Lean Six Sigma Internal Assignment Applicable For December 2020 Examination
Lean Six Sigma Internal Assignment Applicable For December 2020 Examination
Lean Six Sigma Internal Assignment Applicable For December 2020 Examination
Financial Benefits:
On time Delivery
Order Completeness
Order Correctness
Damage Free delivery
High customer service level
Low stock out level
Higher effectiveness of SCM
CONCLUSION
2. What are process maps? Select an Indian organization, and explain how process
mapping could be used for improving the efficiency levels in the organization.
(10 Marks)
Answer: The process map is a tool that graphically shows the inputs, actions and
outputs of a process in a clear, step-by-step map of the process. The purpose of
process mapping is to help team members and others within the process to understand
the process.
Pictures guide better than words. The use of graphs, charts, tables and images
guides better than a big compiled report with lot of data fixation issues in it.
Process maps facilitate improvements in the process, since it becomes easy to
pin point the specific areas that need changes, like bottlenecks, delays,
capacity constraints etc. in the light of efficiency and effectiveness of the
process.
Decision making becomes fast as it deals with the ‘show me’ aspect and not
the ‘tell me’ aspect of the process and the problem areas.
The improvements made in the process can easily be tracked using process
maps since it becomes possible to audit and understand different areas in the
process as well as the organization.
Visual illustration for training would be much more effective than any oral
tools explained, as the visual examples register faster in human brains and
helps them understand the things better and fast.
In the need of change, when the organization moves on making the changes
without understanding the current working process, it is likely to commit more
mistakes or deploy its resources in creating more troubles. Process maps
provide a detailed outlook of the current process and guides the effective
management of change.
Process maps serves as a measurement tool for a process that is very much
necessary to manage and finally improve it.
Process maps can help you improve operations and add value to your organization.
In lean manufacturing, process maps are powerful tools that can help you understand
what your current processes look like now, and what they should be. On continuous
improvement projects they are essential. If you have embarked on the journey of
making your facility more efficient, but are facing difficulty figuring out exactly
where you need to make changes, you should consult with proven operations
consultants who can use process maps to help identify your problem areas and
eliminate them.
CONCLUSION
A good process map should illustrate the flow of the work and the interaction with the
organization. It should make use of common language (symbols) that are easily
understood by everyone. An ideal process map should contain proper detail with
respect to multiple paths, decisions and rework loops.
3. Another train derailment, 65 dead. Everyone reacts with anger; the usual blame
game, Railways announce some cash relief. The present day price for the life of a
major rail accident victim is Rs 5 lakhs and a vague rail job offer to next of kin.
Enquiry ordered. Matter over, rail business moves on. Unfortunately in most of
the densely populated developing countries, including India, loss of human lives
may not impact as much as it does in developed countries. That is why Indian
Railways' existing safety policies are never impacted by either the frequencies or
enormities of rail accidents. Now the question is whether Indian Railways should
make some drastic rethinking on their approach to rail safety?
Since 2002-03, the Indian Railways have focused on shoring up their revenues,
adopting multiple strategies. Longer passenger trains and heavier freight trains
helped cater to the increase in demand for passenger services and afford
economies of scale. However, the introduction of several hundreds of new
passenger trains and heavier freight trains year after year, on many of the busy
routes, demands more intensified track maintenance.
Routes being heavily occupied, even nominated daily traffic blocks are curtailed.
Till Dedicated Freight Corridors emerge, in several of the oversaturated routes,
trains will continue to run under increasingly risky operating conditions. Vision
2020 repeats the same, familiar safety policy prescriptions, contained in tenth
and eleventh 5 year Plan documents. Since most of these within the box thinking
have failed to deliver, it is now time to think of railway safety, the way Richard
Branson did with his Virgin Trains in the UK.
Like Branson's Virgin Train Operating Company, we too need trains that should
be able to survive accidents at full speed, regardless of cause and passengers
should be able to safely walk out of coaches at accident spots. In existing bogie
designs, at the time of accidents, one coach tends to ride over the other one,
crushing the coach in front. Sivadasan, R. (2011, July 16). 'We need Six Sigma
trains'.
Retrieved August 30, 2020, from
https://www.deccanherald.com/content/176907/we-need-six-sigma-trains.html
Read different published case studies/ research papers and
a. Prepare a roadmap for Indian Railways to make all its trains a “Six Sigma
Train”? (5 Marks)
The applied methodology will serve the needs of the infra-structure manager to
achieve stable processes and, in con-junction with the management of railway
undertakings, to achieve satisfaction with the provided transport services for the end
customer, who is a passenger in rail passenger transport.
Roadmap
The aim of the transport operators in the field of infrastructure manager and
railway undertakings is to provide transport services for the traveling public
safely, economically and especially on time. The timeliness of trains is a key
factor in the choice of passenger transport mode. The punctuality of trains is
measured by comparing the planned time schedule of a train with the actual
driving time according to its identification number.
In case of train delays it is appropriate to analyze the given situation from the
point of view of the operation itself, management, means of transport,
accidents, influence of human factor as well as external environment. By using
brainstorming with experts in the field, the necessary information about the
possible origin of the negative effect is collected and the necessary measures
are formulated.
CONCLUSION
The aim of Six Sigma is to propose the development of an efficient and functioning
system for monitoring and evaluating the quality of rail passenger services, which will
enable problems to be solved in everyday operations.
b. Explain how Indian Railways can use lean techniques for optimizing flow?
Answer: Lean management is one of the top tools that eliminate waste in any process.
Lean techniques are typically used in a production environment.
The purpose of KAIZEN is to improve work processes in a variety of ways. Kaizen is
a generic Japanese word for improvement or making things better. The word Kaizen
means “Continuous Improvement.” It comes from the Japanese words “kai” which
means “change” or “to correct” and “zen” which means “good.”
By following the principles of kaizen, The Railways can embark on a well-thought
growth path, with both short- and long-term inputs, to bring a significant turnaround
in the functioning of railways, the nation's economic lifeline. It can adopt a strategy to
improve five core areas: Customer experience, new sources of revenue, cost
optimisation, investment in infrastructure, and structural reforms. IT-based initiatives,
which don’t cost much but yield substantial results can be taken. These initiatives are
vital from the public perception point of view. Starting with ease of booking and
cancelling tickets, these measures have resulted in making train travel a much less
stressful exercise.
A host of new mobile apps can also be made, which makes online booking a breeze.
This will eliminate the hassle of queuing up at a ticket counter. Online booking can
also make it easier for international passengers to book their tickets from abroad.
Setting—A complete kit contained on mobile carts allows all guardrail components to
be neatly stored and easily moved while eliminating double or triple handling of
materials to achieve a desired “just in time” delivery of equipment to the point of
operation.
Standardizing—Guardrail panels and bases are easily laid out, installed, dismantled,
and moved to their next location creating a simple and standardized process that will
eliminate variation and shortcuts. This standardized installation process allows for
rapid installs as fast as 10 feet per minute.
Sustaining—ensure a construction grade product with a long durable life that offers
significant return on investment and sustained contribution to an organization’s 5S
methodology.
CONCLUSION
Lean and the Six Sigma method goes hand in hand. Lean is part of the Six Sigma
approach of problem-solving as eliminating waste goes a long way to solving
problems in any process.