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Worked Examples Using Nomographs and Colebrook Charts

The document provides two worked examples of calculating suitable culvert sizes for road drainage projects. Example 1 analyzes using pipe culverts and determines that twin 1050mm diameter pipes would be suitable, with an inlet controlled headwater height of 1.7m and maximum outlet velocity of 3.6m/s. Example 2 examines a box culvert option and selects a 1800mm x 1200mm box culvert with a controlled headwater height of 1.56m and maximum 4.5m/s outlet velocity. Both examples check that outlet velocities could cause scouring or hydraulic jumps requiring further analysis.

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Nickson Koms
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100% found this document useful (1 vote)
436 views5 pages

Worked Examples Using Nomographs and Colebrook Charts

The document provides two worked examples of calculating suitable culvert sizes for road drainage projects. Example 1 analyzes using pipe culverts and determines that twin 1050mm diameter pipes would be suitable, with an inlet controlled headwater height of 1.7m and maximum outlet velocity of 3.6m/s. Example 2 examines a box culvert option and selects a 1800mm x 1200mm box culvert with a controlled headwater height of 1.56m and maximum 4.5m/s outlet velocity. Both examples check that outlet velocities could cause scouring or hydraulic jumps requiring further analysis.

Uploaded by

Nickson Koms
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Worked Examples

Example 1: Pipe Culvert (Inlet Control)


Given the following data, calculate a suitable culvert size and check the outlet
velocity to see if erosion will be a problem.
Step 1 : Data
Flow = Q = 5.00 /s
Culvert length = L = 90m
Natural waterway invert levels :
Inlet : R.L.50.00m
Outlet : R.L.49.00m
Acceptable upstream flood level: R.L.52.50
Desirable road pavement level : R.L. 52.00
Minimum height of pavement above head water : 0.30
Estimated downstream tailwater level : R.L. 49.80
Maximum headwater height, HW, is the lesser of:
i) Maximum practical culvert height:
52.00 – 0.30 – 50.00 = 1.70m, and
ii) Acceptable u/s flood level
52.50 – 50.00 = 2.50m
Therefore maximum HW = 1.70m

Step 2 : Assume Inlet Control


Estimate required waterway area assuming V = 2.0 m/s
Estimated area A = Q/V = 2.5
i) Try 1650mm pipe, D = 1.65m
Enter Design Chart 27.3 with Q = 5.00 /s.
Draw line 1 and obtain
HW/D = 1.09
HW = 1.80 > 1.70m maximum. Not acceptable
ii) Try 1800mm pipe, D = 1.8m
Draw line 2 and obtain HW/D = 0.93
HW = 1.67m
But max. culvert height available is only 1.70m
iii) Try twin lines, 2/1050mm
D = 1.05m Q/N = 2.5 /s
Draw line 3 and obtain HW/D = 1.62
HW = 1.70m
Use 2/1050mm diameter pipes

Step 3 : Check for Outlet Control


Height of tailwater above invert:
TW = 49.80 – 49.00 = 0.80 < proposed pipe diameter of 1.05m
Diagram in Figure 27.7(c) depicts actual conditions, flowing
full for part of the length.
Now enter Design Chart 27.8 to determine critical depth
dc = 0.83m

as outlined in Section 27.3.3 enter Design Chart 27.10 with


L = 90m
D = 1.05m
Ke = 0.2 (socket end of pipe upstream)
Then use Q/N = 2. 50 /s to draw line 2 and obtain H = 1.15m
Fall of culvert invert, Ls = 50.00 – 49.00 = 1.00 hence:

( ) = 0. 94 +1. 15 – 1. 00 = 1.09 m

HW (inlet control) = 1.70m greater than


HW (outlet control) = 1.09m
Therefore inlet control governs.

Step 4 : Flow Velocity


For 1050mm diameter pipes:

From Colebrook-White’s Chart for k = 0.6mm

= 3.1 m3/s
= 3.6 m/s
Because the culvert does not flow full it is necessary to use the part-full flow
relationships plotted in Design Chart 27.6.

Q/ = 2.5/3.1 = 0.81 and from Design Chart 27.6,


V/ = 1.0 and v = 1.0 x 3.6 = 3.6 m/s
y/D = 0.75 and y = 0.75 x 1.05
= 0.79 < dc = 0.83

Unless the drain, which receives the culvert discharge, flows at supercritical flow a
hydraulic jump will form at the culvert outlet.

Step 5 : Summary

Use 2/1050 mm diameter concrete pipes with socket end facing upstream.

Pipes will flow with inlet control with a headwater height of 1.70m and headwater
R.L. = 51.70m. Outlet velocity = 3.6 m/s and the possibility of scour or the
formation of a hydraulic jump at the outlet must be checked.

Example 2: Box Culvert (Inlet Control)


Step 1 :
Using the same data as provided for the previous pipe culvert, calculate a suitable
box culvert size and check for the effects of the outlet velocity.

Step 2 : Assume Inlet Control


Estimate required waterway area assuming V = 2.0 m/s
Estimated area A = Q/V = 2.5

Try 1800 (wide) x 1200 (high) box culvert.


Enter Design Chart 27.4 with Q = 5.00 /s.

Draw line and obtain HW/D = 1.30


HW = 1.30 x 1.2 = 1.56 < 1.70m, which is acceptable
Step 3 : Check for Outlet Control
TW = 0.8 < 1.2m
Enter Design Chart 27.9 with
dc = 0.92m

which exceeds the tailwater depth of 0.80m

As outlined in section 27.3.3 enter Design Chart 27.11 with


L = 90m
A = 1.2 x 1.8 = 2.16
= 0.5
Draw line with Q = 5.0m3/s then draw the other line to obtain H = 0.45m
Fall of culvert invert, Ls = 50.00 – 49.00 = 1.00m hence:

=1.06 + 0.45 – 1.00 = 0.51m

HW (inlet control) = 1.56m which is greater than


HW (outlet control) = 0.51m

Therefore inlet control governs.

Step 4 : Flow Velocity


Hydraulic radius R =

Equivalent D = 4 x 0.36 = 1.44m and s = 1/90 = 0.011

From Colebrook–White’s Chart for k = 0.6mm , we get:


= 4.4m/s
= 2.16 x 4.4 = 9.5 /s

Because the culvert does not flow full it is necessary to use the part-full flow
relationships plotted in Design Chart 27.7.
and from Design Chart 27.7 for B/D = 1.5

and v = 1.02 x 4.4 = 4.5 m/s

and y = 0.53 x 1.2 = 0.64 <dc = 0.92m

Hence the same remark about hydraulic jump applies as made for pipes (see
example 1: step 4).

Step 5 : Summary
Use 1800 x 1200mm concrete box culvert with square edges. Culvert will flow
with inlet control with a headwater height of 1.5m and headwater R.L. = 51.5m
Outlet velocity = 4.5 m/s and the possibility of erosion or a hydraulic jump must
be checked.

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