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Week-2 - Lesson-2 PDF

This document discusses network addressing in TCP/IP. It describes the four levels of addressing used: physical, logical, port, and specific. Physical addresses identify devices on a local network, such as a MAC address. Logical addresses uniquely identify devices on the internet, such as IPv4 and IPv6 addresses. Port addresses allow multiple applications on a device to communicate simultaneously. Specific addresses provide application-specific identifiers like email addresses and URLs.

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65 views

Week-2 - Lesson-2 PDF

This document discusses network addressing in TCP/IP. It describes the four levels of addressing used: physical, logical, port, and specific. Physical addresses identify devices on a local network, such as a MAC address. Logical addresses uniquely identify devices on the internet, such as IPv4 and IPv6 addresses. Port addresses allow multiple applications on a device to communicate simultaneously. Specific addresses provide application-specific identifiers like email addresses and URLs.

Uploaded by

Mamun Ahmed joy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DATA COMMUNICATION

CSE 225/233

WEEK-2, LESSON-2

NETWORK MODEL
Summary of the layers

Data Communication Lecture Series, NRC, MAY2020 2.2


TCP/IP Protocol Suite
The layers in the TCP/IP protocol suite do not exactly match
those in the OSI model. The original TCP/IP protocol suite was
defined as having four layers: host-to-network, internet,
transport, and application. However, when TCP/IP is compared
to OSI, we can say that the TCP/IP protocol suite is made of five
layers: physical, data link, network, transport, and application.

Data Communication Lecture Series, NRC, MAY2020 2.3


TCP/IP and OSI Model

Data Communication Lecture Series, NRC, MAY2020 2.4


Difference between TCP/IP and OSI

Data Communication Lecture Series, NRC, MAY2020 2.5


Addressing
Four levels of addresses are used in an internet employing
the TCP/IP protocols: physical, logical, port, and specific.

Topics discussed in this section:


Physical Addresses
Logical Addresses
Port Addresses
Specific Addresses

Data Communication Lecture Series, NRC, MAY2020 2.6


Addresses in TCP/IP

Data Communication Lecture Series, NRC, MAY2020 2.7


Physical Addresses
• The physical address, also known as the link address, is the
address of a node as defined by its LAN or WAN.
• The size and format of these addresses vary depending on the
network. For example, Ethernet uses a 6-byte (48-bit) physical
address.
• Physical addresses can be either unicast (one single recipient),
multicast (a group of recipients), or broadcast (to be received by
all systems in the network.
• Example: Most local area networks use a 48-bit (6-byte) physical
address written as 12 hexadecimal digits; every byte (2
hexadecimal digits) is separated by a colon, as shown below: A 6-
byte (12 hexadecimal digits) physical address 07:01:02:01:2C:4B

Data Communication Lecture Series, NRC, MAY2020 2.8


Logical Addresses
• Logical addresses are used by networking software to allow
packets to be independent of the physical connection of the
network, that is, to work with different network topologies and
types of media.
• A logical address in the Internet is currently a 32-bit/128-bit
address that can uniquely define a host connected to the
Internet. An internet address in IPv4 in decimal numbers
132.24.75.9
• No two publicly addressed and visible hosts on the Internet can
have the same IP address.
• The physical addresses will change from hop to hop, but the
logical addresses remain the same.
• The logical addresses can be either unicast (one single recipient),
multicast (a group of recipients), or broadcast (all systems in the
network). There are limitations on broadcast addresses.

Data Communication Lecture Series, NRC, MAY2020 2.9


Port Addresses
• There are many application running on the computer. Each
application run with a port no.(logically) on the computer.
• A port number is part of the addressing information used to
identify the senders and receivers of messages.
• Port numbers are most commonly used with TCP/IP connections.
• These port numbers allow different applications on the same
computer to share network resources simultaneously.
• The physical addresses change from hop to hop, but the logical
and port addresses usually remain the same.
• Example: a port address is a 16-bit address represented by one
decimal number 753

Data Communication Lecture Series, NRC, MAY2020 2.10


Specific Addresses

• Some applications have user-friendly addresses that are


designed for that specific application.
• Examples include the e-mail address (for example,
[email protected]) and the Universal Resource
Locator (URL) (for example, www.daffodilvarsity.edu.bd). The
first defines the recipient of an e-mail; the second is used to find
a document on the World Wide Web.

Data Communication Lecture Series, NRC, MAY2020 2.11


Exercises

• Go through the exercises given at the end of the chapter. Note


that, we are following the 4th Edition of Forouzan Book for this
chapter.

Data Communication Lecture Series, NRC, MAY2020 2.12


Data Communication Lecture Series, NRC, MAY2020 2.13

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