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    007 Equilibrium and Elasticity PDF

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    NIEVA LOU ORBOC
    The document defines key terms related to centers of gravity, stress, strain, and elastic moduli. It provides examples of calculating the center of gravity of objects and systems. It also gives examples of calculating tensile, bulk, and shear stress and strain based on applied forces. Sample problems at the end involve calculating tensions/forces to balance objects based on their center of gravity or determining minimum forces required to lift or move objects.

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    007 Equilibrium and Elasticity PDF

    Uploaded by

    NIEVA LOU ORBOC
    165 views15 pages
    The document defines key terms related to centers of gravity, stress, strain, and elastic moduli. It provides examples of calculating the center of gravity of objects and systems. It also gives examples of calculating tensile, bulk, and shear stress and strain based on applied forces. Sample problems at the end involve calculating tensions/forces to balance objects based on their center of gravity or determining minimum forces required to lift or move objects.

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    The document defines key terms related to centers of gravity, stress, strain, and elastic moduli. It provides examples of calculating the center of gravity of objects and systems. It also gives examples of calculating tensile, bulk, and shear stress and strain based on applied forces. Sample problems at the end involve calculating tensions/forces to balance objects based on their center of gravity or determining minimum forces required to lift or move objects.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    165 views15 pages

    007 Equilibrium and Elasticity PDF

    Uploaded by

    NIEVA LOU ORBOC
    The document defines key terms related to centers of gravity, stress, strain, and elastic moduli. It provides examples of calculating the center of gravity of objects and systems. It also gives examples of calculating tensile, bulk, and shear stress and strain based on applied forces. Sample problems at the end involve calculating tensions/forces to balance objects based on their center of gravity or determining minimum forces required to lift or move objects.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 15

    -> (cg) point in which the entire force of gravity (weight) in a body is assumed

    to be concentrated
    -> If g has the same value at all points in a body, its center of gravity (cg) is identical to
    its center of mass (cm).

    m x i i
    xcg  xcm  i

    m i
    i

    m y i i
    ycg  ycm  i

    m i
    i

    2
    3
    Example 1. Walking the plank
    A uniform wooden plank of length L=6.0m and mass M=90kg rests on top of two sawhorses
    separated by a distance D=1.5m., located equal distances from the center of the plank.
    Your cousin Throckmorton tries to stand on the right-hand end of the plank. If the plank is
    to remain at rest, how massive can Throckmorton be?
    Example 2.
    At what point will the meter stick with rock attached be in balance?

    1. Net Force must be zero
    F  0

    2. Net Torque must be zero
      0

    6
    Example 3. Weight Distribution of a Car
    An auto magazine reports that a certain sports car has 53% of its weight on the front
    wheels and 47% on its rear wheels, with a 2.46-m wheelbase. This means that the total
    normal force on the front wheel is 0.53w and that on the rear wheel is 0.47w, where w is
    the total weight. The wheel base is the distance between the front and rear axle. How far
    in front of the rear axle is the car’s center of gravity?

    7
    Example 4. Heroic Rescue
    Sir Lancelot is trying to rescue the Lady Elayne from
    Castle Von Doom by climbing a uniform ladder that is
    5.0m long and weighs 180 N. Lancelot, who weighs
    800 N, stops a third of the way up the ladder. The
    bottom of the ladder rests on a horizontal stone
    ledge and leans across the moat in equilibrium
    against a vertical wall that is frictionless because of
    a thick layer of moss. The ladder makes an angle of
    53.1o with the horizontal, conveniently forming a
    3-4-5 right triangle. (a) Find the normal and friction
    forces on the ladder at its base. (b) Find the
    minimum coefficient of static friction needed to
    prevent slipping at the base. (c) Find the magnitude
    and direction of the contact force on the ladder at
    the base.

    8
    STRESS -> characterizes the strength of the force causing the deformation
    -> force per unit area basis
    STRAIN -> describes the resulting deformation

    ELASTIC MODULI -> stress over strain Stress


    Elastic Moduli  Hooke’s Law
    -> SI Unit – Pascal (Pa) Strain

    9
    -> the object is in tension

    F
    Tensile Stress 
    A
    ΔL
    Tensile Strain 
    L0

    ELASTIC MODULI

    Tensile stress F L0
     Y Young’s Modulus
    Tensile strain AL

    10
    -> the object experiences pressure

     F 
    Bulk Stress     p
     A
    ΔV
    Bulk Strain  
    V0
    ELASTIC MODULI

    Bulk stress
    
    p V0
    B Bulk Modulus
    Bulk strain V
    1
    k Compressibility
    B
    11
    -> the object experiences two opposing forces at opposite points

    F||
    Shear Stress 
    A
    x
    Shear Strain 
    h

    ELASTIC MODULI

    Shear stress F|| h


     S Shear Modulus
    Shear strain Ax

    12
    Example 5. Tensile Stress and Strain
    A steel rod 2.0 m long has a cross-sectional area of 0.30 cm2. The rod is now hung by one
    end from a support structure, and a 550-kg milling machine is hung from the rod’s lower
    end. Determine the stress, the strain and the elongation of the rod.

    Example 6. Bulk Stress and Strain


    A hydraulic press contains 0.25m3 (250 L) of oil. Find the decrease in volume of the oil
    when it is subjected to a pressure increase of 1.6x107 Pa. The bulk modulus of the oil is
    5x109 Pa.

    Example 6. Shear Stress and Strain


    A square brass plate 0.80 m a side and 0.50 cm thick experiences shear
    stress. How large a force must be exerted on its edges if the
    displacement x=0.16mm?
    Prob 1. The center of gravity of a 5-kg irregular object is shown in the
    figure. You need to move the center of gravity 2.20 cm to the left by
    gluing on a tiny 1.50 kg mass, which will then be considered as part of the
    object. Where should you attach this additional mass?

    Prob 2. The horizontal beam in the figure weighs 150 N and its center of
    gravity is at the center. Find (a) the tension in the cable and (b) the
    horizontal and vertical components of the force exerted on the beam at the
    wall

    Prob 3. A ladder carried by a fire truck is 20.0 m long. The


    ladder weighs 2800 N and its center of gravity is at its
    center. The ladder is pivoted at one end (A) about a pin. The
    ladder is raised into position by a force applied by a hydraulic
    piston at C. Point C is 8.0 m from A, and the force F exerted by
    the piston makes an angle of 40o with the ladder. What
    magnitude must F have just to lift the ladder off the support
    bracket at B?

    15

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