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1.1. Problem Definition: Federico Rispa Rodriguez 1

The document describes analyzing the vibration of a structural system using different analytical methods. It presents the problem definition, data on the system including beam stiffnesses, and models the system as springs in series and parallel. It then calculates the equivalent stiffness and natural frequency of the system. Results from the analytical model are compared to FEM software. Additional sections discuss conducting harmonic analysis to determine the system response under harmonic loading and using the piecewise exact method to model the transient time history response. The last section analyzes experimental vibration data to calculate damping ratio. Tables and figures are referenced but not included.

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Fede Rispa
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71 views23 pages

1.1. Problem Definition: Federico Rispa Rodriguez 1

The document describes analyzing the vibration of a structural system using different analytical methods. It presents the problem definition, data on the system including beam stiffnesses, and models the system as springs in series and parallel. It then calculates the equivalent stiffness and natural frequency of the system. Results from the analytical model are compared to FEM software. Additional sections discuss conducting harmonic analysis to determine the system response under harmonic loading and using the piecewise exact method to model the transient time history response. The last section analyzes experimental vibration data to calculate damping ratio. Tables and figures are referenced but not included.

Uploaded by

Fede Rispa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.1.

Problem definition

Federico Rispa Rodriguez 1


1.2. Data of the problem:
Table 1 sows the data involved in the problem:

If we see the stiffness of the beams as springs., we can see that under
the action of a force, k1 and k have different displacement and same
force, then we can consider a series configuration spring model
between k1 and k=k2. On the other hand, k12( the combination of k1
and k2) and k3, are connected such that under the action of a force
their displacements are the same and their forces are different then
the springs are parallel. Figure 1 shows the model used for
calculations

Federico Rispa Rodriguez 2


1.4. Approach:

The stiffness of the cantilever beam is directly obtained from the


design formula handbook and we will be named K1:

For convenience, we can name the stiffness of spring K as K2

The stiffness of a beam fixed at one end and supported at o the is also
directly obtained from the formula handbook and we will be named as
k3:

The equivalent stiffness of the model shown in figure 1 can be


calculated as follows:

Using the equivalent stiffness calculated in equation 4 and considering


the only mass of the system, we can calculate the undamped circular
natural frequency.

The undamped natural frequency:

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Undamped natural period:

The critical damping and the viscous damping factor:

For convenience, we use spreadsheet software that you can check in


the attached files.
In the table2 you can see the results of these equations and you can
see how the value of viscous damping factor is equal to 0.021, then
according to the criterion of eq.9, we have an underdamped system.

The damped circular natural frequency is defined as:

The damped natural frequency is:

The damped natural period :

and the response of the system can be calculated using equation 13,
14, and 15, that is reduced in the theory chapter section 1.4.

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1.5.Parameters
Table 2 shows the results of the parameters defined in the previous
equations.

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1.6.Results
Below the table, you can see a comparison between the result
undamped natural frequency obtained from the FEM model in Ansys
software and the result obtained from the analytical model shown in
figure 1. The difference is very relevant, and I don't know the reason, I
will be very appreciated if you can check the Ansys model attached file
in order to find any error.
Table 3 shows the results of equations 13, 14 and 15 considering a time
step of 0,001s for the initial conditions u(t=0)= 0,02 and v(t=0)=0,1 m/s.

(. . . . )

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Finally figure 2 plot the free vibration of the system considering a time
step of 0,001s for the initial conditions u(t=0)= 0,02 and v(t=0)=0,1 m/s.

Finally figure 2 plot the free vibration of the system considering a time
step of 0,001s for the initial conditions u(t=0)= 0,02 and v(t=0)=0,1 m/s.
You can check the calculation in excel file: Homework-01.xls sheet: E01
(KeqFEM)

Federico Rispa Rodriguez 7


2.1. Problem definition.

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2.2. Data of the problem:

Table 1 sows the data involved in the problem:

Figure 1 shows the model used for calculations

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2.4. Approach
The approach of the problem is defined as follows where the equations
are deduced in the theory chapter 1 section 1.5.
The result of harmonic analysis is the steady-state response of the
system, so we are not interested in the homogeneous solution. If we
write the particular solution :

Where ypo is the amplitude of the particular solution and it can be


determined from:

Where is the phase angle with respect to the harmonic load and can
be determined from:

The amplitude of y can also be determined using vectors in the complex


plane. The module of the amplitude is:

Where the real part can be written as a function of load frequency:

Federico Rispa Rodriguez 10


And the imaginary part also can be written as a function of load
frequency:

The natural frequency of the system is:

If we use a frequency increment for plots:

We can perform harmonic analysis and plot the results from =0 to


=2wn.

2.5.Parameters
The parameters used for plots are:

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2.6.Results:
Table 3 shows the results of equations 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, results from =0
to =2wn, using a frequency increment for plots.

(. . . . )

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2.8. Plot [m]
Figure 2 plot the free vibration of the system considering a time step of
0,001s for the initial conditions u(t=0)= 0,02 and v(t=0)=0,1 m/s.

Note that the maximum value of the amplitude is: ypo=12,987m m, at


excitation frequency =5,16 rad/s.
If we plot the results of a system without damping, we can see that the
maximum value is when excitation frequency is equal to the natural
frequency:

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2.10. Plot: [rad]

2.12. Plot: (( _ )) [m]

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2.14. Plot (( _ )) [m]

You can check the calculation in excel file: Homework-02.xls sheet:


CALCULATIONS

Federico Rispa Rodriguez 15


3.1. Problem definition.

2. Data of the problem:

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3.3. Approach
The approach of the problem is defined as follows where the equations
have been deduced in the theory chapter 1 section 1.6..
If we want to know what happens during the complete time history, we
must solve the transient problem to obtain the complete solution. The
so-called picewise exact method gives the exact solution if the loading
varies linearly during the time step of length At i.e.

where α is the time step constant slope and τ is the instant from t=0 to
t=Δt. The general solution is obtained as a combination of the free
vibration term yh:

and the particular solution which in the case of PEM method is:

Combining eq. 2 and 3 in a sum, results in the general solution for the
response

A and B are real constants to be calculated by initial conditions as


follows:

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With the initial displacement _0 =0 and the initial velocity ̇_0=0 , the
constants are:

where wd is the damped circular natural frequency:

and is the viscous damping factor and indicates the type of damping:

If we use a time stem size α=0,01 s , we can plot the results of


y(Δt=10s). If we use a time stem size α=0,01 s , we can plot the results
of y(Δt=10s), we can calculate the parameters and results of the
problem.
3.4.Parameters:

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3.5.Results:

(. . . . )

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3.6 Plot: [m]

If we plot the displacement for more than 10s, we can see how is the
final response of the system. If we check the frequency excitation of 3
rad/s. in the results of the problem 2, we can see that its amplitude,
after a "long" time of 120-125s, is ypo=0.03m.

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4.1. Problem definition.

4.2. Data of the problem:

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4.3. Model

4.4. Approach: The approach of the problem is defined as follows


where the equations have been deduced in the theory chapter 1,
section 1.7.
The logarithmic decrement is defined as:

Solving the equation 1 for the damping ratio gives the damping ratio:

In this case, we have the measurements of table 1, then we have y(t) and
y(t+Td) where (t+Td) is the next measurement after (t) i.e. we can
calculate eq2 and eq3 for each peak position measured.

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4.5.Results:

You can check the calculation in excel file: Homework-03.xls sheet:


CALCULATIONS

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