PROJECT MANAGEMENT

(ELECTIVE 1)

PRASHANT PAL
SEM: 9 TH
COLLEGE: I.I.A
WHAT IS MEANT BY MANAGEMENT? WHY IT IS IMPORTANT IN CONSTRUCTION
WORK?

CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT IS THE PROCESS OF PLANNING, COORDINATING AND

PROVIDING MONITORING AND CONTROLLING OF A CONSTRUCTION PROJECT. THIS STYLE
OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT IS DESIGNED FOR THE, AS THE NAME IMPLIES, CONSTRUCTION
INDUSTRY. THERE ARE FEW TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION THAT USE CONSTRUCTION
MANAGEMENT; THEY ARE INDUSTRIAL, CIVIL, COMMERCIAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND
RESIDENTIAL. EACH CATEGORY HAS ITS OWN WAY OF RUNNING PROJECTS, BUT ALL WILL
FOLLOW THE CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGY. CONSTRUCTION
MANAGEMENT HAS FIVE STAGES, WHERE PROJECT MANAGEMENT HAS FIVE PHASES. THE
STAGES ARE DESIGN, PRE-CONSTRUCTION, PROCUREMENT, BUILD, AND OWNER
OCCUPANCY.

 DESIGN
 PRECONSTRUCTION
 PROCUREMENT
 BUILD
 OWNER OCCUPANCY

IMPORTANCE OF MANAGEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION WORK

CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT REFERS TO THE RESPONSIBILITY OF OVERSEEING THE

ENTIRE PROJECT FROM START TO FINISH. THIS INVOLVES A WIDE RANGE OF TASKS, FROM
MANAGING COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN THE ARCHITECT AND THE PROJECT OWNER TO
INSPECTING ON-SITE WORK FOR QUALITY AND SAFETY COMPLIANCE. IN MOST
SITUATIONS, CONSTRUCTION MANAGERS EVEN ASSIST IN THE INITIAL PLANNING STAGES
OF THE PROJECT, HELPING YOU CHOOSE THE ARCHITECTS AND SUBCONTRACTORS WHO
WILL COMPLETE THE WORK. CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT PROFESSIONALS ARE ALSO
INVOLVED IN THE SMALL DETAILS THAT CAN MAKE OR BREAK YOUR PROJECT. FOR
EXAMPLE, THEY KEEP TRACK OF PROJECT EXPENSES, ENSURING THAT EVERYTHING IS
PROCEEDING ON BUDGET. SHOULD UNEXPECTED SETBACKS ARISE THAT WOULD IMPACT
YOUR BUDGET OR TIMELINE, THE CONSTRUCTION MANAGER WILL FIND WAYS TO MAKE
ADJUSTMENTS TO KEEP EVERYTHING IN CHECK. BY ENSURING EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION BETWEEN ALL PARTIES INVOLVED IN THE PROJECT AND OVERSEEING
EVERYTHING FROM ON-SITE SAFETY TO CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION, A CONSTRUCTION
MANAGEMENT TEAM WILL HELP YOUR PROJECT RUN SMOOTHLY. EVEN MORE
IMPORTANTLY, A QUALITY TEAM WILL GET YOUR PROJECT COMPLETED ON TIME AND ON
BUDGET, PROVIDING A GREAT RETURN ON INVESTMENT.

VARIOUS MANAGEMENT FUNCTION AND THEIR MEANING

CONSTRUCTION AND PROJECT MANAGERS PLAY A HUGE ROLE IN THE OVERALL SUCCESS
AND DEVELOPMENT OF ANY PROJECT, LEADING A PROJECT FROM START TO FINISH. BUT
WHAT STEPS DO THEY TAKE TO ENSURE A PROJECT HAS BEEN ADEQUATELY
COMPLETED? FOR THOSE WORKING IN THIS FIELD, THERE ARE SIX FUNCTIONS OF
CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT THAT NEED TO BE TAKEN CARE OF TO ENSURE THE
SUCCESS AND QUALITY OF A PROJECT. WITHOUT THESE SIX FUNCTIONS OF
CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT, FINISHING A PROJECT WOULD BE EXTREMELY DIFFICULT.

PROJECT MANAGEMENT PLANNING:

ALTHOUGH IT IS ONLY ONE OF THE SIX FUNCTIONS OF CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT,

PLANNING OUT THE ENTIRE PROJECT IS AN ESSENTIAL TASK AS IT LAYS OUT THE
STEPPING STONES FOR COMPLETING A PROJECT. BEFORE A PROJECT CAN EVEN BE
STARTED, THE PROJECT MANAGER MUST PLAN OUT EACH STEP OF THE PROJECT. PROJECT
MANAGERS MUST DEFINE WORKERS’ TASKS, AND ESTIMATE THE DURATION OF EACH
ACTIVITY. THIS INFORMATION IS NECESSARY WHEN PLANNING OUT A PROJECT
THOROUGHLY. WITHOUT A GREAT CONSTRUCTION PLAN.

COST MANAGEMENT:

UNDERSTANDING THE COSTS OF A PROJECT IS A NECESSARY PART OF MANAGING

CONSTRUCTION. PROJECT MANAGERS USE THE BUDGET TO DETERMINE THE TOTAL
COSTS AND RETURNS EXPECTED FROM A PARTICULAR PROJECT. THIS CAN KEEP PROJECTS
MORE AFFORDABLE SINCE SUBCONTRACTORS AREN’T SADDLED WITH THE ENTIRE COST
AT THE START. ALONG WITH THE BUDGET COMES A COST PLAN WHICH WILL OUTLINE
ALL THE COSTS OF THE CONSTRUCTION AND THE COSTS OF THE ENTIRE PROJECT. THE
BUDGET SHOWS THE LIMIT OF EXPENSES, WHILE THE COST PLAN SHOWS WHERE AND
WHEN PROJECT MANAGERS CAN SPEND THE MONEY.

TIME MANAGEMENT:

IN CONSTRUCTION, THE MORE TIME SPENT ON A PROJECT EQUATES TO HIGHER

EXPENSES. THE ABILITY TO USE TIME WISELY AND EFFICIENTLY IS AN IMPORTANT SKILL
NEEDED FOR SOMEONE IN CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT AND IS THE REASON THAT IT IS
CONSIDERED ONE OF THE KEY FUNCTIONS OF CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT.

QUALITY MANAGEMENT:

PROJECT MANAGERS ARE ALSO RESPONSIBLE FOR PROJECT QUALITY, WHICH IS WHY IT IS
ONE OF THE FUNCTIONS OF CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT. IN ORDER TO ENSURE THAT
QUALITY IS EXCELLENT, CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT WILL NEED TO ANALYZE THEIR
WORK PRACTICES TO SEE IF THEY ARE UP TO PAR, DETERMINE IF THE MATERIAL USED IS
STANDARD QUALITY, AND ENSURE THAT THE FINISHED PRODUCT IS PROTECTED FROM
ANY POTENTIAL HARM OR DAMAGE THAT MAY COME TO IT.

CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION:

CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION USUALLY BEGINS WHEN THE OTHER FUNCTIONS OF

CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT, SUCH AS COST AND TIME MANAGEMENT, HAVE ALREADY
BEEN TAKEN CARE OF. CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION IS CONDUCTED BETWEEN THE
OWNER AND THE CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT TEAM.

ALL PARTIES EXCHANGE INFORMATION AND MAKE DECISIONS FOR THE OVERALL
SUCCESS AND COMPLETION OF THE PROJECT. THE MANAGEMENT TEAM COMPLETES THE
PROJECT TO CONTRACT, AND CAN ENSURE THIS BY USING THE ORIGINAL CONTRACT
DOCUMENTS, AND ANALYZING AND OBSERVING THE OVERALL PROGRESS OF THE
CONSTRUCTION PROJECT. THIS ALLOWS A FINAL OPPORTUNITY TO CORRECT ANY
INACCURACIES, DOUBTS, OR DEVIATIONS FROM THE INITIAL DESIGN. THIS FINAL CHECK
BETWEEN THE OWNER AND MANAGEMENT IS CRUCIAL. IT ENSURES THAT BOTH PARTIES
ARE HAPPY WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROJECT.

SAFETY MANAGEMENT:

CONSTRUCTION IS AN INDUSTRY WHERE THE SMALLEST MISTAKE COULD LEAD TO

INJURY OR EVEN WORSE, DEATH. THIS IS WHY SAFETY MANAGEMENT IS CONSIDERED A
HUGE PART OF THE FUNCTIONS OF CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT. IN ORDER TO SAFELY
START A PROJECT, A MANAGER MUST FIRST PLAN AHEAD AND DETERMINE ALL THE
POTENTIAL SAFETY HAZARDS FOR EACH JOB. BY IMPLEMENTING SAFETY PROTOCOLS
SUCH AS PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT AND ZONING, MANAGERS CAN PREVENT
INJURY TO BOTH WORKERS AND BYSTANDERS.
WHAT IS CONSTRUCTION TEAM? DEFINE ROLE OF EACH MEMBER IN IT.

THE TERM ‘CONSTRUCTION TEAM’ CAN HAVE NUMEROUS INTERPRETATIONS IN THE

INDUSTRY. IF IT INVOLVES THOSE ROLES THAT ARE NEEDED TO PHYSICALLY CONSTRUCT
THE PROJECT, IT WILL BE DIFFERENT THAN IF IT INVOLVES THOSE WHO ARE
RESPONSIBLE FOR THE CONCEPTION, PLANNING AND DESIGN OF THE PROJECT, SUCH AS
THE ARCHITECT AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEER.

VERY BROADLY, THE CONSTRUCTION TEAM WILL INCLUDE THOSE PROJECT TEAM
MEMBERS WHO ARE TASKED WITH PHYSICALLY CONSTRUCTING WHAT THE DESIGN
TEAM HAS STIPULATED IN ITS DOCUMENTATION AND SPECIFICATIONS. DURING THE
COURSE OF THE PROJECT, THE CONSTRUCTION TEAM MAY BE SUBJECT TO PERIODIC
CHECKS AND INSPECTIONS BY DESIGN TEAM MEMBERS TO ENSURE THE CONSTRUCTION
IS ON TRACK TO MEET THE SPECIFICATION AND CLIENT REQUIREMENTS.

THE CONSTRUCTION CLIENT:

THE CLIENT IS THE PERSON/COMPANY FOR WHICH THE BUILDING IS BEING BUILT. THE
CLIENT WILL DEFINE THE AESTHETIC AND FUNCTIONAL NEEDS FOR THEIR BUILDING.

CONSTRUCTION MANAGER:
THE CONSTRUCTION MANAGER IS RESPONSIBLE FOR OVERSEEING THE ENTIRETY OF THE
PROJECT FROM START TO FINISH. THEY MAY INDIVIDUALLY MANAGE A PROJECT, OR
WORK WITH OTHER CONSTRUCTION MANAGERS DEPENDING ON THE SCALE OF THE
PROJECT AND ITS COMPLEXITIES. THEY ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR PLANNING, BUDGETING,
AND OVERSEEING PROGRESS.

ESTIMATOR:

THE ESTIMATOR IS RESPONSIBLE FOR ESTIMATING THE COSTS, MATERIALS, AND LABOR
NEEDED TO COMPLETE A PROJECT. THEY MUST BE FULLY VERSED ON THE PROJECT AND
BE ABLE TO QUANTIFY THE PROJECT USING SPECIFIC METRICS. THEY USE SOPHISTICATED
ESTIMATING SOFTWARE TO AID THEM, BUT MUST ALSO COMMUNICATE WITH THE REST
OF THE TEAM AND OUTSIDE COMPANIES IN ORDER TO GAIN KNOWLEDGE ON THE COSTS
OF DIFFERENT TASKS.

ARCHITECT:

THE ARCHITECT DEVELOPS THE BUILDINGS’ DESIGN, TAKING THE CLIENT’S BRIEF AND
COMBINING IT WITH THE ADVICE OF THE SPECIALIST CONSULTANTS. THIS THEN HAS TO
BE DEVELOPED TO MEET THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE BUILDING REGULATIONS AND
INCREASINGLY SUSTAINABILITY. ARCHITECTS HAVE SIGNIFICANT INVOLVEMENT IN
PRODUCT SELECTION.
ARCHITECTS WANT TO UNDERSTAND HOW YOUR PRODUCT CONTRIBUTES TO THEIR
OVERALL DESIGN AND THE BUILDING’S PERFORMANCE. THEY ARE OFTEN SHORT ON
TIME SO IT IS IMPORTANT, WHEN PRESENTING YOUR PRODUCT, THAT THE INFORMATION
IS EASY TO UNDERSTAND AND TO THE POINT. PROVIDE TOOLS, SUCH AS PRE-WRITTEN
SPECIFICATION DOCUMENTS, TO MAKE IT EASY FOR THE ARCHITECT TO SPECIFY YOUR
PRODUCT.

SUPERVISOR:
THE JOB SUPERVISOR ACTS AS AN INTERMEDIARY BETWEEN THE FIELD WORKERS AND
THE MANAGEMENT OFFICE TO ENSURE EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION. MANY
SUPERVISORS BENEFIT FROM THE USE OF COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY ON THEIR
MOBILE DEVICES THAT ALLOW THEM TO STREAMLINE THIS CONSTANT
COMMUNICATION. ASIDE FROM THIS, THEY ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY PROBLEMS OR
CONFLICTS THAT MAY ARISE BETWEEN THE FIELD AND THE OFFICE.

ENGINEER:
ENGINEERS ARE VERY IMPORTANT ON A JOBSITE AND MAY SPECIALIZE IN BUILDING,
ELECTRICAL, MECHANICAL, HIGHWAY OR HEAVY. ENGINEERS USE COMPUTER SOFTWARE
TECHNOLOGY TO CREATE PLANS FOR THEIR PROJECTS AND TRAVEL TO JOBSITES TO
OVERSEE THEIR IMPLEMENTATION. THEY MEET REGULARLY WITH OTHERS ON THE TEAM
TO ENSURE THAT THEIR PLANS CAN BE EXECUTED.

ELECTRICIAN:
THE ELECTRICIAN IS IN CHARGE OF MAKING ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS IN A BUILDING.
THIS INCLUDES INSTALLING THE WIRING FOR ALL ELECTRICAL STRUCTURES IN A
BUILDING AND ENSURING THEIR FUNCTIONALITY. ELECTRICIANS MUST BE MASTERS AT
TROUBLESHOOTING. MUCH OF THEIR JOB INCLUDES FIXING PROBLEMS THAT MAY ARISE
WHICH REQUIRES A HIGH LEVEL OF PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS AND CRITICAL THINKING.

CONSTRUCTION FOREMAN:
THE FOREMAN IS THE HEAD OF THE WORKERS IN THE FIELD. HE OVERSEES THE PROJECT
ON-SITE AND TRACKS WORKER’S TIMECARD AND COMPLETION OF TASKS ON SCHEDULE.
THE FOREMAN IS THE DIRECT RESPONSE FOR ANY PROBLEMS OR INJURIES THAT OCCUR
ON A JOB SITE. HE IS ALSO IN CHARGE OF PERSONNEL INCLUDING TIMECARDS, PAYROLL,
AND OFTEN HIRING OR PROMOTION.

WHAT IS MEANT BY CONSTRUCTION PLANNING?

CONSTRUCTION PLANNING IS THE FIRST STAGE OF CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT, THE

DISCIPLINE OF TAKING A CONSTRUCTION PROJECT FROM CONCEPTION TO COMPLETION.
CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT INCLUDES SEVERAL OTHER COMPONENTS THAT SUCCEED
PLANNING, HOWEVER: SCHEDULING IS DECIDING WHEN TO START, EXECUTE, AND
COMPLETE EACH TASK. ORGANIZING IS GETTING ALL THE MOVING PIECES IN POSITION
TO PERFORM EACH TASK. STAFFING IS ASSIGNING PEOPLE TO DUTIES RELATED TO THE
PROJECT. DIRECTING IS ENSURING THAT YOU COMPLETE TASKS AS PLANNED, AND
MONITORING IS ENSURING THAT YOU MEET THE REQUIREMENTS AND PERFORMANCE
BENCHMARKS SET DURING THE PLANNING STAGE.

IN THE CONSTRUCTION PLANNING PROCESS, YOU’LL PRODUCE A DOCUMENT CALLED THE

CONSTRUCTION MASTER PLAN. THIS SPELLS OUT HOW YOU WILL SCHEDULE, ORGANIZE,
DIRECT, MONITOR, AND CONTROL THE PROJECT, AND AIMS TO MEET THE PROJECT’S
TECHNICAL, TIME, AND COST REQUIREMENTS. THE CONSTRUCTION MASTER PLAN
INCLUDES THREE TYPES OF PLANNING: STRATEGIC PLANNING, OPERATIONAL PLANNING,
AND SCHEDULING. ONE CRITICAL ASPECT OF CONSTRUCTION PLANNING IS CREATING A
SAFETY PLAN FOR THE CONSTRUCTION SITE
DESCRIBE THE VARIOUS STAGES AT WHICH THE PLANNING JOB IS DONE.

FOR EVERY STAGE OF A CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, FROM THE SIMPLEST TO THE MOST
COMPLEX, THERE ARE CERTAIN STEPS AND PROCESSES THAT NEED TO BE FOLLOWED TO
ENSURE A SUCCESSFUL OUTCOME.

PROJECTS IN CONSTRUCTION MAY VARY BASED ON THEIR SIZE, THE NUMBER OF

STAKEHOLDERS INVOLVED, BUDGET AND DELIVERY DATE. REGARDLESS OF THE CASE,
THOUGH, A CONSTRUCTION PROJECT IS ALWAYS A LONG AND DEMANDING PROCESS.

FOLLOWING ARE THE 6 STAGES OF CONSTRUCTION PLANNING JOB.

1. THE CONCEPT OF A PROJECT

2. DESIGN
3. PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE
4. PROCUREMENT STAGE
5. CONSTRUCTION STAGE
6. POST-CONSTRUCTION STAGE

THE CONCEPTION OF THE PROJECT:

NORMALLY, THE CONCEPTION OF THE PROJECT STARTS WITH THE CLIENT. THIS IS WHERE
THE DREAM BEGINS AS WELL AS THE RESEARCH FOR THE RIGHT LOCATION AND THE
SPECIFICATIONS/STANDARDS THAT SHOULD BE FOLLOWED. DEPENDING ON THE PROJECT,
THE CONCEPTION STAGE MIGHT VARY. IT CAN TAKE ANYWHERE FROM A FEW DAYS TO A
FEW MONTHS OR MORE, DEPENDING ON HOW IMMINENT IS THE NEED FOR THE
COMPLETION OF THE PROJECT.

DESIGN:

ONCE THE PROJECT IS CLOSER TO FRUITION, IT IS TIME TO SIT DOWN AND TALK DESIGN.
THIS IS STILL A PRELIMINARY STAGE, WHICH MEANS THAT NOTHING IS GUARANTEED AT
THIS POINT. NEVERTHELESS, DESIGN IS THE STAGE WHERE USUALLY THE BIDDING
PROCESS BEGINS.

THE TEAM THAT IS IN CHARGE OF THE DESIGN, LED BY AN ARCHITECT OR AN ENGINEER,

WILL NEED TO MAKE SURE THAT EACH OF THE STATE REGULATIONS AND CODES IS MET
WHILE RESPECTING THE VISION OF THE PROJECT OWNER AS WELL AS ENSURING THAT
THE NEWLY BUILT STRUCTURE WILL BE USABLE.

THERE ARE NORMALLY FOUR DIFFERENT STEPS WITHIN THE DESIGN STAGE AND THEY
INCLUDE PROGRAMMING AND FEASIBILITY, SCHEMATIC DESIGN, DESIGN DEVELOPMENT,
AND CONTRACT DOCUMENTS.
THE PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE:
THE NEXT STAGE OF A CONSTRUCTION PROJECT BEGINS WHEN THE BIDDING IS
COMPLETED AND THE CONTRACTOR HAS BEEN CHOSEN TO DO THE WORK. AS SOON AS
THE CONTRACTOR IS CHOSEN, THE PROJECT TEAM IS PUT TOGETHER.

TYPICALLY, A PROJECT TEAM HAS THE TASK TO PREPARE THE CONSTRUCTION SITE
BEFORE THE WORK BEGINS. AS A RULE, IT CONSISTS OF THE FOLLOWING SPECIALTIES:

 CONTRACT ADMINISTRATOR
 PROJECT MANAGER
 SUPERINTENDENT
 FIELD ENGINEER
 HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGER

THE PROCUREMENT STAGE:

NOW IT’S TIME FOR THE PROJECT TEAM TO ORDER AND OBTAIN MATERIALS, EQUIPMENT,
AND WORKFORCE. THIS STAGE OF THE PROJECT CAN BE MORE OR LESS COMPLEX AND
CHALLENGING DEPENDING ON HOW BIG THE PROJECT IS, THE AVAILABLE RESOURCES
AND THE AGREED START DATE. MANY OF THE BIG CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES HAVE
THEIR OWN PROCUREMENT DEPARTMENTS. IN SUCH CASES, IT IS COMMON THAT THE
CONSTRUCTION COMPANY WILL SIMULTANEOUSLY ORDER LABOURERS, EQUIPMENT
AND MATERIALS FOR A NUMBER OF PROJECTS. THIS PROCESS MIGHT VARY A LOT IN
SMALLER PROJECTS.

ALL THIS WORK IS USUALLY PERFORMED BY THE GENERAL CONTRACTOR, HOWEVER,

THERE ARE TIMES WHEN SUBCONTRACTORS WILL BE IN CHARGE OF CERTAIN PARTS. THE
SUBCONTRACTORS MAY BE RESPONSIBLE FOR HIRING THEIR OWN WORKERS OR
OBTAINING THEIR OWN MATERIALS SO THAT THEY KNOW THAT THEY HAVE EXACTLY
WHAT THEY NEED TO COMPLETE THEIR PORTION OF THE JOB.

THE CONSTRUCTION STAGE:

BEFORE THE CONSTRUCTION WORK BEGINS, A PRE-CONSTRUCTION MEETING IS DONE TO

ENSURE THAT EVERYONE IS ON THE SAME PAGE WHEN THE CONSTRUCTION STARTS. THIS
MEETING NORMALLY INCLUDES INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING TOPICS:

 HOW TO ACCESS THE JOB SITE

 THE QUALITY CONTROL OF THE PROJECT

 HOW AND WHERE TO STORE ALL THE MATERIALS

 THE HOURS THAT EVERYONE WILL BE WORKING

THE POST-CONSTRUCTION STAGE:

LAST BUT CERTAINLY NOT LEAST, THE POST-CONSTRUCTION STAGE. NOW THAT ALL THE
WORK ON THE JOB SITE HAS BEEN COMPLETED, THE PROJECT WILL SOON COME TO A
CLOSE. NONETHELESS, THERE ARE STILL A FEW STEPS THAT NEED TO BE DONE BEFORE
THE KEYS TO THE BUILDING CAN BE HANDED OVER.

IN GENERAL, THE FINAL STAGE OF THE CONSTRUCTION PROJECT IS DIVIDED INTO THREE
CRITICAL STEPS:

NEW CONSTRUCTION BUILDING COMMISSIONING:

FIRST THINGS FIRST, AN INSPECTION OF THE WHOLE BUILDING NEEDS TO BE DONE. IF

EVERYTHING IS DONE CORRECTLY, THESE INSPECTIONS ARE FAIRLY SIMPLE TO PASS.

OWNER OCCUPANCY:

NOW THAT THE TRAINING IS COMPLETED, THE OWNER CAN TAKE OVER THE BUILDING.
THIS IS WHEN THE WARRANTY PERIOD IS ON. IN THAT WAY, THE PROJECT OWNER CAN
FEEL SAFE THAT THERE IS ENOUGH TIME TO EXAMINE ALL THE DIFFERENT SYSTEMS,
EQUIPMENT, AND MATERIALS THAT HAVE BEEN INSTALLED.

THERE ARE THREE MAIN TYPES OF WARRANTY IN CONSTRUCTION:

 EXPRESS WARRANTY: IT IS NORMALLY INCLUDED IN THE CONTRACT.

 IMPLIED WARRANTY: IT IS IMPOSED BY LAW.
 STATUTORY WARRANTY: IT IS INTRODUCED IN A STATE’S REGULATIONS.

 CLOSURE:

THAT IS THE LAST STEP IN THE LONG PROCESS OF DESIGNING AND COMPLETING A
CONSTRUCTION PROJECT. THE PROJECT TEAM HAS TO OVERALL CONTRACTUAL
AGREEMENTS AND MAKE SURE THAT THE PROJECT IS FREE FROM ANY TYPE OF LEGAL
BURDEN.

AT THIS POINT, IT IS ALSO A GOOD PRACTICE TO CARRY OUT A POST-PROJECT REVIEW

WHICH COULD HELP THE DIFFERENT AGENTS TO DETECT ANY TASKS THAT WEREN’T
COMPLETED, ANALYSE WHY THIS HAPPENED AND PUT TOGETHER A LIST OF INSIGHTS
FOR THE FUTURE.

A POST-PROJECT REVIEW CAN ALSO BE THE FOUNDATION FOR THE CREATION OF AN IN-
DEPTH PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT.