms.BooleanField(label=‘Is Free’)
date_published = forms.DateField(label=“Date Published”)
Forms
How to use
library/views.py
from .forms import AddBookForm
from django.shortcuts import render
def index(request):
form = AddBookForm()
return render(request, ‘library/index.html’,{‘form’: form})

library/index.html
<h2> Add New Book </h2>
<form method=“POST”> {% csrf_token %}
{{ form.as_p }}
</form>

Title

Author

Is Free
Forms
Form Class

Form.is_bound() Check if the Form has populated by data or not

Form.is_valid() Check if the Form valid or not

Form.errors The errors list for all fields

Form.fields The field list


Forms
Field – Widget Map

Field Widget

CharField TextInput

EmailField EmailInput

IntegerField NumberInput

BooleanField CheckboxInput

ChoiceField Select

DateField DateInput
Forms
Fields Options
Field
required label initial

error_messages disabled widget

CharField
min_length max_length

IntegerField
min_value max_value

ChoiceField

choices
Forms
Example

library/views.py
def index_view(request):
if request.method=='POST':
form = AddBookForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
# Add New Book to database
return HttpResponse("Mission Complete")
else:
form = AddBookForm()
return render(request,"library/add_book.html",{"form":form})
Views

More on Views
Know more about Django Views
More on Views
View Decorator

View Decorator is a method to make the view run under specific conditions

from django.views.decorators.http import require_http_methods

@require_http_methods(["GET"])
#or
@require_GET()
def my_view(request):
# Get Method Actions
pass
More on Views
Class-based Views

# views.py
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.views import View

class MyView(View):
#method to be called if request Method is GET
def get(self, request):
return HttpResponse(‘GET result')
#Method to be called if request Method is GET
def post(self, request):
return HttpResponse(‘Post result')
# urls.py
...
urlpatterns = [ url(r'^about/$', MyView.as_view()) ]
More on Views
More Shortcuts

get_object_or_404(Model, *args, **kargs)

get_list_or_404(Manager, *args, **kargs)

get_object_or_404(QuerySet, *args, **kargs)

Get Object (List of objects) or redirect to http404 Page

from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404, get_list_or_404


def my_view(request):
book = get_object_or_404(Book,pk=2)
return HttpResponse(“Book Title is ”+book.title)
#or
books = get_list_or_404(Book, author=‘Paulo Kauli’)
return render(request, ‘library/book.html’, books = books)
Views

Generic Views
Generic Views
Intro

Generic Views is class-based Views that has a special purpose like listing & editing.

from django.http import HttpResponse


from django.views.generic import ListView, DetailView
from .models import Book
class BookList(ListView):
model = Book

class BookView(DetailView):
model = Book

urlpatterns = [
url(r'^$', BookList.as_view()),
url(r'^/book/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)$', BookView.as_view()),
]
Generic Views
Views - template Map

if app_name is library and model = Book

View Template Name Context

ListView library /book_list.html object_list

DetailView library /book_detail.html object

CreateView library /book_form.html form

UpdateView library /book_update_form.html form

DeleteView library / book_confirm_delete.html


Views

More on URLs
Know more about Django URLs
Urls
URL Namespacing

namespace:url_name

library/urls.py
...

app_name = ‘library’ #namespace

urlpatterns = [ url(r'^$', views.index, name=‘index’)]

library:index
Http
reverse
reverse(view, args=None, kwargs=None)
or

reverse(patternName, args=None, kwargs=None)

# urls.py

app_name = ‘library’ #namespace

urlpatterns = [

url(r‘^post/([0-9]+)/comment/([0-9]+)$’, view.posts, name=‘posts’)]

# view.py
def index(request):
url = reverse(‘posts’, args=[2,3])
#or url = reverse(‘library:posts’, args=[2,3])
return HttpResponseRedirect(url) # ‘/posts/2/comment/3’
Middleware
Middleware
Intro

process_view() process_template_response()

Request Middleware View Middleware Response

process_request () process_exception()
Middleware
Create Custom Middleware

library/middleware/dummymiddleware.py
try:
from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin
except ImportError:
MiddlewareMixin = object
class DummyMiddleware(MiddlewareMixin):
def process_request(self,req):
req.dept = "OS"
return None

mysite/settings.py
MIDDLEWARE = [
# Other Middleware Classes,
“library.middleware.dummymiddleware.DummyMiddleware”
]
Middleware
Useful Built-in Middleware

ExceptioMiddleware Handles 400 and 500 Status Exceptions

Create a sessions for the clients to make the relationship


SessionMiddleware
more clearified.

Handles some common cases like appending Slash or


CommonMiddleware
prepending www to the url to match the reserved one.

To protect you’re app from CSRF with generating CSRF


CSRFViewMiddleware
Tokens.

It’s a framework has built for user authentication


AuthenticationMiddleware
operations.

It’s a pretty. It used for send contextual messages to the


MessageMiddleware
client based on the action states.
Sessions
Sessions
Intro
The session framework lets you store and retrieve arbitrary data on a per-site-visitor
basis. It stores data on the server side and abstracts the sending and receiving of cookies.

settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = [
# Other Apps,
“django.contrib.sessions”
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
# Other Middleware Classes,
“django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware”
]
Sessions
How to use

request.session

views.py
def login(request,user_id):
#Setting Session item
request.session['member_id'] = user_id
return HttpResponse(“You are logged in”)

def view_profile(req):
#Getting Session item
if ‘member_id’ in req.session and req.session['member_id']:
return HttpResponse(“View Profile")
else:
return HttpResponse(“Please login to view ”)
Sessions
methods

request.session.get(key,default=None)

request.session.pop(key,default=__not_given)

request.session.clear()

request.session.set_expiry(value)
Sessions
settings

SESSION_COOKIE_AGE Set the Session Cookie Age

If True, Session Cookie Age will be deleted


SESSION_EXPIRE_AT_BROWSER_CLOSE
after browser closed

SESSION_COOKIE_NAME Set the Session Cookie Name


Authentication
Authentication
User

User

username password first_name last_name email last_login

groups user_permissions is_superuser is_staff date_joined

from django.contrib.auth.models import User


user = User.objects.create_user(‘Ahmed',’[email protected]’,‘120829')
Authentication
User Authentication Example

from django.contrib.auth import authenticate, login, logout


def login_view(request):
uname = request.POST[‘username’]
pword = request.POST[‘password’]
user = authenticate(username=uname, password=pword)
if user is not None:
login(request,user)
else:
# Do actions for that the login process failed

def any_view(request):
if request.user.is_authenticated():
# Do actions for Logged in Users
else:
# Do actions for Guests
Thank You

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