Lesson 1: Excerpt from Apolinario

Mabini's The Philippine Revolution:

Chapters 9 and 10 [Memoirs]

Apolinario Mabini
      - Filipino revolutionary leader, educator, lawyer and statesman who
served first as a legal and constitutional adviser to the Revolutionary
Government, and then as the first Prime Minister of the Philippines upon
the establishment of the First Philippine Republic.
     - He is regarded as the "Utak ng Himagsikan" or "Brain of the
Revolution".
     - Mabini performed all his revolutionary and governmental activities
despite having lost the use of both his legs to polio shortly before the
Philippine Revolution of 1896.
 
Lesson 2: Excerpt from Emilio
Aguinaldo's Mga Gunita ng
Himagsikan. [Memoirs]

Emilio Aguinaldo
     - A Filipino revolutionary, politician, and military leader who is officially
recognized as the first and the youngest President of the Philippines
(1899–1901) and first president of a constitutional republic in Asia

Lesson 2: Excerpt from Alfred

McCoy and Alejandro Roces'
Political Caricatures of the
American Era
          Philippine political cartoons gained full expression during the
American era. Filipino artists recorded national attitudes toward the coming
of the Americans as well as the changing mores and times. While the 377
cartoons compiled in this book speak for themselves, historian Alfred
McCoy’s extensive research in Philippine and American archives provides
a comprehensive background not only to the cartoons but to the turbulent
period as well. Artist-writer Alfredo Roces, who designed the book,
contributes an essay on Philippine graphic satire of the period.
 

Alfred McCoy
     - J.R.W. Smail Professor of History at the University of Wisconsin-
Madison who specializes in Southeast Asia.
     - He has written about and testified before Congress on, Philippine
political history, opium trafficking in the Golden Triangle, underworld crime
syndicates, and international political surveillance. 
 
**For the readings, kindly download the Week 7 file.

Lesson 1: Excerpt from Filipino

Grievances Against Governor
Wood by the Commission on
Independence

Leonard Wood
     - a United States Army major general, physician, and public official. He
served as the Chief of Staff of the United States Army, Military Governor of
Cuba and Governor General of the Philippines.
 
 
 
**For the readings, kindly download the Week 8 file.
Lesson 1: Raiders of the Sulu Sea
(Documentary Film)

Raiders of the Sulu Sea

      - A Historiography documentary film focusing on Zamboanga City
depicting how the Spaniards defended the city with the Fort Pilar as Spain’s
last stronghold and bastion of defense and economic expansion in the
South of the Philippines.
     - It depicts the Southeast Asian flourishing free trading in the area and
the adverse effects and repercussions when Europeans such as the
English, Dutch and Spanish who wanted to control the economy as well to
colonize and Christianize.
     - The documentary centers on the activities of the slave raiders as a
way of retaliation to the colonizers and a way to defend their way of life
against oppression.
     - The Sulu and Maguindanao sultanates were then the two main
kingdoms controlling the Muslim colonies of the southern Philippines. With
the king of Maguindanao, Rajah Dalasi, at the helm, they launched a
bloody attack on Fort Pilar.
 
 
     3 Different groups of Muslims identified in the
colonial sources

1. Tausug
     - A tribe without maritime experience, but known for its fierce warriors
and widespread political power
 
 
2. Illanun
     - The one which was very important in piracy history
     - Long-standing seafaring community
 
 

3. Balangingi Tribe or Samal

     - Occupied the chain of islands between Basilan and Sulu island
     - Also a long-standing seafaring community
 
 

Ancient Maritime Vessels and Weapons used by the

Moros
 

Garay
    - Built from bamboo, wood, and the nipa palm and could carry more
than 100 sailors.
     - This single-sailed ship was 25 meters long and six meters across and
housed a powder magazine and cannon at the bow.
     - With 30 to 60 oars on each side, the garay was faster than any other
seagoing vessel of its time
 
 
 

Salisipan
      - Small boats designed for coastal raids
 
 
 

Kalis
     - Sword with a mystical side
 
 
 
Barong
     - One the Tausug warriors use to cut off an M-14, a carbine
     - A single-edged leaf-shaped blade made of thick tempered steel
     - This approximately one-meter long weapon was used in close hand-to-
hand battle to cut Spanish firearms down to size.
 
 

Kris
     - Weapon of warfare and ceremony
     - Measuring up to 1.2 meters in length, was not only carried by slave
raiders into battle but also by nobles and high-ranking officials of the
southern sultanates
     - Double-edged and with either a smooth or wavy blade
 
 

   

Kampilan
     - Heavy single-edged sword adorned with hair to make it look even
more intimidating
     - At the tip of the blade are two horns projecting from the blunt side
which is used to pick up the head of a decapitated body

Lesson 2: A Legacy of Heroes,

Story of Bataan and Corregidor
(Documentary Film)
 
A Legacy of Heroes, The Story of Bataan and
Corregidor
     - It discusses World War 2 in the Philippines and how thousands of
heroic young Filipinos braved the odds and struggled to defend and protect
the freedom of their people and motherland.
     - The film centers on the stories of valor and heroism by the gallant
Filipino veterans of World War 2. Through the eyewitness accounts of
patriotic Filipino and American men who fought, the documentary returns to
the events of the war, beginning from the attacks of the Japanese at Pearl
Harbor, Hawaii and then the Philippines immediately after, to the battles in
Bataan and Corregidor and the Death March where courage and sacrifice
rose to its heights creating a saga in Philippine history and a legacy of
heroes that will always be remembered.    

Lesson 3: Works of Juan Luna and

Fernando Amorsolo (Paintings)
Juan Luna y Novicio (1857 – 1899)
Juan Luna
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Juan Luna Photo
Juan Luna is without doubt the most famous and celebrated Filipino artist in the history
of Philippines. With iconic and remarkable masterpieces such as ‘Spolarium’, ‘Blood
Compact’ and ‘The Death of Cleopatra’, Luna is known for his dynamic and unique
style, along with his dramatic and captivating canvases. His work is remembered as one
of the principal examples of Romanticism and Realism schools of art. Juan was not just
an artist, he was a revolutionary and influential political activist who was an active
participant in the Philippine Revolution that took place in the late 19th century.

Juan Novicio Luna was born on October 23, 1857, in the town of Badoc, Ilocos,
Philippines, to parents of Don Joaquin Luna de San Pedro y Posadas and Doña
Laureana Novicio y Ancheta. Juan came from a large family, and he was the third of
seven children. Juan’s interest and passion for art was instigated and fuelled by his
brother, Manuel Luna, who himself was a very talented and skilled painter. Juan began
attending the Ateneo de Manila, where he received his Bachelor of Arts degree, and
later, he went on to enroll himself at the Escuela Nautica de Manila, and became a
sailor.

However, becoming a sailor by profession did not dissuade Juan from giving free reign
to his artistic passions and pursuits to perfect his skill and talent, and thus, he began
taking lessons from the notable and influential painting instructor, Lorenzo Guerrero.
Later, he enrolled himself at the Academia de Dibujo y Pintura, where he benefited from
the tutelage of renowned Spanish artist, Agustin Saez. In 1877, Juan decided to travel
to Europe where he would complete his training and education in the art capitals of
Europe. He enrolled himself at the Escuela de Bellas Artes de San Fernando.

Juan first major artistic achievement came in 1881, when his iconic and remarkable
work, ‘The Death of Cleopatra’, was awarded a silver medal at the Exposicion Nacional
de Bellas Artes. Following this, his work began to garner immense fame, public
applause and critical acclaim, and he was firmly established as a commercially
successful and prolific artist. His talent and unique skill won him much favor with the
King of Spain, who was an influential patron and art enthusiast. Juan became a regular
contributor to the Exposición Nacional de Bellas Artes, where he won the gold medal in
1884, for his huge and captivating ‘Spolarium’, and in 1887, he contributed his ‘Battle at
Lepanto’.

Juan Luna is widely considered as the finest and most influential painter of Philippines,
who works are showcased in some of the most prestigious museums of his native
country, including the National Museum and the Lopez Museum. Some of his most
iconic and famous works include, ‘Mestiza Lady at her Dresser’, ‘Tampuhan’, ‘Roman
Ladies’, and ‘The Happy Beauty and the Blind Slave’ among many others.
Despite his commercial success and great talent, Juan’s life is overshadowed by the
dark controversies he became involved in because of his jealous disposition and
accusations at the loyalty of his wife, whom he accused of having an affair with
Monsieur Dussaq, a surgeon. On September 23, 1892, in a blinding rage of jealousy,
Juan murdered his wife, his mother-in-law, along with causing serious injuries to his
brother-in-law. Juan met his own death in 1899, at the age of 42.

   - A great Filipino painter, and occasionally a sculptor

     - He was a prominent propagandist who pushed for political reforms
along with Jose Rizal
     - His victory taking the gold medal in the 1884 Madrid Exposition of Fine
Arts for his “Spoliarium”, along with the 2nd prize silver of fellow Filipino
painter Felix Hidalgo, created a celebration that would be a highlight in the
memoirs of members of the Propaganda Movement
 

The following are some of the most historically and culturally significant
masterpieces of Juan Luna y Novicio:

Spoliarium (1884)
 
 
Parisian Life (1892)
 
 
 Blood Compact (1886)
 
 

Fernando Amorsolo y Cueto (1892-1972)

     - First National Artist in Painting (1972) of the Philippines, and is also
referred to as the "Grand Old Man of Philippine Art"
     - Amorsolo graduated from both Liceo de Manila Art School in 1909 and
the University of the Philippines School of Fine Arts. He also graduated
from U.P. with honors in 1914, and received a study grant in Madrid, Spain
     - While in New York, his art was influenced with an encounter with
postwar impressionism and cubism, creating a uniquely
FERNANDO AMORSOLO
National Artist for Visual Arts
(May 30, 1892 – April 24, 1972)

The country had its first National Artist in Fernando C. Amorsolo. The official title
“Grand Old Man of Philippine Art” was bestowed on Amorsolo when the Manila Hilton
inaugurated its art center on January 23, 1969, with an exhibit of a selection of his
works. Returning from his studies abroad in the 1920s, Amorsolo developed the
backlighting technique that became his trademark were figures, a cluster of leaves, a
spill of hair, the swell of breast, are seen aglow on canvas. This light, Nick Joaquin
opines, is the rapture of a sensualist utterly in love with the earth, with the Philippine
sun, and is an accurate expression of Amorsolo’s own exuberance. His citation
underscores all his years of creative activity which have “defined and perpetuated a
distinct element of the nation’s artistic and cultural heritage”.

The following are some of the most historically and culturally significant
masterpieces of Fernando Amorsolo y Cueto:
 
The Making of the Philippine Flag
 
 
Antipolo (1947)
 
 
 Rice Planting (1922)

Lesson 1: The Site of the First

Mass in the Philippines
 The Site of the First Mass in the Philippines
          The issue on this event in history is the question of, "Where did the
first mass really took place in the Philippines, is it in the traditional
Limasawa, or is it in the claimed Masao in Butuan?" 
 
**For the readings, kindly download the Week 10 (First Mass) file.

Lesson 2: The Cavite Mutiny and

the Rebellion Case Against
GomBurZa
 The Cavite Mutiny and the Rebellion Case Against
GomBurZa
          The primary sources are records that are concerned with the
controversy the surrounds the event of the Cavite Mutiny of 1872 and the
alleged involvement of the three martyred Filipino priests Frs. Jose Burgos,
Mariano Gomez and Jacinto Zamora more well known as Gomburza. The
issue is to settle whether or not the three priests were guilty of the rebellion
case they were accused of which resulted to their execution by “garrote” as
a penalty a month after the said mutiny.
QUIZES

Choose what does not belong:

Members of the Spanish panel in the Treaty of Paris.

  
Jose de Garnica
 

  
Felipe Agoncillo
 

  
Rafael Cerero
 

  
Montero Rios
 
 
Question 2
1 / 1 pts
Choose what does not belong:
Spain cedes to the United States:

  
Guam
 

  
Philippines
 

  
Porto Rico
 

  
Cuba
 
 
Question 3
1 / 1 pts
Choose what does not belong:
Spain engaged in war and insurrection with...

  
U.S.
 

  
Philippines
 

  
Cuba
 

  
Porto Rico
 
 
Question 4
1 / 1 pts
Choose what does not belong:
Members of the US panel in the Treaty of Paris

  
Cushman Davis
 

  
George Dewey
 

  
George Gray
 

  
William Day
 
 
IncorrectQuestion 5
0 / 1 pts
King of Spain during the Treaty of Paris

  
Alfonso XII
 

  
Philip II
 

  
Carlos I
 

  
Alfonso XIII
 
 
Question 6
1 / 1 pts
Spain relinquishes all claim of sovereignty and title to...

  
Philippines
 

  
Guam
 

  
Cuba
 

  
Porto Rico
 
 
Question 7
1 / 1 pts
The US action for the prisoners of war captured in Manila.

  
send to Spain
 

  
remain in Manila
 

  
for execution
 

  
transfer to US
 
 
Question 8
1 / 1 pts
President of the United States in the Treaty of Paris

  
Woodrow Wilson
 

  
William McKinley
 

  
George Washington
 

  
John Hay
 
 
Question 9
1 / 1 pts
The Philippines, Guam and Porto Rico were ceded by Spain to the U.S. for the amount
of...

  
$ 20 million
 

  
$ 400 thousand
 

  
P 200 million
 qqqqqqqqqqqqqqq

  
$ 200 million
 
 
Question 10
1 / 1 pts
Date the Treaty of Paris was concluded...

  
January 23, 1899
 

  
April 11, 1899
 

  
Dec. 10, 1898
 

  
June 12, 1898
 
 
Question 11
1 / 1 pts
In his bloodiest fight in the various towns of Cavite, how many approximately were the
Spanish troops that confronted and fight?

  
2,000
 

  
5,000
 

  
25,000
 

  
500
 
 
Question 12
1 / 1 pts
In the bloodiest fight, eventhough Aguinaldo won, one was a casualty and hero of the
battle of Binakayan, Cavite el Viejo.

  
Pio del Pilar
 

  
Mariano Noriel
 

  
Candido Tria Tirona
 

  
Crispulo Aguinaldo
 
 
Question 13
1 / 1 pts
When Andres Bonifacio arrived in Cavite he proceeded to the Magdiwang faction,
where in an election he was elected as...

  
director of interior
 

  
supremo
 

  
king
 
   
president
 
 
Question 14
1 / 1 pts
The following are true about the Magdalo faction, except one...

  
known for Cavite el Viejo
 

  
President is Baldomero Aguinaldo
 

  
republicanism is the form of government
 

  
the capital is San Francisco de Malabon, Cavite
 
 
Question 15
1 / 1 pts
Aguinaldo credits only one big battle for the Magdiwang that was fought trumphantly.
This battle was in

  
Pasong Santol
 

  
Imus
 

  
Binakayan
 

  
Dalahican
 
 
Question 16
1 / 1 pts
Who was absent in the oath-taking at Tanza, Cavite?

  
Emiliano Riego de Dios
 

  
Gen. Artemio Ricarte
 

  
Emilio Aguinaldo
 

  
Mariano Trias
 
 
Question 17
1 / 1 pts
When the Bonfacio brothers were captured and arrested, who insisted that there should
be a trial, and not just execute them? 

  
Mariano Noriel
 

  
Pio del Pilar
 

  
Emiliano Riego de Dios
 

  
Emilio Aguinaldo
 
 
Question 18
1 / 1 pts
What did Bonifacio do that resulted to the defeat of Pasong Santol?

  
intercepted the troops sent by Aguinaldo
 

  
declare null and void the government of Aguinaldo
 

  
deny the use of the Tejeros estate
 

  
plan to kidnap Aguinaldo
 
 
Question 19
1 / 1 pts
Who was Mariano Riego de Dios to Aguinaldo?

  
life saver
 

  
his aide
 

  
his best friend
 

  
a traitor
 
 
Question 20
1 / 1 pts
According to Aguinaldo, where was Andres Bonifacio executed?

  
Mt. Tala
 
   
Mt. Nagpatong
 

  
Mt. Buntis
 

  
Mt. Pico de Loro
 

IncorrectQuestion 1
0 / 1 pts
The political cartoon, “Is the Police bribed?”, appeared in what publication?

  
Phil. Free Press
 

  
El Renacimiento
 

  
The Independent
 

  
Bulletin Today
 
 
Question 2
1 / 1 pts
In the cartoon “Is the Police bribed?”, who are these police?

  
Muntinlupa
 

  
Caloocan
 

  
Pasay
 

  
Manila
 
 
Question 3
1 / 1 pts
“The Loyalty of the Filipinos” and “Is the Police bribed?” are both sketched by

  
Fernando Amorsolo
 

  
Vicente Sotto
 

  
Jorge Pineda
 

  
Juan Luna
 
 
IncorrectQuestion 4
1 / 1 pts
The “New Bird of Prey” is a caption which is an allusion to the “Birds of Prey”, which
attacked Secretary Dean C. Worcester by the paper:

  
The Independent
 

  
El Renacimiento
 

  
Phil. Free Press
 

  
Bulletin Today
 
 
Question 5
1 / 1 pts
The Governor who denounced “the rapacious demands of the landlords” and moved
towards a  heroic reform.

  
Dean Worcester
 

  
Leonard Wood
 

  
Dwight Davis
 

  
Francis B. Harrison
 
 
Question 6
1 / 1 pts
In the “While the Priest Lives Alone in a Big Building”, the question of property was
between the Roman Catholic Church and the:  

  
Aglipayan Church
 

  
Phil Trust Bank
 

  
Methodist Church
 

  
Iglesia ni Cristo
 
 
Question 7
1 / 1 pts
What was the paper whose publisher was Vicente Sotto?

  
Phil. Free Press
 

  
El Renacimiento
 

  
Manila Times
 

  
The Independent
 
 
Question 8
1 / 1 pts
In the “Where the Mosquito is King” the Filipinization program is mentioned. Whose
program is this?

  
Dwight Davis
 

  
Leonard Wood
 

  
Dean Worcester
 

  
Francis B. Harrison
 
 
Question 9
1 / 1 pts
In the “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity, what is it that legislators wanted to demand for
themselves:

  
tax exemption
 

  
gun possession
 

  
higher salary
 

  
pork barrel
 
 
Question 10
1 / 1 pts
In “The Returning Student”, the arbiter elegantiarum is a student who is:

  
proud
 

  
a scholar
 

  
fashionable
 

  
a town hero
 
 
IncorrectQuestion 11
0 / 1 pts
In the cartoon “Brothers Under the Skin” the confrontation between landlords and
tenants was appealed under the spirit of...

  
nationalism
 

  
freedom
 

  
equality
 

  
charity
 
 
Question 12
1 / 1 pts
In “The Loyalty of the Filipinos” the U.S. Congress has just declared war against:

  
Italy
 

  
Japan
 

  
China
 

  
Germany
 
 
Question 13
1 / 1 pts
Part of the complaint against Gov. Wood is that he substituted his Filipino constitutional
advisers for  those without legal standing in the government and not responsible to the
people. Who are these?

  
American military attaches
 
   
Chinese gambling lords
 

  
American political officials
 

  
Filipino rebels
 
 
Question 14
1 / 1 pts
What did Gov. Wood do to the Emergency Board? 

  
empower it
 

  
ignore it
 

  
create it
 

  
abolish it
 
 
Question 15
1 / 1 pts
Gov. Wood has attempted to close this bank that is  so necessary to the
economic development of the country.

  
Bank of the Philippine Islands
 

  
Philtrust Bank
 
   
Development Bank of the Philippines
 

  
Philippine National Bank
 
 
Question 16
1 / 1 pts
Governor Wood has promulgated Executive Order no.37, declaring the laws
that create and define the powers of what?

  
Organic Act
 

  
Emergency Board
 

  
Board of Control
 

  
Senate
 
 
Question 17
1 / 1 pts
All of the following were how President Cory Aquino describe Marcos in her speech,
EXCEPT for: (choose what does not belong)

  
president
 

  
thief
 

  
traitor
 

  
dictator
 
 
UnansweredQuestion 18
1 / 1 pts
How long was Sen. Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino put to prison by Marcos?

  
Seven years and seven months
 

  
two years
 

  
seven months
 

  
Nine years and seven months
 
 
Question 19
1 / 1 pts
Who said the words, "democracy must be defended by arms when it is attacked by
arms and by truth when it is attacked by lies".

  
Ronald Reagan
 

  
Ferdinand Marcos
 

  
Abraham Lincoln
 

  
Archibald Macleish
 
 
Question 20
1 / 1 pts
According to Cory Aquino, during her campaign, in the midst of poverty and
unemployment, what the Filipino wanted for was:

  
food
 

  
democracy
 

  
work
 

  
money

Question 1
1 / 1 pts
Where the Sulu raiders would usually sail to capture slaves.

  
Sulu Sea
 

  
Strait of Malacca
 

  
South China Sea
 

  
Agusan River
 
 
Question 2
1 / 1 pts
Each of raiders’ ship had the capacity of...
   
50-60 men
 

  
500 men
 

  
100-150 men
 

  
180-200 men
 
 
IncorrectQuestion 3
1 / 1 pts
Sulu raiders’ small boat that sail swiftly around coastal areas to capture villagers for
slaves.

  
Caracoa
 

  
Balanghai
 

  
Salisipan
 

  
Garay
 
 
Question 4
1 / 1 pts
Ethnic group of noble people rooted in Mindanao and renowned as freedom fighters.

  
Zamboanguenos
 
   
Tausug
 

  
Sugbuhanon
 

  
Mindanaoan
 
 
Question 5
1 / 1 pts
Characteristics of the Kampilan.

  
elegantly waved double-edge
 

  
short, thick rifle breaker
 

  
straight double horn head picker
 

  
partially curved and wavy sword
 
 
Question 6
1 / 1 pts
Fort Pilar, last bastion of Spanish power in the south, is located at...

  
Magundanao
 

  
Cotabato
 
   
Zamboanga
 

  
Sulu
 
 
Question 7
1 / 1 pts
Who was the King of Bulig in Maguindanao?

  
Rajah Dalasi
 

  
Rajah Ache
 

  
Rajah Panglima
 

  
Sultan Kudarat
 
 
Question 8
1 / 1 pts
The slave raiding season.

  
January to March
 

  
August and October
 

  
November to January
 
   
June to August
 
 
Question 9
1 / 1 pts
A historian and Chair of the National Historical Institute who specialized in Mindanao
studies.

  
Teodoro Agoncillo
 

  
Ambeth Ocampo
 

  
Icelle Borja Gloria Estrada
 

  
Samuel Tan
 
 
Question 10
1 / 1 pts
To fight the Moro raiders, the Spaniards ordered steamships from...

  
Russia
 

  
America
 

  
England
 

  
Germany
 
 
Question 11
1 / 1 pts
The introduction to Legacy of Heroes: the Story of Bataan and Corregidor.   

  
Butch Nolasco
 

  
Ricardo Jose
 

  
Sec. Angelo Reyes
 

  
Joel Torre
 
 
Question 12
1 / 1 pts
Which was the last to surrender to the Japanese?

  
Bataan
 

  
Jakarta
 

  
Singapore City
 

  
Corregidor
 
 
Question 13
1 / 1 pts
The only Filipino recipient of Congressional Medal of Honor.
   
Gen . Vicente Lim
 

  
Lt. Jesus Villamor
 

  
Sgt. Jose Calugas
 

  
Isabelo Castro
 
 
Question 14
1 / 1 pts
Declared as Open City during the Japanese occupation.

  
Manila
 

  
Bangkok
 

  
Singapore
 

  
Hong Kong
 
 
Question 15
1 / 1 pts
What happened right after the “Fall of Bataan”?

  
Liberation of Manila
 
   
Attack of Pearl Harbor
 

  
Death March
 

  
Long March
 
 
Question 16
1 / 1 pts
Won the gold medal in the Madrid National Exposition of Fine Arts in 1884.

  
The death of Cleopatra
 

  
Spoliarium
 

  
The Blood Compact
 

  
Parisian Life
 
 
Question 17
1 / 1 pts
The fallen woman in "interior de un cafe"

  
Parisian Life
 

  
The Battle of Lepanto
 
   
The Blood Compact
 

  
Las Damas Romana
 
 
IncorrectQuestion 18
1 / 1 pts
All are true about Fernando Amorsolo except one:

  
Paintings were characterized by contrasting colors of lights and shades
 

  
First to became National Artist of the Philippines
 

  
Paintings are symbolic and with deep meanings
 

  
Grand old man of Philippine Art
 
 
IncorrectQuestion 19
1 / 1 pts
The “Making of the Philippine Flag” shows the woman referred to as “the mother of the
Philippine flag”.

  
Marcela Agoncillo
 

  
Delfina Herbosa y Natividad
 

  
Lorenza Agoncillo
 
   
Gregoria de Jesus
 
 
IncorrectQuestion 20
1 / 1 pts
All are true about Juan Luna except for one. 

  
He murdered his wife and mother in law
 

  
He was a great friend of Rizal
 

  
He was murdered by men of Aguinaldo
 

  
He served as diplomat under Emilio Aguinaldo