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RDBMS Concepts

This document provides an introduction to relational database management systems (RDBMS) and the Structured Query Language (SQL). It discusses RDBMS features and advantages, data definition language (DDL) for defining database objects, data manipulation language (DML) for querying and modifying data, and data control language (DCL) for security. It also covers SQL commands, database normalization, integrity constraints, joining tables, subqueries, views, sequences, indexes, partitioning, and using SQL*Loader to import data.

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39 views4 pages

RDBMS Concepts

This document provides an introduction to relational database management systems (RDBMS) and the Structured Query Language (SQL). It discusses RDBMS features and advantages, data definition language (DDL) for defining database objects, data manipulation language (DML) for querying and modifying data, and data control language (DCL) for security. It also covers SQL commands, database normalization, integrity constraints, joining tables, subqueries, views, sequences, indexes, partitioning, and using SQL*Loader to import data.

Uploaded by

naidu iis
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to RDBMS:

• Feature of RDBMS
• Advantages of RDBMS over FMS ad DBMS
• The 12 rules (E.F codd’s Rules – RDBMS)
• Need for database design
• Support of normalization process for data management

 Client server technology


 Oracle corporation products
 Oracle versions

• About SQL&SQL*PLUS

Sub language commands:

• Data definition language (DDL)


• Data retrieval language (DRL)
• Data manipulation language (DML)
• Transaction control language (TCL)
• Database security and privileges (DCL)

Introduction to SQL Database Object:

• Oracle predefined data types


• DDL Commands

 Create, alter (add,modify,rename,drop)


 columns, drop

• Working with DML,DRL Commands


• Operators support

 DML-Insert,update,delete
 DQL-SELECT statements sing WHERE Clause
 Comparison and conditional operations
 Arithmetic and logical operations
 Set operators (UNION, UNION ALL, INTERSECT, MINUS)
 Special operators – IN (NOT IN),
 BETWEEN (NOT BETWEEN), LIKE (NOT LIKE), IS NULL (IS NOT
NULL)

Built in functions:
• Arithmetic functions, character functions, date functions
• Aggregate functions, OLAP functions & general functions

Grouping the result of a query:

• Using group by and having clause of DRL statement


• Using order by clause

Working with integrity constraints:

• Importance of data integrity


• Support of integrity constraints for relating table in RDBMS
• Working with different types of integrity constraints

 NOT NULL constraint


 UNIQUE constraint
 PRIMARY KEY constraint
 FOREIGN KEY constraint
 CHECK constraint
 REF constraint
 Understanding ON DELETE clause in referential integrity constraint
 Working with composite constraint
 Applying DEFAULT option to columns
 Working with mujltiple constraints upon a colume
 Adding constraints to a table
 Dropping of constraints
 Enabling for constraints
 Querying for constraint information

Querying multiple table (Joins):

• Equi join/inner join/simple join


• Cartesian join
• Non-equi join
• Outer joins
• Self join

Working with sub queries:

• Understanding the practical approach to sub queries/nested select/sub select/inner


select/outer select
• What is the purpose of a sub query?
• Sub query principle and usage
• Type of sub queries
 Single row
 Multiple row
 Multiple column

• Applying group functions in sub queries


• The impact of having clause in sub queries
• IN,ANY/SOME,ALL operators in sub queries
• PAIR WISE and NON PAIR WISE comparison in sub queries
• Be … aware of NULL’s
• Correlated sub queries
• Handling data retrieval with EXISTS and NOT EXISTS operators

Working with DCL,TCL commands:

• Grant, revoke
• Commit, rollback, savepoint
• SQL Editor commands
• SQL Environment settings

Maintaining database objects:

VIEWS in oracle:

• Understanding the standards of VIEWS in oracle


• Types of VIEWS

 Relational views
 Object views

• Prerequisites to work with views


• Practical approach of SIMPLE VIEWS and COMPLES VIEWS
• Column definitions in VIEWS
• Using VIEWS for DML operations
• In-line view
• Forced views
• Putting CHECK constraint upon VIEWS
• Creation of READ ONLY VIEWS
• Understanding the IN LINE VIEWS
• About materialized views
• View triggers
• Working with sequences
• Working with synonyms
• Working with index and clusters
• Creating cluster tables, implementing locks
Pseudo columns in oracle:

• Understanding pseudo columns in oracle


• Types of pseudo columns in oracle

 CURRVAL and NEXTVAL


 LEVEL
 ROWID
 ROWNUM

Data partitions & parallels process:

• Types of partitions

 Range partitions
 Hash partitions
 List partition
 Composite partition
 Parallel query process

• Locks

 Row level locks


 Table level locks
 Shared lock
 Exclusive lock
 Dead lock

• SQL*Loader:

 SQL*Loader architecture
 Data file (Input datafiles)
 Control file
 Bad file
 Discard file
 Log file
 .txt to bse table
 .csv to base table
 From more than one file to single table

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