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Worked Examples Using Nomographs and Colebrook Charts

The document provides two worked examples of calculating suitable culvert sizes for road drainage projects. Example 1 analyzes using pipe culverts and determines that twin 1050mm diameter pipes would be suitable, with an inlet controlled headwater height of 1.7m and maximum outlet velocity of 3.6m/s. Example 2 examines a box culvert option and selects a 1800mm x 1200mm box culvert with a controlled headwater height of 1.56m and maximum 4.5m/s outlet velocity. Both examples check that outlet velocities could cause scouring or hydraulic jumps requiring further analysis.

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Nickson Koms
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439 views5 pages

Worked Examples Using Nomographs and Colebrook Charts

The document provides two worked examples of calculating suitable culvert sizes for road drainage projects. Example 1 analyzes using pipe culverts and determines that twin 1050mm diameter pipes would be suitable, with an inlet controlled headwater height of 1.7m and maximum outlet velocity of 3.6m/s. Example 2 examines a box culvert option and selects a 1800mm x 1200mm box culvert with a controlled headwater height of 1.56m and maximum 4.5m/s outlet velocity. Both examples check that outlet velocities could cause scouring or hydraulic jumps requiring further analysis.

Uploaded by

Nickson Koms
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Worked Examples

Example 1: Pipe Culvert (Inlet Control)


Given the following data, calculate a suitable culvert size and check the outlet
velocity to see if erosion will be a problem.
Step 1 : Data
Flow = Q = 5.00 /s
Culvert length = L = 90m
Natural waterway invert levels :
Inlet : R.L.50.00m
Outlet : R.L.49.00m
Acceptable upstream flood level: R.L.52.50
Desirable road pavement level : R.L. 52.00
Minimum height of pavement above head water : 0.30
Estimated downstream tailwater level : R.L. 49.80
Maximum headwater height, HW, is the lesser of:
i) Maximum practical culvert height:
52.00 – 0.30 – 50.00 = 1.70m, and
ii) Acceptable u/s flood level
52.50 – 50.00 = 2.50m
Therefore maximum HW = 1.70m

Step 2 : Assume Inlet Control


Estimate required waterway area assuming V = 2.0 m/s
Estimated area A = Q/V = 2.5
i) Try 1650mm pipe, D = 1.65m
Enter Design Chart 27.3 with Q = 5.00 /s.
Draw line 1 and obtain
HW/D = 1.09
HW = 1.80 > 1.70m maximum. Not acceptable
ii) Try 1800mm pipe, D = 1.8m
Draw line 2 and obtain HW/D = 0.93
HW = 1.67m
But max. culvert height available is only 1.70m
iii) Try twin lines, 2/1050mm
D = 1.05m Q/N = 2.5 /s
Draw line 3 and obtain HW/D = 1.62
HW = 1.70m
Use 2/1050mm diameter pipes

Step 3 : Check for Outlet Control


Height of tailwater above invert:
TW = 49.80 – 49.00 = 0.80 < proposed pipe diameter of 1.05m
Diagram in Figure 27.7(c) depicts actual conditions, flowing
full for part of the length.
Now enter Design Chart 27.8 to determine critical depth
dc = 0.83m

as outlined in Section 27.3.3 enter Design Chart 27.10 with


L = 90m
D = 1.05m
Ke = 0.2 (socket end of pipe upstream)
Then use Q/N = 2. 50 /s to draw line 2 and obtain H = 1.15m
Fall of culvert invert, Ls = 50.00 – 49.00 = 1.00 hence:

( ) = 0. 94 +1. 15 – 1. 00 = 1.09 m

HW (inlet control) = 1.70m greater than


HW (outlet control) = 1.09m
Therefore inlet control governs.

Step 4 : Flow Velocity


For 1050mm diameter pipes:

From Colebrook-White’s Chart for k = 0.6mm

= 3.1 m3/s
= 3.6 m/s
Because the culvert does not flow full it is necessary to use the part-full flow
relationships plotted in Design Chart 27.6.

Q/ = 2.5/3.1 = 0.81 and from Design Chart 27.6,


V/ = 1.0 and v = 1.0 x 3.6 = 3.6 m/s
y/D = 0.75 and y = 0.75 x 1.05
= 0.79 < dc = 0.83

Unless the drain, which receives the culvert discharge, flows at supercritical flow a
hydraulic jump will form at the culvert outlet.

Step 5 : Summary

Use 2/1050 mm diameter concrete pipes with socket end facing upstream.

Pipes will flow with inlet control with a headwater height of 1.70m and headwater
R.L. = 51.70m. Outlet velocity = 3.6 m/s and the possibility of scour or the
formation of a hydraulic jump at the outlet must be checked.

Example 2: Box Culvert (Inlet Control)


Step 1 :
Using the same data as provided for the previous pipe culvert, calculate a suitable
box culvert size and check for the effects of the outlet velocity.

Step 2 : Assume Inlet Control


Estimate required waterway area assuming V = 2.0 m/s
Estimated area A = Q/V = 2.5

Try 1800 (wide) x 1200 (high) box culvert.


Enter Design Chart 27.4 with Q = 5.00 /s.

Draw line and obtain HW/D = 1.30


HW = 1.30 x 1.2 = 1.56 < 1.70m, which is acceptable
Step 3 : Check for Outlet Control
TW = 0.8 < 1.2m
Enter Design Chart 27.9 with
dc = 0.92m

which exceeds the tailwater depth of 0.80m

As outlined in section 27.3.3 enter Design Chart 27.11 with


L = 90m
A = 1.2 x 1.8 = 2.16
= 0.5
Draw line with Q = 5.0m3/s then draw the other line to obtain H = 0.45m
Fall of culvert invert, Ls = 50.00 – 49.00 = 1.00m hence:

=1.06 + 0.45 – 1.00 = 0.51m

HW (inlet control) = 1.56m which is greater than


HW (outlet control) = 0.51m

Therefore inlet control governs.

Step 4 : Flow Velocity


Hydraulic radius R =

Equivalent D = 4 x 0.36 = 1.44m and s = 1/90 = 0.011

From Colebrook–White’s Chart for k = 0.6mm , we get:


= 4.4m/s
= 2.16 x 4.4 = 9.5 /s

Because the culvert does not flow full it is necessary to use the part-full flow
relationships plotted in Design Chart 27.7.
and from Design Chart 27.7 for B/D = 1.5

and v = 1.02 x 4.4 = 4.5 m/s

and y = 0.53 x 1.2 = 0.64 <dc = 0.92m

Hence the same remark about hydraulic jump applies as made for pipes (see
example 1: step 4).

Step 5 : Summary
Use 1800 x 1200mm concrete box culvert with square edges. Culvert will flow
with inlet control with a headwater height of 1.5m and headwater R.L. = 51.5m
Outlet velocity = 4.5 m/s and the possibility of erosion or a hydraulic jump must
be checked.

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