11

Earth and
Life Science
(Quarter 2-Module 4/Lesson 4/
Week 4)
 
 

Genetic Engineering

Department of Education
SDO – City of San Fernando (LU)
Region 1
 
11
Earth and
Life Science
(Quarter 2-Module 4/Lesson 4/
Week 4)
Genetic Engineering

Most Essential Competency:

Describe the process of genetic engineering (S11/12LT-IIej- 17)
Evaluate the benefits and risks of using GMOs (S11/12LT-IIej- 19)

i
 
For the parents:
 

1. Please guide your child while he is studying and answering the tasks provided in
this module.
2. Remind your child about his study time and schedule so he can finish the
module.
3. Let your child answer the module activities independently however, assist him
only when necessary.
4. I will call on a certain time based on the schedule to explain the lessons in the
module.
Kindly return the whole module and answer sheets on _________ during Fridays at
____________________.

1 For the learners:

1. Read carefully the directions so that you will know what to do.
2. If there are directions or topics in the module that are difficult for you to
understand, feel free to ask from your parents or companions at home.
However, if you still could not understand, you can call me at this number,
_____________so I could explain it to you clearly.
3. Answer the activities in the module on the specific day for the subject. Use a
separate sheet of paper for your answers. Avoid writing or tearing the pages of
this module because this will be used by other pupils/students like you.
4. Write important concepts in your notebook regarding your lesson. This will help
you in your review later.
You need to finish the activities in this module so that you can give this to your
parents on ___________________________.

1 Always remember these health tips:

2  

1. Remember to wear your face mask properly and regularly.

2. Always wash your hands with clean water and soap.
3. Cover your mouth and nose with handkerchief whenever you cough or sneeze.
4. Follow the one-meter distance so that you will prevent the spread of the virus.

ii
 What I Need to Know
Hello, dear students!
Are you ready to dive to a new pool of knowledge that can excite your curiosity?
In this module, we are going to focus on Genetic Engineering with the following
competencies:
 Describe the process of genetic engineering (S11/12LT-IIej- 17)
 Evaluate the benefits and risks of using GMOs (S11/12LT-IIej- 19)

What I Know

DIRECTIONS: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. What is the acronym GMO stands for?
a. Genetic Micro Organisms
b. Genetically Modeled Organisms
c. Genetically Modified Organisms
d. Genetic Mollified Organisms
2. The following statements describes how genes of a certain organism is altered, EXCEPT?
a. Mitosis
b. Mutation of existing genes
c. Recombination
d. Removal of genes
3. Which of the following is the field of Science that deals with heredity and the variation of
inherited characteristics?
a. Anatomy c. Engineering
b. Ecology d. Genetics
4. What is Genetic Engineering?
a. Organism having DNA has been modified in the laboratory in order to favor the
expression of desired traits
b. The process of using technology to alter the genetic makeup of an organism.
c. Both a and b

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 d. None of the above
5. Which of the following organisms is the most common GMO?
a. Amoeba c. Fungi
b. Bacteria d. Mouse
6. By changing which proteins are produced, genetic engineers can affect the overall traits of
the organism. Is this statement true?
a. No c. Yes, but only one trait.
b. Yes d. Not enough information.
7. Which of the following is always affected during/after Genetic Engineering?
a. Lipid synthesis c. Protein synthesis
b. Locomotion d. Reproduction
8. What is a genome?
a. Aid in the reproduction of cells.
b. Organism's complete set of genetic instructions.
c. Synthesize protein.
d. Trigger human metabolism and maintain homeostasis.
9. What is an organism?
a. Contains all an animal needs to survive such as food and shelter.
b. Group that share a genetic heritage and to create offspring.
c. Living thing that feeds on organic matter.
d. Living thing that has an organized structure, can perform various functions.
10. Which of the following paired letters represent the human male chromosomes?
a. XX c. YX
b. XY d. YY

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 LESSON
GENETIC ENGINEERING
4
What is the difference between the mice in these
two groups? This can be answered through this lesson on
Genetic Engineering and GMO.

Source: https://image.shutterstock.com/

What’s In
DIRECTIONS: Organize the disordered letters. Describe each term briefly.

C R P O R D O E T I N U

S I O S I F N

R N A F M T O T N G I E A

D U G B I N D

L E X A U S
A S O T S E N E G P N E R H I

M E T S A R H I R D I M O P H
3
N L A T I F I T R E I O Z

L N R E I N T A

L E A X A U S

What’s New
 

DIRECTIONS: What comes to your mind if you heard about Genetics and Engineering?
Share your thoughts below.

Genetics –

Engineering –

What is it
Genetic Engineering

  Genetic engineering is the direct modification of

an organism’s genome, which is the list of specific traits (genes) stored in the DNA.
Changing the genome enables engineers to give desirable properties to different organisms.
Organisms created by genetic engineering are called genetically modified organisms
(GMOs).
Source: https://cdn.labmanager.com/

History of GMO Development

1973: created first genetically modified bacteria
1974: created GM mice
1982: first commercial development of GMOs (insulin-
producing bacteria)
1994: began to sell genetically modified food 2003: began
Source: https://i2.wp.com/biofortified.org/
to sell GMOs as pets (GloFish)
Genetically modified by adding
a gene from sea coral to
What is the GMO process? zebrafish eggs, which
All genetic changes affect the protein synthesis of fluoresces under ultraviolet
light.
the organism. By changing which proteins are produced,
genetic engineers can affect the overall traits of the organism.
Genetic modification can be completed by a number of different methods:
 Inserting new genetic material randomly or
in targeted locations
 Direct replacement of genes (recombination)
 Removal of genes
 Mutation of existing genes
Source: https://media.springernature.com/

Watch this video to know more:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vribRyVQ6G8

GMO Bacteria
Bacteria are the most common GMOs because their simple structure permits easy
manipulation of their DNA. One of the most interesting uses for genetically modified bacteria
is the production of hydrocarbons (plastics and fuels) usually only found in fossil fuels.
5
 Cyanobacteria have been modified to produce plastic (polyethylene) and fuel
(butanol) as byproducts of photosynthesis
 E. Coli bacteria have been modified to produce diesel fuel
 Source: https://slideplayer.com/

Engineering Plants

How might genetic engineering modify plants to solve everyday

problems?

Source: https://previews.123rf.com/

Genetically Modified Crops

GMO crop production in the US (2010):
 93% of soybeans
 93% of cotton
 86% of corn
 95% of sugar
Source: data:image/jpeg;base64,/
beets
Note: in the Philippines we have BT corn and golden
rice

Example:
One common modified crop is Bt-corn-a gene from
the Bt bacteria is added so the corn produces a protein that is
poisonous to certain insects but not humans.
Banana Vaccines -Modified virus injected in sapling tree
causes the bananas to contain virus proteins
Venomous Cabbage-Scorpion genes added to the cabbage
Source: https://www.motherjones.com/
prevent insects from eating it.

Other Reasons to Genetically Modify Crops 6

 Insect resistant
 Herbicide resistant
 Drought/freeze resistant
  Disease resistant
 Higher yield
 Faster growth
 Improved nutrition
 Longer shelf life

Engineering Animals
 Bioluminescent Animals
Uses:
o Protein tracking
o Disease detection using bioluminescent imaging (BLI) to identify different
types of cells
o Novelty pets (Glofish are available now)
 Fast-Growing Salmon
Genes from two other fish cause this salmon to continually produce growth hormones.
 Less Smelly Cows
Modifying bacteria responsible for methane production in cattle results in 25% less-
flatulent cows.
 Web-Producing Goats
Spider genes in goats enable the production of spider silk in goat milk.

Watch this video to know more GMOs:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bmi45JLJOgU

What’s More
GMO Concerns
What are some concerns regarding genetically modified foods and animals?
 Risk to human health; unsafe to eat
 Harm to the environment and wildlife
 Increased pesticide and herbicide use
 Farmers’ health
 Seed and pollen drift
 7
Creation of herbicide-resistant super weeds
What about genetic engineering in humans?
Nearly 50 countries around the world, including Australia, Japan and all of the
countries in the European Union, have enacted significant restrictions or full bans on the
production and sale of genetically modified organism food products, and 64 countries now
have GMO labeling requirements.

Enrichment activity 1:
DIRECTIONS: DIRECTIONS: Read and understand each questions and answer them
substantially.

1. Could genetic engineering be used to modify any animals to solve problems?

2. What are the advantages of GMO to humans? How about its disadvantages?

3. What are the use of GM bacteria? How about GM plants? How about GM animals?

Enrichment activity 2:
DIRECTIONS: Read the quote below and think about how it applies to genetically-modified
foods.
"Your scientists were so pre-occupied with whether or not they could, they didn't stop to think
if they should." (Jurassic Park 1993)

What I have Learned

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DIRECTIONS: Read each statement carefully and write TRUE if the statement is correct
otherwise, wrote FALSE if it is incorrect. Use the space provided below.

______________1. GMO post a great risk to human health.

______________2. GMO is a process of direct modification of an organism’s genome.
______________3. Fungi are the most common GMOs.
______________4. Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have altered genome.
______________5. Genetic engineers can affect only one trait of the organism.
______________6. In one of the GMO, the Venomous Cabbage, bee genes are added to the
cabbage to prevent insects from eating it.
______________7. Ascaris familiaris have been modified to produce diesel fuel.
______________8. Bioluminescent Animals were made for disease detection using
bioluminescent imaging (BLI) to identify different types of cells.
______________9. Spider genes in goats enable the production of spider silk in goat milk.
______________10. Cyanobacteria have been modified to produce plastic (polyethylene).

DIRECTIONS: Complete the table below by arranging the statements into the proper
category. Write only the LETTER inside the table. Use a separate sheet for your answer.
 
A. Creation of herbicide-resistant I. Herbicide resistant
super weeds Insect resistant J. Harm to the environment and
B. Drought/freeze resistant wildlife
C. Higher yield K. Increased pesticide and herbicide
D. Faster growth use
E. Improved nutrition L. Farmers’ health
F. Longer shelf life M. Disease resistant
G. Risk to human health N. Seed and pollen drift
H. unsafe to eat

Other Reasons to Genetically Modify GMO Concerns

Crops
9
 What I can do
DIRECTIONS: Research one genetically modified food of your choice. Follow the format
below. Include the following information:
1. Name of organism/food (common and scientific)
2. Drawing/Picture of organism/food.
3. Description of the processes involved in genetic modification
4. Risks/Benefits of modification

Description of the processes involved in genetic modification.

Name of organism/food (common and scientific)

Drawing/Picture of organism/food

Risks/Benefits of modification

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 Assessment
DIRECTIONS: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following is NOT reasons to Genetically Modify Crops?
a. Faster growth c. Longer shelf life
b. Improved nutrition d. Risk to human health
2. Arrange the following from the earliest to the latest events in the history of Genetic
Engineering.
I. Began to sell genetically modified food
II. Began to sell GMOs as pets (GloFish)
III. Created GM mice
IV. Created first genetically modified bacteria
V. First commercial development of GMOs (insulin-producing bacteria)
a. I, II, III, IV, V c. VI, III, V, I, II
b. I, II, V, IV, III d. VI, III, V, II, I
3. Which of the following GMO contains genes from two other fish causing this to
continually produce growth hormones?
a. Banana Vaccines c. Venomous Cabbage
b. Fast-Growing Salmon d. Web-Producing Goats
4. What is genetically modified in a GloFish?11
a. Adding a gene from sea coral to zebrafish eggs
b. Modified virus injected to contain virus proteins.
c. Spider genes enable the production of spider silk.
d. All of the above
5. Which of the following is a GMO concern?
a. Farmers’ health
b. Harm to the environment and wildlife
c. Increased pesticide and herbicide use
d. All of the above
6. By changing which proteins are produced, genetic engineers can affect the overall traits of
the organism. Is this statement true?
a. No c. Yes, but only one trait.
b. Yes d. Not enough information.
7. Which of the following is always affected during/after Genetic Engineering?
a. Lipid synthesis c. Protein synthesis
b. Locomotion d. Reproduction
8. What organism is being modified to produce diesel fuel?
a. Ascaris familiaris c. Cyanobacteria
b. Cabbage d. E. coli
9. What is an organism?
a. Contains all an animal needs to survive such as food and shelter.
b. Group that share a genetic heritage and to create offspring.
c. Living thing that feeds on organic matter.
d. Living thing that has an organized structure, can perform various functions.
10. What is being modified in making the Bt-corn-a?
a. Bt-a c. Corn
b. Bt bacteria d. Corn-a

Additional Activities 12
My GMO
DIRECTIONS: Assume the role of the genetic engineer, what specific GMO will you work
on (invent a new one)? Why did you choose that? Draw the prototype and explain your
answer.
GMO Rubrics

Poor Fair Good Excellent

1 pts 2 pts 3 pts 4 pts

Description Definition Basic Description Full description of

of GMO is description/ of GMO given GMO. Detailed
given. No definition of using information written
use of GMO's. scientific in simple terms in
scientific Scientific terminology which an audience
terminology terminology that is not could understand.
in order to is used but explained Explanation of any
further rarely fully or in scientific
 explain the explained. simple terminology.
GMO's. terms.

Focus No focus Focus given Focus given Focus given e.g.

e.g. e.g. Tomatoes, Golden
Tomatoes, Tomatoes, Rice as well as some
Golden Rice Golden Rice description of how
as well as this GMO is created
some
description of
how this
GMO is
created

Benefits No mention Mentions Explains Explains benefits

of benefits benefits benefits and and why in detail.
why Some scientific
explanation may be
useful in the details.

Creativity Not Includes Neat, could Very organized and

organized, some use more easy to find
difficult to graphics, graphics or information.
find information colors. Graphics included
information is briefly Somewhat and neatly
, no labeled. organized. constructed.
graphics
included.

13
My GMO

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References
cnx.org
Earth and Life Science. Rex Book Store 
https://www.rcampus.com/rubricshowc.cfm?code=XX55AX6&sp=yes&
https://Genetically_Modified_Foods.pdf
 
 
 Development Team of the Module
Writer: Elna J. Casilla
Special Science Teacher I
Editors/Evaluators/Reviewers: Thea Zonette S. Medrano
OIC- Assistant Principal, SHS

Brenda A. Sabado
Principal IV, LUNHS

Edgar P. Cosares
Education Program Supervisor, Science
SDO – City of San Fernando (La Union)
Illustrator: Elna J. Casilla
Special Science Teacher I
Layout Artist: Elna J. Casilla
Special Science Teacher I
Management Team: Dr. Rowena C. Banzon, CESO V, SDS
Dr. Wilfredo E. Sindayen, ASDS
Dr. Agnes B. Cacap, Chief- CID
Dr. Jose Mari P. Almeida, Chief- SGOD
Genevieve B. Ugay, EPS- LRMS
Hazel B. Libatique, Librarian II
Aurelio C. Dayag, Jr. , PDO II
Key Answer (Earth and Life Science)

What I Know Assessment

1. c 1. d
2. a 2. c
3. d 3. b
4. b 4. a
5. b 5. d
6. b 6. b
7. c 7. c
8. b 8. d
9. d 9. d
10. b 10. c