‫‪------‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻓﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ‪ ،25‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ،2‬ﺹ‪------2014 ،55-43‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﻜﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻱ ﻟﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺴﺞ ﻭﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻌﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻬﺭ ﺩﺠﻠﺔ ﻀﻤﻥ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل‬

‫ﺴﺎﻁﻊ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻰ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﻜﻴﺭ*‬ ‫ﺇﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﺍﺝ‬

‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻡ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬
‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل‬
‫‪*E-mail: [email protected]‬‬

‫)ُﺃﺴﺘﻠﻡ ‪ 2013 / 5 /5‬؛ ُﻗﺒل ‪(2013 / 6 / 26‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺨﺹ‬
‫ﺘﻀﻤﻨﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ )ﺍﻟﺭﺼـﺎﺹ ‪ Pb‬ﻭﺍﻟﻜـﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ ‪ (Cd‬ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻀﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﻜﺒﺩ ﻭﻏﻼﺼﻡ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴـﺎﺩﻱ ‪Cyprinus‬‬
‫‪ carpio‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﻌﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﻜﻲ ‪ Condrostoma regium‬ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺸﻨﻲ ‪ ،Liza abu‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻡ ﺠﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻨﻬﺭ ﺩﺠﻠﺔ ﻀﻤﻥ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻓﺼﻠﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺭﺒﻴﻊ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ 2011‬ﻭﺸﺘﺎﺀ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ .2012‬ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻘﻁﻊ ﻨﻬﺭ ﺩﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻤﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل ﻭﻫﻲ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺸﻤﺎل ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل )ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﻤـﺸﻴﺭﻓﺔ( ﻭﻋـﺩﺕ‬
‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻤﻥ ﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ )ﻗﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺩﻱ( ﻭﻤﻥ ﺠﻨﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ )ﻤﻨﻁﻘـﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺴـﻴﻑ( ﺒﻬـﺩﻑ‬
‫ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺠﺴﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﻭﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﺜﻡ ﻭﺼـﻭﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﻟـﻰ‬
‫ﺠﺴﻡ ﺍﻻﻨﺴﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻥ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻟﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﻋﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﻭﻟﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻴﺘﺒﻊ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺘﻴـﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻨـﺎﺯﻟﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺭﺼﺎﺹ < ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺴﺞ ﺍﻻﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﻨﻬﺭ ﺩﺠﻠﺔ ﻭﻟﻠﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ‬
‫ﻴﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴل ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪ :‬ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺴﻴﻑ < ﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ < ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﻤﺸﻴﺭﻓﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﻜﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻱ ﻟﻠﺭﺼﺎﺹ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﻨﺴﺞ ﻭﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﺯﻟﻲ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺩ < ﺍﻟﻐﻼﺼﻡ < ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻼﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻭﻀﺤﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﻜﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻱ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺴﺞ ﻭﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺃﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﺯﻟﻲ ﺍﻵﺘـﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﻼﺼﻡ < ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺩ < ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻼﺕ‪ .‬ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺩل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻨﻭﻉ ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻭﺙ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﻴﺠﻌل ﺍﻷﺴـﻤﺎﻙ ﺩﻟـﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺤﻴﻭﻴﹰﺎ ﺠﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻭﺙ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺭﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﻜﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ‪ ،‬ﻨﻬﺭ ﺩﺠﻠﺔ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺇﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﺍﺝ ﻭﺁﺨﺭﻭﻥ‬ 44

Bioaccumulation Study of some Heavy Metals in Tissues and Organs

of Three Collected Fish Species in Tigris River within Mosul City
Eman S. Al-Sarraj Muna H. Janker Sati M. Al-Rawi
Department of Biology
Environmental Research center
College of Science
University of Mosul
University of Mosul

ABSTRACT
The present study includes the determination of concentrations of some heavy metals
(Lead Pb and Cadmium Cd) in muscles, liver and gills of the three economic fish species:
Cyprinus carpia, Condrostoma regiumand Liza abu. These fishes were collected from three
sites along sides of Tigris river in Mosul city, during spring 2011 to winter 2012.
The three sites along Tigris river were the entry of Mosul city (Mushirfa site) which is
considered as control, Middle city (near the Iron old bridge) and the ending city (Albosaif
site).
The aim of the study is to assess the accumulative levels of these metals in fish and
their transporting in food chains till arrived to human body.
The results showed that the concentration rank of the metals in fishes followed the
describing sequence: Albosaif site > middle city > Mushirfa site. Lead bioaccumulation in
fishes tissues and organs followed the descending sequence: liver > gills > muscles.
The results also showed that cadmium bioaccumulation in fish tissues and organs
followed the descending sequence: gills> liver > muscles. These highest values were
refereed to variety in pollution sources with heavy metals in the river and made the fishes as
a good pollution bioindicater.

Keywords: Lead, Cadmium, bioaccumulation, fish, Tigris river.

‫ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬
‫ ﻭﺘـﺴﺒﺏ ﺨﻠـﻼ ﻓـﻲ‬،‫ﺘﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﺤـﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﺜـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘـﺩﺨل ﺒﻴﺌـﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴـﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺫﺒـﺔ‬
‫ ﻭ ﻴﻨﻌﻜﺱ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﺍﻭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻻﻨـﺴﺎﻥ‬،(Canli and Kalay, 1998) ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ‬
‫ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺼﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻤﺔ ﺇﺫ ﺘﻌﺩ ﺴﻤﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﺠﻴﻨﻴـﺔ‬.(Kaviraj and Konar, 1982)
‫ ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻟﻜل ﻋﻨﺼﺭ ﻓﺘـﺭﺍﻜﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﺼـﺎﺹ‬Carcinagenic ‫ ﻭﻤﻭﺍﺩﹰﺍ ﻤﺴﺭﻁﻨﺔ‬Genotox
‫ﻤﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻀﺭﺍﺭﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺒﻲ ﻭﻗﺩ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻠل ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻋﻨـﺩ ﺘﺭﺴـﺒﻪ ﺒـﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻓﻭﺴـﻔﺎﺕ‬
‫ ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ‬.‫ﺍﻟﺭﺼﺎﺹ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻨﺴﺠﺔ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻨﻊ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻻﻴﻌﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺒﻴﺔ ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﺭﺴﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﻜل ﺍﻟﻌﻅﻤﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻊ ﻟﻼﻨﺯﻴﻡ ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺘﺜﺒﻴﻁ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻪ ﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﺘﺴﻤﻡ ﺒـﻪ‬
‫ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﺜﺔ ﻭﺒﺸﻜل ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴـﺯ ﻤﻨﺨﻔـﻀﺔ ﻻ ﺘﺘﺠـﺎﻭﺯ‬.‫ﺘﺴﺒﺏ ﻫﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺒﻌﻴﺩﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻭﺙ ﻭﻻ ﺘـﺼﺏ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ ﺍﻟﻔـﻀﻼﺕ‬/‫ ﻤﻠﻐﻡ‬50
‫ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻥ ﺘﻠﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ‬،(2002) ‫ ﻭﺁﺨﺭﻭﻥ‬Behra ‫ ﺇﺫ ﺍﺸﺎﺭ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ‬
‫‪45‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﻜﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻱ ﻟﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ‪.......‬‬

‫ﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﻋﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻟﻸﻏﺭﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﺸﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻷﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﻟﻠﺘﻠﻭﺙ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻜﺎﻟﻔـﻀﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺯﻟﻴـﺔ ﻭﻨـﺸﺎﻁﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺩﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﻜﺈﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺒﻴﺩﺍﺕ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺜﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻅـﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌـﻲ ﺍﻟﻤـﺎﺌﻲ‬
‫)‪ .(Gallardet et al., 2004; Karak et al., 2010‬ﻟﺫﺍ ﺘﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ ﺃﺨﻁﺭ ﻤﻠﻭﺜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﺫ‬
‫ﺘﻨﺘﺸﺭ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺼﺭﻑ ﻤﻴﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﺜﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻱ ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻓﺘﺘﺭﺍﻜﻡ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻤـﻭﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻤﺴﺒﺒﺔ ﺃﺨﻁﺭ ﺍﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻭﺙ ﺒﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻭﻤﻨﻬـﺎ ﺍﻟﺭﺼـﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﺤـﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺼـﻴﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺯﺌﺒﻕ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﻌﺩ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﻤﺼﺩﺭﺍ ﻏﺫﺍﺌﻴﺎ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﺎ ﻭﺭﺨﻴﺹ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻥ ﻭﻭﺍﺴﻊ ﺍﻻﻨﺘـﺸﺎﺭ ﻓـﻲ ﻤﺨﺘﻠـﻑ ﺍﻨﺤـﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌـﺎﻟﻡ‬
‫)‪ ،(Olaifa et al., 2004‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺜﺭﻭﺓ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺫﺍﺕ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻏﺫﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻏﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺒﺭﻭﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻴـﻭﺍﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺠﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻱ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺩﺍﺌﻤﺔ ﻭﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺴﻬﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻀﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺤﻤﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﺩﻫﻨﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺒﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻜﺱ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺭﺍﺀ )‪.(Dallinger et al., 1987‬‬
‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻭﺍﺴﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺒـﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻨﺘﻘـﺎل ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼـﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠـﺔ‬
‫ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺅﻭﻟﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺘـﺄﺜﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟـﻀﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻤـﺴﺒﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤـﻭﺕ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻻﻨﻅﻤـﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴـﺔ‬
‫)‪ ،(Farkas et al., 2002‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺍﻥ ﻟﻸﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﻜﻡ ﺒﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻭﺍﺴﺏ ﺒﺴﺒﺏ‬
‫ﺘﻐﺫﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻁﺤﺎﻟﺏ ﻭﺍﻻﺤﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌـﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴـﺔ‬
‫)‪.(Olaifa et al., 2004‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺩﺨل ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺴل ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺇﻤﺎ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴـﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﺃﻭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﺼﻡ )‪ .(Blackmer, 2000‬ﻭﻴﻨﺘﻘل ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻡ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻜﺎﺌﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻰ ﺁﺨﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺫﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺘﺼل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻻﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻘﻊ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻗﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺭﻡ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺌﻲ )‪ .(Papagiannis et al., 2004; Rasheed, 2012‬ﻟﺫﺍ ﺍﺸﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻰ‬
‫ـﻭﺙ‬
‫ـﹰﺎ ﻟﺘﻠـ‬
‫ﻼ ﺤﻴﻭﻴـ‬
‫ـﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ـﺭﹰﺍ ﺍﻭ ﺩﻟـ‬
‫ـﺔ ﻤﺅﺸـ‬
‫ـﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺫﺒـ‬
‫ـﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﻴـ‬
‫ـﺔ ﻭﺍﺴـ‬
‫ـﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴـ‬
‫ـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﺴـ‬
‫ـﺔ ﺍﺴـ‬
‫ﺍﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴـ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ )ﺨﻠـﻑ ﻭﺁﺨـﺭﻭﻥ‪1986 ،‬؛ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻤـﻲ ﻭﺁﺨـﺭﻭﻥ‪1999 ،‬؛ ﺍﻟﻁـﺎﺌﻲ‪1999 ،‬؛‬
‫ﺍﻟﺯﺒﻴﺩﻱ ﻭﺼﺎﻟﺢ‪2001 ،‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﻀﺭ ﻭﺁﺨﺭﻭﻥ‪2002 ،‬؛ ﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺁﺨﺭﻭﻥ‪Karak et al., 2010; ) (2007 ،‬‬
‫‪.(Obasohan, 2007; Farkas et al., 2002‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﻜﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻱ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﻨﺴﺞ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓـﺔ ﻤـﺩﻯ‬
‫ﻼ ﺤﻴﻭﻴـﺎ ﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓـﺔ ﻤـﺩﻯ ﺘﻠـﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌـﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺭﻀﻬﺎ ﺨﻼل ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﺤﻴﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻭﺜﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺩﻟﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺘﻌﻴﺵ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﻨﻤﻭﻫﺎ ﻭﺘﻜﺎﺜﺭﻫﺎ )ﺠﺎﻨﻜﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻠﺒـﻲ‪2005 ،‬؛‬
‫ﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺁﺨﺭﻭﻥ‪2007 ،‬؛ ‪.(Mchim and Benoit, 1971; Farkas et al., 2002‬‬
 ‫ﺇﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﺍﺝ ﻭﺁﺨﺭﻭﻥ‬ ‫‪46‬‬

‫ﻭﻨﻅﺭﺍ ﻟﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻨﻬﺭ ﺩﺠﻠﺔ ﻀﻤﻥ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻭﺜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘﻤﻴـل‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﺭﺍﻜﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺤﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺭﺕ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺍﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻭﺍﺠﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻨﻬﺭ ﺩﺠﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘﻌـﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻜﺜﺭ ﺍﺴﺘﻬﻼﻜﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻻﻨﺴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﻜﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻱ ﻟﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﻭﻜﺒﺩ ﻭﻏﻼﺼﻡ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﺩﻟﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﺤﻴﻭﻴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻠﻭﺙ ﻨﻬﺭ ﺩﺠﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﻭﻁﺭﺍﺌﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬

‫‪ -1‬ﺠﻤﻊ ﻋﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺴﻤﺎﻙ‬
‫ﺠﻤﻌﺕ ﻋﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺸﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻬﺭ ﺩﺠﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺘﺩﺓ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﻤـﺸﻴﺭﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﺘﻰ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺴﻴﻑ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﺼﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺭﺒﻴﻊ ‪ 2011‬ﻭﺸﺘﺎﺀ ‪ ،2012‬ﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺘـﺭﺍﻜﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻱ ﻟﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺴﺞ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻜﺄﺩﻟﺔ ﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ ﺠﻴﺩﺓ ﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﻠﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ )ﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺁﺨﺭﻭﻥ‪ .(2007 ،‬ﺘﻤﺘﺎﺯ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﻗﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺒﺄﻁﻭﺍل ﺘﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﺒﻴﻥ )‪ (20-15‬ﺴـﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺒﺄﺤﺠﺎﻡ ﻤﺘﻘﺎﺭﺒﺔ ﻭﺃﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻻ ﺘﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‪ .‬ﺘﻡ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴـﻕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺸـﻑ ﺤـﺴﺏ ﻤـﺎ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫)‪ (Lagler, 1956‬ﻭﺒﻭﺍﻗﻊ ‪ 3‬ﻤﻜﺭﺭﺍﺕ ﻟﻠﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫‪.Cyprinus carpio‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫‪.1‬‬
‫‪.Condrostoma regium‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻌﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﻜﻲ‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫‪.Liza abu‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺸﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪.3‬‬
‫ﻨﻘﻠﺕ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺒﻼﺴﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺤﺎﻭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻡ ﻋﺯل ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﻭﻏﻼﺼﻡ ﻭﻜﺒﺩ ﻜل ﺴﻤﻜﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺤﺩﻯ ﺒﺈﺘﺒﺎﻉ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ )‪ (Lucky, 1977‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﺸﺭﻴﺢ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -2‬ﺘﺤﻀﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﻜﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻱ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺴﺞ ﺍﻻﺴﻤﺎﻙ‬
‫ﺘﻡ ﻭﺯﻥ ‪ 0.2‬ﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺴﺞ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﺼﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻀﻼﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺒﺩ ﻟﻜل ﻨﻭﻉ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻷﺴـﻤﺎﻙ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺤـﺩﻯ‪،‬‬
‫ﻥ ﺤﺠﻤﻴﺔ ﻨﻅﻴﻔﺔ ‪ Mccontry vials‬ﺴﻌﺔ ‪ 10‬ﻤل ﺃﻀﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﺎ ‪ 1‬ﻤل ﻤـﻥ ﻤﺤﻠـﻭل ﺍﻟﻬـﻀﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻭﻀﻌﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻨﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺤﺎﻤﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺭﻴﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻭﺤﺎﻤﺽ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺭﻴﺘﻴﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻭﺤـﺎﻤﺽ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻜﻠﻭﺭﻴـﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜـﺯ ﻭﺒﻨـﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫)‪ ،(1:1:1‬ﻏﻠﻘﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻭﺘﺭﻜﺕ ﻟﻤﺩﺓ )‪ (72-48‬ﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﻓﺔ ﻹﻜﻤﺎل ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﻬـﻀﻡ‬
‫ل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻜﻤل ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻡ ﺍﻟﻰ ‪ 10‬ﻤل ﻭﺭﺸﺤﺕ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸﺢ ﺍﻟﻐـﺸﺎﺌﻲ ﺜـﻡ ﻗﻴـﺴﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺨﻔﻔﺕ ﺒﻤﺎﺀ ﺨﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻤﺘﺼﺎﺼﻴﺔ ﻟﻜل ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﺒﺎﺴـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺠﻬـﺎﺯ ﻤﻁﻴـﺎﻑ ﺍﻻﻤﺘـﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟـﺫﺭﻱ ‪Spectrophotometric Atomic‬‬
‫‪ ،Absorption‬ﻭﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ ﺒـ ﻤﺎﻴﻜﺭﻭﻏﺭﺍﻡ‪/‬ﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﻁﺏ‪.‬‬
‫‪47‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﻜﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻱ ﻟﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ‪.......‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻲ‬
‫ﻨﻔﺫﺕ ﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ﻋﺎﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻤل‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﻠﻠﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺩﻨﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻯ ﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻓﺭﻕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﻭﻋﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤـﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﺤﺘﻤﺎﻟﻴـﺔ‬
‫)‪.(P≤0.05‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﺜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼـﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺼـﺎﺹ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻌﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﻤﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺼل ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺠﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤـﺴﺘﻬﻠﻙ ﺒﻭﺼـﻔﻬﺎ ﻏـﺩﺍ ًﺀ ﺃﺴﺎﺴـﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﺭﺨﻴـﺼﹰﺎ‬
‫)‪ ،(Olaifa et al., 2004‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺍﻥ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻲ ﻻ ﻴﻌﻜـﺱ ﺒﺎﻟـﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺩﺭﺠـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻭﺙ ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺔ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺤﻴﺎﺀ )ﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺁﺨﺭﻭﻥ‪2007 ،‬؛ ‪.(Gulfraz et al., 2001‬‬
‫ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﺭﺼﺎﺹ )‪(Pb‬‬
‫ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (1‬ﻤﻌﺩل ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﺭﺼﺎﺹ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺴﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻼﺼﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺴﻤﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ ‪ Cyprinus carpio‬ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻌﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﻜﻲ ‪ Condrostoma regium‬ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺸﻨﻲ ‪Liza abu‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻡ ﺠﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﻤﺸﻴﺭﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺴﻴﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻬﺭ ﺩﺠﻠﺔ ﻀـﻤﻥ ﻤﺩﻴﻨـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل‪ .‬ﺇﺫ ﻟﻭﺤﻅ ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻱ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﺤﺘﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ )‪ (P≤0.05‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﺭﺼـﺎﺹ ﻓـﻲ ﻜـل ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻼﺼﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺴﻤﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻌﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﻜﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺸﻨﻲ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻬـﺭ‬
‫ﺒﺎﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺴﻴﻑ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﺭﺼﺎﺹ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺴﺞ ﻭﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﻨﻔﺱ ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﻤﺸﻴﺭﻓﺔ‬
‫)ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺘﻀﺢ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (1‬ﺍﻥ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﺼﺎﺹ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺴﻤﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻌـﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﻠـﻭﻜﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺸﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻬﺭ ﺩﺠﻠﺔ ﻴﺘﺭﻜﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺩ ﺍﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﺼﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻀﻼﺕ‪ .‬ﺍﺫ ﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﺭﺘﻔـﺎﻉ ﻤﻌﻨـﻭﻱ‬
‫)‪ (P≤0.05‬ﻟﻠﺭﺼﺎﺹ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺒﺩ ﺴﻤﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻌﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﻜﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺸﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻌـﺔ ﻤـﻥ ﻤﻨﻁﻘـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺴﻴﻑ )‪ (1.728± 12.049 ) ،(1.644± 12.13) ،(1.437 ± 12.59‬ﻤﺎﻴﻜﺭﻭﻏﺭﺍﻡ‪/‬ﻏـﻡ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟـﻭﺯﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﻁﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻌﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﻤﺸﻴﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﺩﺕ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ )‪،(1.243 ± 6.22‬‬
‫)‪ (1.640±6.58) ،(1.341 ± 6.198‬ﻤﺎﻴﻜﺭﻭﻏﺭﺍﻡ‪/‬ﻏﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻥ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠـﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻭﺍﻗـﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜـﺔ ﻗـﺩ ﺍﺘﺒـﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠـﺴل ﺍﻵﺘـﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺴﻴﻑ< ﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ < ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﻤﺸﻴﺭﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻥ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﺼﺎﺹ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﻨﺴﺞ ﺍﻷﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺃﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﻨﻬﺭ ﺩﺠﻠﺔ ﻤﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ ﻭﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﺘﺒﻊ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴل ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﺯﻟﻲ ﺍﻻﺘﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺩ< ﺍﻟﻐﻼﺼﻡ< ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻼﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﻅﻬﺭ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻤﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺴﻤﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺸﻨﻲ < ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ < ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻌﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻤـﺎ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻤـﻪ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﻼﺼﻡ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺍﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴل ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﺯﻟﻲ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪ :‬ﺴﻤﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ< ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻌﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﻜﻲ< ﺍﻟﺨﺸﻨﻲ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﺇﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﺍﺝ ﻭﺁﺨﺭﻭﻥ‬ ‫‪48‬‬

‫ﺘﺘﻔﻕ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻭﺼل ﺍﻟﻴﻪ ‪ Saadalla‬ﻭﺁﺨﺭﻭﻥ )‪ ،(1997‬ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘـﺭﺍﻜﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻴـﻭﻱ‬
‫ﻟﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ )ﺍﻟﺭﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻐﻨﻴﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻜﻭﺒﻠﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻜل‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺼﻴﻥ( ﻓﻲ ﺃﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺃﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺫﺒـﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨـﻲ ‪ Barbus sharpeyi‬ﻭﺍﻟـﺸﺒﻭﻁ ‪ Barbus grypus‬ﻭﺍﻟـﺸﻠﻙ ‪Aspius vorax‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻁﺎﻥ ‪ Barbus xanthopterus‬ﻤﻥ ﻨﻬﺭﻱ ﺩﺠﻠﺔ ﻭﺩﻴﺎﻟﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺠﻤﻌـﺕ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻨﻬﺭ ﺩﻴﺎﻟﻰ ﻅﻬﺭ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻡ ﺠﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻬﺭ ﺩﺠﻠـﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤـﺎ ﺃﻅﻬـﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﺘﺒﺎﻴﻨﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺴﺠﻬﺎ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺍﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻜﺜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﺼﻡ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﻻﺤﻅ ﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻡ ﻟﻠﺘﺭﺍﻜﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻭﻁ ﻭﺃﻭﻁﺌﻬﺎ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟـﺸﻠﻙ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻋﺯﻯ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﺼﻡ ﻫﻲ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﻨﻔﻭﺫﹰﺍ ﻟﻠﺠﺴﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺸﻜل ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻔﺱ ﻭﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻻﻭﺯﻤﻭﺯﻴـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﺘﻤﺎﺴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﺍﻻﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺘﺄﺜﺭﹰﺍ )‪.(Ortize et al., 2003‬‬
‫ﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (2‬ﺍﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻋﹰﺎ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﹰﺎ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤـﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﺤﺘﻤﺎﻟﻴـﺔ )‪ (P≤0.05‬ﻓـﻲ ﺘﺭﻜﻴـﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺼﺎﺹ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺴﺞ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﻭﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺄﺨﻭﺫﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻬﺭ ﺩﺠﻠﺔ ﻀﻤﻥ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﻟﻠﺭﺼﺎﺹ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺒﺩ ﺴﻤﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴـﺎﺩﻱ ﺒﻤﻌـﺩل ﺘﺭﻜﻴـﺯ )‪(1.829±9.175‬‬
‫ﻤﺎﻴﻜﺭﻭﻏﺭﺍﻡ‪/‬ﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﻁﺏ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻜﺒﺩ ﺴﻤﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻌﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﻜﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺸﻨﻲ‪ .‬ﺭﺍﻜﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺩ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﻤﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ ﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﻤﻭﻗﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﺇﺫ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻟﻠﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺩﻤﻭﻴﺔ )‪ .(Adefemi et al., 2008‬ﺍﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﻼﺼﻡ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺍﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺴﻤﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ )‪ (4.01±8.78‬ﻤﺎﻴﻜﺭﻭﻏﺭﺍﻡ‪/‬ﻏﻡ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﻁﺏ‪ ،‬ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻏﻼﺼﻡ ﺴﻤﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻌﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﻜﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺸﻨﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻼﺕ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺍﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻤﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺴﻤﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻌﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﻜﻲ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺴﻤﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺸﻨﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺼﺎﺹ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻨﻬﺭ ﺩﺠﻠﺔ ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺴل ﺍﻟـﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻗـﺎﺕ ﻋﻨـﺩ ﺴـﻘﻭﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻤﻁﺎﺭ ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻨﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻨﻬﺭ ﺩﺠﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﺘﻔﻕ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻭﺼل ﺍﻟﻴﻪ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﻀﺭ ﻭﺁﺨﺭﻭﻥ )‪ ،(2002‬ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻡ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﻭﻜﺒﺩ ﻭﻏﻼﺼﻡ ﺃﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ ‪ Cyprinus carpio‬ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘـﻡ‬
‫ﺠﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺜﻼﺙ ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻭﺍﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻥ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴـﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﻋﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﻭﻟﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺫﺠﺔ ﻴﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻨـﺎﺯﻟﻲ ﺍﻵﺘـﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴـﺩ< ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺼـﻴﻥ<‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺱ< ﺍﻟﺭﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻋﺯﻯ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻻﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﻤﻊ ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭ ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻭﻓﺭﺘﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﻓﺄﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﺯﻟﻲ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺩ< ﺍﻟﻐﻼﺼﻡ< ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻼﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺘﻔﻕ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ )‪ ،(Karak et al., 2010‬ﺍﺫ ﺘﻭﺼﻠﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻥ ﺘﺭﻜﻴـﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺼﺎﺹ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺃﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ ‪ Cyprinus carpio‬ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻘﻠﻴـل ﻤـﻥ ﺘﺭﻜﻴـﺯﻩ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺃﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺭﻱ ‪ Barbus luteus‬ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺸﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺕ ﻀﻤﻥ ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬
‫ﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺴﻭﺭﻴﺎ ﻭﻻﺤﻅﻭﺍ ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﺭﺼﺎﺹ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺩ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻼﺕ ﻓـﻲ ﻜـﻼ ﺍﻟﻨـﻭﻋﻴﻥ‪،‬‬
‫‪49‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﻜﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻱ ﻟﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ‪.......‬‬

‫ﻭﺃﻋﺯﻯ ﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺭﺼﺎﺹ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﻭﺴﺔ ﻟﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺒﻌﺽ ﻤﺼﺎﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺼﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭ ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﻔﻴﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺭﻤﻲ ﺒﻌـﺽ‬
‫ﻨﻭﺍﺘﺠﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭ ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﺘﻔﻕ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﺍﻟﻴـﻪ ﺍﻟﻁـﺎﺌﻲ )‪ (1999‬ﺤﻴـﺙ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺴﺎﻡ ﻟﻜل ﺍﻻﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﺩﺍﺨل ﻤﻊ ﺃﻴـﺽ‬
‫ﺃﺸﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻥ ﻋﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺼﺎﺹ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺼﻴﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﻅﻬﺭ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﻟﻠﺭﺼﺎﺹ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺴﻤﻙ ﺍﻟﺸﻠﻙ ‪ Asbius vorax‬ﻴﻠﻴـﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻨـﻲ‬
‫‪ Barbus sharpie‬ﺜﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ ‪ ،Cyprinus carpio‬ﻭﻋﺯﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺫﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻻﺴﻤﺎﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻟﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺼﺎﺹ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺒﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺫﺍﺌﺒﺔ ﻭﺩﻗﺎﺌﻘﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺼﺎﺹ ﻴﺘﺭﺍﻜﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺤـﺩ‬
‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ )‪.(Merscht et al., 1993‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻤﻭﻤﺎ ﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﺭﺼﺎﺹ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻷﺤﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﻻﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﻴـﺄﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻨﺸﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻫﻡ ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻭﺙ ﺒﺎﻟﺭﺼﺎﺹ ﻫﻲ ﻤـﺼﺎﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻁﺎﺭﻴـﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﻨﺎﺒﻴـﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻠﻭﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻘل ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﺏ )ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﻀﺭ ﻭﺁﺨﺭﻭﻥ‪2002 ،‬؛ ‪ (Gaw et al., 1999‬ﻭﻜﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻻﻟﻘﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻌﺩ ﺍﻟـﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﻤـﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤـﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻠـﻭﺙ ﺒﺎﻟﺭﺼـﺎﺹ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﻌـﺭﺍﻕ‬
‫)‪ ،(Mohammed, 2003‬ﺇﺫ ﻴﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺯﻭﻟﻴﻥ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺭﺍﺒﻊ ﺃﺜﻴل ﺍﻟﺭﺼﺎﺹ ﻟﺘﺤـﺴﻴﻥ ﺍﺴـﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﺘﺤﻭﻴـل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺼﺎﺹ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ )ﺃﻭﻜﺴﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺼﺎﺹ( ﺘﻁﻠﻕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ‪ :1‬ﻤﻌﺩل ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﺭﺼﺎﺹ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺴﺞ ﻭﺍﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺍﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﻨﻬﺭ ﺩﺠﻠﺔ ﻀﻤﻥ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل‬
‫ﻭﺤﺴﺏ ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺫﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﺭﺼﺎﺹ )ﻤﺎﻴﻜﺭﻭﻏﺭﺍﻡ‪/‬ﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﻁﺏ(‬
‫* ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩل ‪ ±‬ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺄ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﻲ‬
‫ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻴﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﻼﺼﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬
‫‪c‬‬ ‫‪b‬‬ ‫‪b‬‬
‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﻤﺸﻴﺭﻓﺔ )ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ(‬
‫‪1.089±6.213‬‬ ‫‪1.243±6.22‬‬ ‫‪1.682±3.570‬‬
‫‪b‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪Cyprinus‬ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪1.946±9.623‬‬ ‫‪1.76±10.212‬‬ ‫‪0.675±7.620‬‬ ‫‪carpio‬‬
‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬
‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺴﻴﻑ‬
‫‪1.349±12.08‬‬ ‫‪1.437±12.59‬‬ ‫‪1.993±9.775‬‬
‫‪b‬‬ ‫‪c‬‬ ‫‪b‬‬
‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﻤﺸﻴﺭﻓﺔ )ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ(‬
‫‪0.913±6.027‬‬ ‫‪1.341±6.198‬‬ ‫‪1.234±3.373‬‬
‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪b‬‬ ‫‪b‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻌﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﻜﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪2.037±9.395‬‬ ‫‪2.075±9.199‬‬ ‫‪3.235±5.54‬‬ ‫‪Condrostomer egium‬‬
‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬
‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺴﻴﻑ‬
‫‪1.545±11.40‬‬ ‫‪1.644±12.13‬‬ ‫‪1.331±10.046‬‬
‫‪b‬‬ ‫‪b‬‬ ‫‪b‬‬
‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﻤﺸﻴﺭﻓﺔ )ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ(‬
‫‪1.82±6.08‬‬ ‫‪1.640±6.58‬‬ ‫‪1.774±4.67‬‬
‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺸﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪1.829±9.21‬‬ ‫‪1.356±10.279‬‬ ‫‪1.157±7.799‬‬ ‫‪Liza abu‬‬
‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬
‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺴﻴﻑ‬
‫‪1.77±11.050‬‬ ‫‪1.728±12.049‬‬ ‫‪0.409±8.86‬‬
‫* ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩل ‪ ±‬ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺄ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﻲ ﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﻤﻜﺭﺭﺍﺕ‪.‬‬
‫**ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﻭﻋﺔ ﺒﺄﺤﺭﻑ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻤﻭﺩﻴ ﹰﺎ ﺘﺩل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻓﺭﻕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻱ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﺤﺘﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ )‪ (P≤0.05‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻜﺱ ﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺒﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺩﻨﻜﻥ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﺇﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﺍﺝ ﻭﺁﺨﺭﻭﻥ‬ ‫‪50‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ‪ :2‬ﻤﻌﺩل ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﺭﺼﺎﺹ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺴﺞ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﻨﻬﺭ ﺩﺠﻠﺔ ﻀﻤﻥ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل‬

‫ﻤﻌﺩل ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﺭﺼﺎﺹ )ﻤﺎﻴﻜﺭﻭﻏﺭﺍﻡ‪/‬ﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ‬

‫ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﻁﺏ(‪ ±‬ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺄ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﻼﺼﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻼﺕ‬
‫ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻜﺔ‬
‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪b‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫‪4.01±8.78‬‬ ‫‪1.829±9.175‬‬ ‫‪0.823±6.99‬‬ ‫‪Cyprinus carpio‬‬
‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻌﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﻜﻲ‬
‫‪0.081±6.81‬‬ ‫‪1.79±8.94‬‬ ‫‪1.829±9.67‬‬ ‫‪Condrostome regium‬‬
‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪b‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺸﻨﻲ‬
‫‪2.01±7.65‬‬ ‫‪1.57±7.109‬‬ ‫‪1.77±9.31‬‬ ‫‪Liza abu‬‬
‫*ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩل ‪±‬ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺄ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﻲ ﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﻤﻜﺭﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫**ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﻭﻋﺔ ﺒﺄﺤﺭﻑ ﻋﻤﻭﺩﻴﹰﺎ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺘﺩل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻓﺭﻕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻱ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﺤﺘﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ )‪ (P≤0. 05‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻜﺱ ﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺒﺤـﺴﺏ‬
‫ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺩﻨﻜﻥ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -2‬ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻨﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (3‬ﻤﻌﺩل ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺴﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻼﺼﻡ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺴﻤﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ ‪ Cyprinus carpio‬ﻭﺴـﻤﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻌـﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﻠـﻭﻜﻲ ‪Condrostoma regium‬‬
‫ﻭﺴﻤﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺸﻨﻲ ‪ Liza abu‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻡ ﺠﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭﺓ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺍﺫ ﺴﺠل ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻡ ﺍﻗـل‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻟﺘﺭﺍﻜﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﺼﻡ ﻟﻸﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل‬
‫)‪ (3‬ﺍﻥ ﺘﺴﻠﺴل ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺴﺞ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺃﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﺯﻟﻲ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﺼﻡ <ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺩ < ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻼﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺇﺫ ﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺭﺘﻔـﺎﻉ ﻤﻌﻨـﻭﻱ )‪ (P≤0.05‬ﻟﻠﻜـﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ ﻓـﻲ ﻏﻼﺼـﻡ ﺴـﻤﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺨـﺸﻨﻲ )‪(0.109±0.319‬‬
‫ﻤﺎﻴﻜﺭﻭﻏﺭﺍﻡ‪/‬ﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﻁﺏ ﺜﻡ ﻴﻠﻴﻪ ﻜﺒـﺩ ﺴـﻤﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻜـﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴـﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﺫ ﺒﻠـﻎ )‪(0.041±0.306‬‬
‫ﻤﺎﻴﻜﺭﻭﻏﺭﺍﻡ‪/‬ﻏﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺴﻤﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ )‪ (0.032±0.232‬ﻤﺎﻴﻜﺭﻭﻏﺭﺍﻡ‪/‬ﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﻁﺏ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻜﺒﺎﺩ ﻭﻏﻼﺼﻡ ﻭﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘـﺔ ﻤـﺸﻴﺭﻓﺔ )ﻜﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋـﺔ ﺴـﻴﻁﺭﺓ( ﺍﺫ ﺒﻠـﻎ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟﺘـﻭﺍﻟﻲ )‪،(0.021±0.182) ،(0.010±0.173‬‬
‫)‪ (0.021±0.163‬ﻤﺎﻴﻜﺭﻭﻏﺭﺍﻡ‪/‬ﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﻁﺏ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠـﺩﻭل )‪ (3‬ﺍﻥ ﺘـﺭﺍﻜﻡ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺴﺞ ﺍﻻﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﻨﻬﺭ ﺩﺠﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺃﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴل ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﺯﻟﻲ ﺍﻵﺘـﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺴﻴﻑ< ﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ< ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﻤﺸﻴﺭﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠـﺩﻭل )‪ (4‬ﺃﻋﻠـﻰ ﺘـﺭﺍﻜﻡ ﺤﻴـﻭﻱ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺴﻤﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻌﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﻜﻲ ﺒﻤﻌﺩل ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ )‪ (0.049±0.249‬ﻤﺎﻴﻜﺭﻭﻏﺭﺍﻡ‪/‬ﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟـﻭﺯﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﻁﺏ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺴﻤﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺴﻤﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺸﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺍﺘﺒﻌﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺴﻤﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻌﻭﻁ‬
‫‪51‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﻜﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻱ ﻟﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ‪.......‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﻜﻲ< ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ< ﺍﻟﺨﺸﻨﻲ‪ .‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻡ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺒﺩ ﺴﻤﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻜـﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴـﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫)‪ (1.125±0.234‬ﻤﺎﻴﻜﺭﻭﻏﺭﺍﻡ‪/‬ﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﻁﺏ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺴﻤﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻌﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﻜﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺨـﺸﻨﻲ ﺇﺫ ﺍﺘﺒـﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴل ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﺯﻟﻲ ﺍﻻﺘﻲ‪ :‬ﻜﺒﺩ ﺴﻤﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ< ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻌﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﻜﻲ< ﺍﻟﺨﺸﻨﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻡ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻏﻼﺼﻡ ﺴﻤﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺸﻨﻲ )‪ (1.11±0.251‬ﻤﺎﻴﻜﺭﻭﻏﺭﺍﻡ‪/‬ﻏﻡ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﻁﺏ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺴﻤﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﻌﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﻜﻲ ﺇﺫ ﺍﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴل ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﺯﻟﻲ ﺍﻻﺘﻲ‪ :‬ﻏﻼﺼﻡ‬
‫ﺴﻤﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺸﻨﻲ< ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ< ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻌﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﻜﻲ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻤﺒﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل )‪.(4‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ‪ :3‬ﻤﻌﺩل ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺴﻴﺞ ﻭﺍﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺍﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻬﺭ ﺩﺠﻠﺔ ﻀـﻤﻥ ﻤﺩﻴﻨـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل ﺤﺴﺏ ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬

‫ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ )ﻤﺎﻴﻜﺭﻭﻏﺭﺍﻡ‪/‬ﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﻁﺏ(‬

‫* ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩل ‪ ±‬ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺄ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﻲ‬
‫ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻴﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﻼﺼﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬
‫‪b‬‬ ‫‪b‬‬ ‫‪b‬‬
‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﻤﺸﻴﺭﻓﺔ )ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ(‬
‫‪0.018±0.179‬‬ ‫‪0.021±0.182‬‬ ‫‪0.021±0.163‬‬
‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪0.049±0.246‬‬ ‫‪0.045±0.259‬‬ ‫‪0.033±0.221‬‬ ‫‪Cyprinus carpio‬‬
‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬
‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺴﻴﻑ‬
‫‪0.039±0.270‬‬ ‫‪0.041±0.306‬‬ ‫‪0.032±0.232‬‬
‫‪b‬‬ ‫‪b‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬
‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﻤﺸﻴﺭﻓﺔ )ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ(‬
‫‪0.020±0.176‬‬ ‫‪0.025±0.193‬‬ ‫‪0.022±0.145‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻌﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﻜﻲ‬
‫‪b‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬
‫ﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫‪Condrostome‬‬
‫‪0.039±0.222‬‬ ‫‪0.037±0.261‬‬ ‫‪0.029 ±0.170‬‬
‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪ab‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪regium‬‬
‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺴﻴﻑ‬
‫‪0.026±0.271‬‬ ‫‪0.052±0.249‬‬ ‫‪0.066±0.214‬‬
‫‪b‬‬ ‫‪b‬‬ ‫‪b‬‬
‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﻤﺸﻴﺭﻓﺔ )ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ(‬
‫‪0.010±0.173‬‬ ‫‪0.012±0.193‬‬ ‫‪0.020±0.152‬‬
‫‪ab‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪ab‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺸﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪0.047±0.234‬‬ ‫‪0.049±0.256‬‬ ‫‪0.044±0.211‬‬ ‫‪Liza abu‬‬
‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬
‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺴﻴﻑ‬
‫‪0.109±0.319‬‬ ‫‪0.016±0.270‬‬ ‫‪0.043±0.231‬‬
‫* ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩل ‪ ±‬ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺄ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﻲ ﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﻤﻜﺭﺭﺍﺕ‪.‬‬
‫**ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﻭﻋﺔ ﺒﺄﺤﺭﻑ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻤﻭﺩﻴﺎ ﺘﺩل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻓﺭﻕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻱ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﺤﺘﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ )‪ (P≤0.05‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻜﺱ ﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺒﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺩﻨﻜﻥ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﺇﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﺍﺝ ﻭﺁﺨﺭﻭﻥ‬ ‫‪52‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ‪ :4‬ﻤﻌﺩل ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺴﺞ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﻨﻬﺭ ﺩﺠﻠﺔ ﻀﻤﻥ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل‬

‫ﻤﻌﺩل ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ )ﻤﺎﻴﻜﺭﻭﻏﺭﺍﻡ‪/‬ﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﻁﺏ( ‪±‬ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺄ‬

‫ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﻼﺼﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻼﺕ‬
‫ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻜﺔ‬
‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪b‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫‪0.035±0.242‬‬ ‫‪0.045±0.234‬‬ ‫‪0.043±0.205‬‬ ‫‪Cyprinus carpio‬‬
‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻌﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﻜﻲ‬
‫‪0.042±0.215‬‬ ‫‪0.040±0.223‬‬ ‫‪0.049±0.249‬‬ ‫‪Condrostome regium‬‬
‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺸﻨﻲ‬
‫‪0.060±0.251‬‬ ‫‪0.038±0.198‬‬ ‫‪0.047±0.232‬‬ ‫‪Liza abu‬‬
‫* ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩل ‪ ±‬ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺄ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﻲ ﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﻤﻜﺭﺭﺍﺕ‪.‬‬
‫**ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﻭﻋﺔ ﺒﺄﺤﺭﻑ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻤﻭﺩﻴﹰﺎ ﺘﺩل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻓﺭﻕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻱ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﺤﺘﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ )‪ (P≤0.05‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻜﺱ ﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺒﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﺨﺘﺒـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺩﻨﻜﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ﺘﺘﻔﻕ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺴﺞ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﻭﺴـﺔ ﻤـﻊ ﻤـﺎ ﺘﻭﺼـل ﺍﻟﻴـﻪ‬
‫)‪ (Karak et al., 2010‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺯﺌﺒﻕ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺒﺩ ﺃﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻨﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻼﺕ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﺘﻔﻕ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻭﺼل ﺍﻟﻴـﻪ ﻜـل ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺁﺨﺭﻭﻥ )‪ (2007‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﻭﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ )ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺭﺼـﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺼـﻴﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻐﻨﻴﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻴﻜل( ﻓﻲ ﻨﺴﺞ ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺃﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺭﻱ ‪ Barbus luteus‬ﻭﺍﻟـﺸﻠﻙ ‪Aspinus‬‬
‫‪ vorax‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺒﻭﻁ ‪ Barbus grybus‬ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻲ ‪ Hypophthalmicthys molotrix‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻌﺔ ﻤـﻥ ﻨﻬـﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻭل ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻤﺎ ﺃﺸﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﻨﻭﻉ ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻭﺙ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﻜـﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺴـﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﺩﻟـﺔ‬
‫ﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ ﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻭﺙ‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﺘﻔﻕ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﺍﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺌﻲ )‪ (1999‬ﻤـﻥ ﺘـﺭﺍﻜﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺃﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺸﻠﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻭﺠﺩﺕ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻭﻱ ﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﻫﻭ ‪ 2.23 ،2.01 ،1.95‬ﻤﺎﻴﻜﺭﻭﻏﺭﺍﻡ‪/‬ﻏﻡ ﻭﺯﻨﺎ ﺠﺎﻓﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻅﻬـﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻁﺔ‪ ،‬ﺘﻼﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻠﻙ )ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﺭﺱ( ﻭﺍﺨﻴـﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻲ )ﻨﺒﺎﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺫﻴﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﺼﺎﺹ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺴﺞ ﻭﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺠﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻬﺭ ﺩﺠﻠﺔ ﻀﻤﻥ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل ﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺞ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺭﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻔﺎﻭﺘﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻨﺼﺭﻴﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻴﺽ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﻭﺩﺭﺠـﺔ ﺘﻠـﻭﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻭﺍﺴﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﻟﻬـﺎ ﻓـﻀﻼ ﻋـﻥ ﻋﻭﺍﻤـل ﺍﺨـﺭﻯ ﻤﻨﻬـﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﺤـﺔ ﻭﺩﺭﺠـﺔ ﺍﻟﺤـﺭﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫)‪ ،(Canli and Kalay, 1998 ; Karak, et al., 2010‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻋﹰﺎ ﻤﻠﺤﻭﻅﹰﺎ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫‪53‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﻜﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻱ ﻟﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ‪.......‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺭﺼﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﺨﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﺤﺴﺏ ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻭ ﻭﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﻬـﺭ‬
‫ﻭﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﻭﺭﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﺎﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺞ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘـﺸﺎﺒﻪ ﻤـﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻭﺙ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ ﻜﺎﻟﻔﻀﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺴﻤﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺒﻴﺩﺍﺕ )ﺨﻠﻑ ﻭﺁﺨﺭﻭﻥ‪ (1986 ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻟﺘﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻨﻤﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺫﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻼﺕ ﻭﺃﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﺍﻷﺨـﺭﻯ‬
‫)‪ .(Forstner and Wittman, 1981‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻷﺴـﻤﺎﻙ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻭﺙ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺘﺭﺍﺕ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ )‪ (Mount and Stephan, 1967‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻼﺕ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻟـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭ ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻭﺜﺎﺕ ﻭﺒﻔﺘﺭﺍﺕ ﺯﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﺒﻔﻌل ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻻﻴﺽ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻴﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻨﻪ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻟﻌﻀﻼﺕ ﻭﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻌﻜﺱ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺼل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴـﺔ ﻭﺘﻨـﻭﻉ‬
‫ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭﻩ ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻜﺄﺩﻟﺔ ﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻠﻭﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻠـﻭﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺼل ﻟﻨﻬﺭ ﺩﺠﻠﺔ ﻭﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻴﺠﺏ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﺴﺒﺎﺒﻪ ﻭﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭﻩ ﻭﻤـﻥ ﺜـﻡ ﻤﺭﺍﻗﺒﺘـﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻨﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻻﻭل ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺸﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻨﻬﺭ ﺩﺠﻠﺔ )ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻤﺘﺩﺍﺩ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل(‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻴﻭﺼﻲ ﺒﺘﻜﺜﻴﻑ ﺍﻷﺒﺤﺎﺙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺤﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺸﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻬﺭ ﺩﺠﻠﺔ ﻭﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺒﻜﺎﻓـﺔ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻋﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺠﻨﺎﺴﻬﺎ ﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺘﻠﻭﺜﻬﺎ ﺒﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﻤﻨﻊ ﻭﺼﻭﻟﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺌﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻁﺎﻟﺏ؛ ﺒﻼﺴﻡ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻨﺎﺠﻲ؛ ﻋﻤﺎﺵ‪ ،‬ﻫﺩﻯ ﺼﺎﻟﺢ )‪ .(1999‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻭﺭﺍﺜﻴـﺔ ﺨﻠﻭﻴـﺔ ﻭﺩﻤﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺠﺯﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻟﺴﻤﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺸﻨﻲ )‪ Liza abua (Heckel‬ﻜﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﺒﺎﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﻠﻭﺙ ﺒﺎﻟﺯﺌﺒﻕ‪ .‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ‪.150-142 ،(5)4 ،‬‬
‫ﺠﺎﻨﻜﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﻰ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ؛ ﺍﻟﺠﻠﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺼﻲ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ )‪ .(2005‬ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﻜﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻱ ﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼـﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺌﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﺩﺒﻲ ﺤﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﺔ ‪ .Tetrahymena pyriformis‬ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻀﻤﻥ ﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻟﻤـﺅﺘﻤﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻻﻭل ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺠﻨﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺼﺭ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪.18-17‬‬
‫ﺨﻠﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯﻭﺭ ﻨﻌﻤﺎﻥ؛ ﺍﻟﺠﻌﻔﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺭﺸﻴﺩ؛ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﺴﻬﺎﺩ ﺼﺎﺩﻕ؛ ﻭﺭﺩﺓ ﻤـﺭﻴﻡ ﺍﺴـﺤﻕ )‪ .(1986‬ﺍﻟﺘـﺭﺍﻜﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻱ ﻟﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻨﺴﺠﺔ ﺴﻤﻙ ﺍﻟﻁﻭﻴﻨﻲ ‪ Barbus belayewi‬ﻤﻥ ﻨﻬﺭ ﺩﻴﺎﻟﻰ‪.‬‬
‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‪.27-25 ،(1)17 .‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺯﺒﻴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ﺸﻨﺎﻭﺓ؛ ﻭﺼﺎﻟﺢ‪ ،‬ﻤﻴﺴﻭﻥ ﻤﻬﺩﻱ )‪ .(2001‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻟﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺯﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺃﺴﻤﺎﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻭﻁ ‪ Borbus grypus‬ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻁﺎﻥ ‪ Barbus zanthopterus‬ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺭﻱ ‪ Silurus triostegus‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻨﻬﺭ ﺸﻁ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﺔ‪ .‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺒﺎﺒل‪ /‬ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﺭﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ‪.413-407 ،(3)6 .‬‬
 ‫ﺇﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﺍﺝ ﻭﺁﺨﺭﻭﻥ‬ 54

‫ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺜﻘﻴﻠـﺔ ﻓـﻲ‬.(2007) ‫ ﻤﻴﺴﻭﻥ ﻤﻬﺩﻱ‬،‫ ﻓﻜﺭﺕ ﻤﺠﻴﺩ؛ ﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬،‫ ﺠﺎﺴﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ؛ ﺤﺴﻥ‬،‫ﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ‬
،Aspiu svarax (Heckel) ‫ ﻭﺍﻟـﺸﻠﻙ‬،Barbus Luteuse (Heckel) ‫ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺃﺴـﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﺤﻤـﺭﻱ‬
Hypophthalmicthyes ‫ ﻭﺍﻟﻜـــﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻔـــﻀﻲ‬،Barbus grybus (Heckel) ‫ﻭﺍﻟـــﺸﺒﻭﻁ‬
،(1)10 ،‫ ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﺒﺤﺎﺙ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤـﺴﺘﺩﺍﻤﺔ‬.‫ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻌﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺕ‬molotrixpichardson
.19-5
.‫ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺯﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﺭﻭﺍﺴﺏ ﻭﺍﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﻭﻨﺒﺎﺘـﺎﺕ ﺸـﻁ ﺍﻟﺤﻠـﺔ‬.(1999) ‫ ﻤﻴﺴﻭﻥ ﻤﻬﺩﻱ ﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺌﻲ‬
.80-68 ‫ ﺹ‬،‫ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ‬،‫ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺒﺎﺒل‬،‫ﺍﻁﺭﻭﺤﺔ ﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ‬
.(2002) ‫ ﻨﺒﻴل ﻋﺒـﺩ‬،‫ ﻓﺭﺩﻭﺱ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﻀﺎ‬،‫ ﺤﺴﻥ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ؛ ﺠﺎﺒﺭ‬،‫ ﻨﺠﻡ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩ؛ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‬،‫ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﻀﺭ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻡ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﻭﻜﺒﺩ ﻭﻏﻼﺼﻡ ﺃﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ‬
،(1)7 ،‫ ﻟﻠﻌﻠـﻭﻡ ﺍﻟـﺼﺭﻓﺔ‬،‫ ﻤﺠﻠـﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺴـﻴﺔ‬.‫ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻌﺔ ﻤـﻥ ﻨﻬـﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻭﺍﻨﻴـﺔ‬Cyprinus carpio
.194-189
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻻﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ‬
Adefemi, S.O.; Asaolu, S.S.; Olaofe, O. (2008). Determination of heavy metals in Tilapia
mossambicuis fish, Associated water and sediment from Ureje Dam in South-
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