GRADE

11
11
PROGRAMMING(.NET
TECHNOLOGY)NC III
Quarter 1
 1
TLE Grade 11
PIVOT-AIVLearner’s Material WEE
Quarter 1 Module 3 K
First Edition, 2020
3

Introduction to ICT
USE MATHEMATICAL CONCEPTS AND TECHNIQUES

Development Team of the Module

Author: ANTONIO D. MONTEMAYOR B.S.C.S, B.S.Ed, MA Educ.Mgmt. 39 Units

Editor: ANTONIO D. MONTEMAYOR
Reviewer: ANTONIO D. MONTEMAYOR
Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Lhovie A. Cauilan, Teaching Ai

Department of Education Region 4A

CALABARZON Office Address: Gate 2 Karangalan Village, Cainta Rizal
Landline:-868-25702-73, Local 420/421
Email Address: lrmd.calabarzon@deped.
 Guide in Using PIVOT Learner

For the Parents/Guardian

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institution to assist you, the teacher or facilitator
in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aim to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners’ progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the Learner

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will have to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
 Is What I Need To Know?

This module contains information and suggested learning activities on Computer

Programming.Net. Module covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required in the
application of mathematical concepts and techniques.

It consists of 2 learning outcomes. Each learning outcome contains learning

activities supported by each instructional sheet. Upon completion of this module, report
to your teacher to assess your achievement of knowledge and skills requirement of this
module.
The module is divided into two lessons, namely:

Lesson 3 –
USE MATHEMATICAL CONCEPTS
AND
TECHNIQUES (MCT)

After going through this module, you are expected to:

Introduction

This module covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required in the application
of mathematical concepts and techniques.

Learning Outcomes:
Upon completion of this module, you MUST be able to:
1. Identify mathematical tools and techniques to solve problems.
2. Apply mathematical procedure/solution.
3. Analyze result
 Is What is new?

The calculators we know today were first invented in the 1960s, and the use of
smartphones as calculators began in the 1990s. However, that does not mean that
mathematical tools weren’t available a century ago.

Several computing machines were made long before the arrival of digital calculators
and smartphones. The abacus, for example, was used in the ancient Near East, Europe,
Russia, and China, long before the adoption of the written Hindu-Arabic numeral system.

The first ‘true calculator’ was invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642. It was praised for
attempting arithmetic calculations that were previously thought impossible.

Mechanical calculators in the 17the century were comparable in size to typewriters and
have been rendered obsolete by the advent of portable electronic calculators.

Modern electronic calculators are used to carry out various tasks, ranging from basic
arithmetic to complex mathematics. They have not only enhanced our ability to perform
basic computations but provided us with the ability to understand mathematics on a greater
scale than ever imagined.

Today, there are many types of calculators available in the market that features
different power sources, designs, and functions. One can put them into three categories
based on the source of power.

 Electric calculators: the old ones that work on electricity.

 Battery calculators: the current ones that use cells to do calculations.
 Solar calculators: are the electronic calculators powered by solar cells mounted
on the devices.

Nowadays, most calculators use both battery and solar energy to perform
operations. Below, we have listed all different types of calculators (currently available in
the market) as per their usage purpose.

1. Abacus

Abacus is a simple tool used to perform quick arithmetic calculations. It was invented
in ancient times and now widely used in brain development programs. Studies have proved
that Abacus learners use both sides of the brain: right and left hemisphere.

The word ‘abacus’ comes from the Greek word ‘abax’, which meant ‘counting table’.
The device is usually made of a rectangular wooden frame that holds multiple vertically
arranged rods, on which beads slide up and down. Each rod represents a unique place
value, while each bead represents a number.

The device helps children carry out calculations in mind by visualizing Abacus bead
movements. It also improves their concentration levels. It is especially helpful for visually
impaired people who cannot use digital calculators.
 2. Basic Calculators

The basic, portable calculators are used in almost every office and home. They are
perfect for doing general-purpose calculations and basic math tasks, such as addition,
subtraction, multiplication, division, exponentiation, and logarithm.

This type of calculator usually includes an 8- to 12-digit display (LCD seven-segment

display) and physical keys for input. They run on both battery and solar energy: the battery is
used when light is insufficient and solar energy is used when there is enough light to run the
device.

Some basic calculators feature extra-large display for reading, recheck functions to
confirm errors, and On-display indication of active constant to reduce chances of manual error.
Some of them also come with dedicated keys for calculation of price with tax, and for grand
total calculation.

3. Scientific Calculators

A scientific Calculator with a two-tier LCD, in which the upper dot-matrix portion
displays input formula and symbols

Scientific calculators are specially designed to solve problems in science,

engineering, mathematics. Some of these calculators include statistical and trigonometric
calculations, and some even have the ability to perform computer algebra.

The first scientific calculator named HP-9100A was manufactured in 1968. Since

then, thousands of portable and handheld scientific calculators have been invented by
various companies. Currently, Casio is a major player in this market.

They are widely used to solve specific mathematical functions and perform
calculations on very small or very larger numbers, as in some aspects ofchemistry, physics,
and astronomy.

While most models consist of a single-line display similar to basic calculators,

some of them have 10- to 12-digits with extra digits for the floating-point arithmetic.

Generally, the high-end scientific calculators feature Boolean math, hexadecimal

calculations, fractions, and probability calculations, complex numbers, physicals constants,
unit conversion, calculus, and matrix calculations.
 4. Graphing Calculators

In certain contexts, scientific calculators have been replaced by graphing calculators.

They can plot graphs, solve simultaneous equations, and carry out tasks with variables.

The first commercial graphing calculator, fx-7000G, was released by Casio in 1985.

Since then, many advanced calculators have been manufactured with faster processors,
more memory, and a USB connection. Today, Texas Instruments and Casio hold the
majority of the calculator market.

Compared to basic calculators, they have large displays to show several lines of
text, figures, and calculations at the same time. In fact, most graphing calculators are
also programmable, which means users can create customized programs for specific
scientific or engineering applications.

Some of these calculators can also be connected to instruments such as electronic

accelerometers, pH gauges, electronic thermometers, weather devices, and thus function
as data loggers.

The latest graphing calculators come with high-resolution LCD screens and fast
CPUs to perform the most complex graphics and calculations. Users can write and store
programs to automate an elaborate procedure. Also, users can connect it with a computer
for even greater functionality.

5. Printing Calculators

printing calculators were pretty popular before personal computers were present in
every home. They are basic calculators that print results onto a paper along with
displaying them on an LCD screen.

At present, printing calculators are available in both desktop and portable models
running on batteries and/or AC power. They are mostly used by shopkeepers and
accountants to print bill receipts, calculate profit margins, and track time for payroll.

They come with a roll of paper inside the printer, on which all records are printed.
Some calculators can print in two colors for easy checking: black (shows positive
values) and red (shows negative value).

6. Online Calculators
Nowadays, many types of calculators can be accessed on the Internet. They are
designed to perform specific tasks. BMI calculator, for example, takes weight and height
as input, and measure body mass index.

Similarly, pregnancy calculators are designed to predict a woman’s due age based
on key pregnancy information. Other online calculators, such as a calorie calculator, can
help people figure out how many calories they should be eating per day to either lose or
maintain weight.
 What I know?

ACTIVITY 1

1. Add the following:

(a) 35787 + 43 487 = (b) 568934 + 456823 + 546789 + 569874 + 78567

2. Subtract the following:

(i) 8690 – 3506 =

6. Simplify:

(i) 26 + 32 – 12 =

(ii) 75 + 25 – 30 =

(iii) 329 + 574 =

(iv) 370 – 259 =

7. In a school there are 539 students of whom 329 students are girls. Find the number
of boys.

8. In a collection of fruits there are 57 apples, 46 mangoes and 23 oranges. How many
fruits are there in the collection?

9. Write in multiplication form: 14 + 14 + 14 + 14 + 14

10. Multiply the following:

(i) 31 × 3 = (ii) 53 × 8 =

11. There are 7 days in a week. How many days are there in 52 weeks?

12. How many weeks are there in 42 days if seven days make a week?

13. Find two division facts for the multiplication facts: 7 × 6 = 42        

14. Find two multiplication facts for the division facts: 40 ÷ 8 = 5

15. Divide the following:

(i) 0 ÷ 10 =

(ii) 63 ÷ 7 =

What is in?

ACTIVITY 1
1. Find the sum of:
 (i) 7853 + 6329
(ii) 342815 + 506793

2. Add the following:

(i) 2 1 4 3 7 + 5 2 8 9 2 + 3 2 0 4 
(ii) 2 7 5 6 + 5 2 1 3 4 + 3 7 2 9 2

3.. Subtract:

(i) 5 4 2 0 1 - 2 2 8 7 3
(ii) 8 6 2 7 5 - 3 5 6 7 9

4. Simplify:

(i) 4391 + 7530 - 9418

(ii) 8457 + 3502 – 6989

13. Find the product of:

(i) 3427 x 15
(ii) 2976 x 809
(iii) 5716 x 831

14. Find the product of:

(i) 49 x 700
(ii) 63 x 400
(iii) 79 x 90

Find the quotient:

(i) 170 ÷ 10
(ii) 210 ÷ 70
(iii) 7005 ÷ 10

Divide and find the quotient and remainder:

(i) 294 ÷ 3
(ii) 237 ÷ 16
(iii) 6692 ÷ 64
(iv) 94206 ÷ 87
 What is it?

LESSO USE MATHEMATICAL

CONCEPTS AND
N 3 TECHNIQUES (MCT)
Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division, and Fraction
Addition
What is addition?

Addition is the math function that lets you know how much you have when you
combine two or more numbers. Every time you put money into your bank account, you
are adding to your balance. At the grocery store, you add items to your cart.

This addition lesson will help you learn basic addition rules, and give you practice:

 Using place values

 Adding numbers with the stack and add technique
 Carrying when you are adding whole numbers

Whole Numbers and Place Values

As you work with numbers, you'll realize that each number has its own special
qualities. This lesson deals with adding whole numbers (0 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 etc.) based on
their place values.

The place of a digit in a number determines its value. Some whole numbers,
such as 632, have three digits. Each digit represents a different value.

In the number 632:

 the 2 is in the ones digit place 632

 the 3 is in the tens digit place 632
 the 6 is in the hundreds digit place 632

So, there are two ones (2), three tens (30) and six hundreds (600) in the number
632. Knowing the value of digits in a number is important as you learn about addition.

A math concept is the 'why' or 'big idea' of math. Knowing a math concept means you
know the workings behind the answer. You know why you got the answer you got and you don't
have to memorize answers or formulas to figure them out. ... This takes us to the difference
between a math concept and a math fact.

Think of place values like this:

What is Addition?
Addition is the combining of two or more numbers to get a sum. For example, if
you have 3 lemons, and you go to the store and buy 2 more, you have a sum of 5
lemons.

Let's look at it on a number line, beginning at 3 and moving over two places:

You might write 3 + 2 = 5 which means 3 plus 2 equals 5 The plus sign is used
when you add.

You can use addition when totaling your bills or on the job when you need to
add two or more quantities together.

Stacking and Adding Numbers

You've learned that you can write addition as a number plus another number: 3 +
4. An easy way to add numbers is to stack them in their value places.

To stack numbers:

 Place the numbers you want to add on top of each other in their value places.
 Place the plus sign,+, on the left of the stack
 Draw a line at the bottom.

Suppose you want to add 12 and 3.

To add the numbers:

 First, add the 3 and 2 in the ones place to get 5.

 Since there is nothing in the tens place to the left of 3, bring down the 1.
 The sum is 15. Place it below the line in the addition problem.

When doing addition, try using a sheet of lined paper turned sideways to help
you put numbers in their value places.

Carrying Numbers

If you want to add 16 and 18, the steps are a little different because you'll need to
carry a number to the next place value. You carry when the numbers in a place value
add up to more than 9. This is an important skill you'll need to learn in order to do
some addition.
 To add 16 and 18:

 First, add 6 and 8 in the ones place: 6 + 8 = 14.

 The number 14 has a 4 in the ones place and a 1 in the tens place.
 Put the 4 in the ones place of your sum.
 Next, place the remaining 1 over the ones in the tens place in your problem.
This is called carrying to the next place value.
 Add all the ones.
 Place 3 in the tens place of your sum.

The sum of 16 plus 18 is 34.

Paying Attention to Place Values

Remember, a good way to add numbers is to stack them. It doesn't matter what
order you stack them in as long as you put them in their place values:

To add 144 + 20 + 6, you could stack the numbers in several ways including:

They all add up to 170!

Grouping 10s

It's important to learn how to add numbers mentally in order to do daily tasks. For
example, you may want to keep track of the cost of items in your grocery cart so you
don't go over $30.

There's a quick way to add some numbers in your head: Use groups of 10.

Suppose you're in charge of collecting money from your co-workers to buy a gift
for the boss. You know that Aaron plans to give $10, Maria will give $12, David will
contribute $5 and you will give $11.

Find out how much money you will have to spend, by making groups of 10. Think
about the numbers 10, 12, 5, and 11, like this:

Three 10s plus 8 ones equals 38.

So, $30 + $8 = $38.

Calculating Numbers

Suppose you're working with many large numbers, and just thinking about adding
them in your head causes a headache. Consider using a calculator.
 A calculator is a tool you can use to add numbers and do other math. You can
use a hand-held calculator, find one online or use one that comes with your computer's
operating system. For example, pictured below is the calculator from the Windows XP
operating system.

Suppose you want to add 1,179 + 3,485 + 2,130.

To calculate these numbers with an onscreen calculator:

 Use the numeric keypad on the right side of your keyboard, or click the numbers
on the onscreen calculator, and enter the first number you want to calculate:
1179.
 Click or Press +
 Enter the next number: 3485
 Click or Press +
 Enter the remaining number(s): 2130
 After entering the last number, click or press =.
 The calculator will display the answer: 6794.

When using a calculator, press or click CE (C or AC) to clear numbers from your
calculator display. Be aware that most calculators don't enter or display commas.

To operate the onscreen calculator using the numeric keypad on your keyboard,
check to see that Num Lock key has been pressed.

Subtraction

In math, subtraction is the method used to find the difference between two
numbers. It's the opposite of addition. When you take an item off the shelf at the grocery
store, you are subtracting it from the store’s inventory. When you withdraw money from
your bank account, the bank subtracts the amount from your balance.

This basic subtraction lesson shows you how easy it can be to subtract numbers
when you:

 use the stack and subtract method

 “borrow” when you are subtracting numbers
 check your answer using addition

What's the Difference?

Subtraction is the method used to find the difference between two numbers. It's
the opposite of addition.

For example, the difference between 9 and 4 is 5. Suppose you have nine
lemons and you give four away. Think of four lemons taken away from a group of nine
lemons and five lemons remain.
 Stacking Numbers and Subtracting

When you want to subtract one number from another number, it's a good idea to
stack them based on their place values:

To stack the numbers for subtraction:

 Stack the numbers, placing the number you want to take away on the bottom.
 Stack the numbers according to their place values
 Place the minus sign, -, on the left side of the stack.

To subtract 6 from 18:

 First, subtract 6 from 8 in the ones place to get 2.

 Since there is nothing in the tens place to the left of 6, bring down the 1.
 The answer is 12. Place it below the line in the subtraction problem.

Borrowing

When you subtract numbers, you sometimes borrow. You borrow from the tens
place when you can't subtract from a digit in the ones place.

To subtract 5 from 24:

 Since you can't take 5 from 4, you must borrow to make 14.
 When you borrow 1 from the tens places, you are actually taking 10 and adding it
to the 4 in the ones place to get 14.
 Fourteen minus five equal nine. (14 - 5 = 9.)
 Since there's nothing to subtract from the 1 remaining in the tens place, you bring
down the 1 to get the answer: 19.
 Now you know the difference: 24 - 5 = 19.

Subtracting Larger Numbers

When borrowing, keep track of what is left in the digit place that you borrow
from.

To subtract 14 from 32:

 Since you can't take 4 from 2, borrow 1 from the 3 in the tens place to make 12.
 (When you borrow 1 from the tens place, you are actually taking 10 and adding it
to the 2 in the ones place to get 12).
 Twelve minus four equals eight. (12 - 4 = 8.)
 Since you borrowed 1 from the tens place in the top number, a 2 is left. Two
minus one equals one (2 - 1 = 1).
 The answer is 18.
 Now you know the difference: 32 - 14 = 18.

Checking Subtraction

Since subtraction is the opposite of addition, check your subtraction by adding.

Not sure that 24 - 5 = 19?

Add 19 + 5 and the sum should be 24. (If you don't get that sum, try redoing your
subtraction).
 Subtracting in Parts

Here's a subtraction shortcut: subtract numbers in parts.

For example, your boss tells you to take $80 in cash to buy a paper shredder. You
find one on sale for $63. To find out how much money will be leftover, subtract 80 - 63
using the subtract in parts method.

To subtract 63 from 80 in parts:

 Break 60 into 60 + 3.
 It's easy to subtract 60 from 80. You get 20.
 Next, subtract 3 from 20 to get 17.
 By breaking the number into parts, you quickly figure out that 80 - 63 = 17.

Using a Calculator to Subtract

Sometimes you may not want to subtract in your head or on a paper, especially if
dealing with large numbers.

For example, suppose you earn $27,500 a year and you plan to apply for a job
that pays $34,000. How much more money would you earn if you get the job? Use a
handheld calculator, find one online or use the calculator that comes with your operating
system. The Windows XP calculator is pictured below:

To use an onscreen calculator to subtract:

 Use the numeric keypad on the right side of your keyboard, or click the numbers
on the onscreen calculator, and enter the first number you want to subtract.
34000)
 Click or Press -
 Enter the next number. 27500)
 Click or Press =
 The answer is 6500

When using a calculator, press or click CE (C or AC) to clear numbers from your
calculator display. Be aware that most calculators don't enter or display commas.

To operate the onscreen calculator using the numeric keypad on your keyboard,
check to see that Num Lock key has been pressed.
 Multiplication and Times Tables

Multiplication is a quick way of adding the same number many times. For
example, a lemonade recipe calls for the same number of lemons each time you make
one pitcher. If you need to make several pitchers of lemonade, how will you know how
many lemons to buy at the store? By multiplying numbers!

One of the easiest ways to learn multiplication is to use the times table. But you
probably won’t have a multiplication chart with you each time you need it. So how can
you memorize the numbers in the times table?

This lesson will explain how to easily multiply numbers. It gives you tips, several
practice opportunities, and specifically shows you:

 how to read a multiplication table

 how easy it is multiplying numbers by zero or one
 that skip counting by twos, threes, fours, fives, and tens can make multiplication
easy

What is Multiplication?

Multiplication is related to addition. It's a quick way of adding the same

number many times. If you have four numbers that are the same, such as 3 + 3 + 3 +
3, you can multiply them.

So, 4 multiplied by 3 means 4 times 3. You are adding the 3 4 times.

Setting Up Numbers to Multiply

When you multiply, you can write the numbers a couple of ways using the times
sign: X.

When multiplying small numbers you can write them on the same line with the X
in the middle: 6 X 4

However, you'll want to stack when multiplying with larger numbers:

Factors and Product

The two numbers that you are multiplying are factors.

 The result is the product.

Tips for Learning Times Tables

The easiest way to learn multiplication is to memorize the multiplication table.

Some people refer to this as learning your times tables.

First, memorize the 0's and the 1's.

Multiplying by 0 is easy because any number times zero is zero:

Multiplying by 1 is also easy because any number multiplied by one equals

itself:

Now, that you know the 0's and 1's of the multiplication table, a good way to
remember the 2's is to count by 2's:

2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24

If you can count by 2s, it's easier to remember that 2 X 1 = 2, 2 X 2= 4, 2 X 3 = 6, 2

X 4 = 8 etc.

You can get to know the threes in a similar way: count by 3s.

3, 6, 9, 12,15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36

This makes it easier to remember that 3 X 1 = 3, 3 X 2 = 6, 3 X 3 = 9 etc

More Tips for Learning the Times Tables

Here are some more tips for mastering the multiplication table:

 Learn to count by 5 for the 5s times tables: 5,10,15,20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45,50 etc.

 Learn the 10s by counting by 10: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, etc.

 Learn the times that rhyme: 6 x 6 = 36, 6 x 4 = 24, 6 x 8 = 48.

Say the times tables out loud. You'll remember them better.

Multiplication with Larger Numbers

Multiplying

Memorizing the multiplication table makes multiplying small numbers easy. When
multiplying with larger numbers, make sure you stack the numbers in their digit places
(value places).
 Multiplying with larger numbers take a little more time since you're working with
more numbers.

Let's multiply 5 X 43:

 First, Multiply 5 x 3.
 You get the partial product: 15.
 Place 5 in the ones place of the product and carry the 1.
 Now, multiply 5 X 4 to get 20:
 Add 20 and the 1 that you carried to get the final product: 215.

Multiplying with Larger Numbers

When you multiply larger numbers, be sure to carry and, then add the
appropriate numbers.

143 x 5 =

 First, Multiply 5 x 3.
 You get the partial product: 15.
 Place 5 in the ones place of the product and carry the 1.
 Now, multiply 5 X 4 to get 20.
 Add 20 and the 1 that you carried to get 21.
 Place the 1 in the tens place and carry the 2.
 Next, multiply 5 X 1 to get 5.
 Add 5 and the 2 that you carried to get 7.

 Place the 7 in the hundreds place to get the final product: 715.

More Multiplication

When you multiply with even larger numbers, you need to do some more addition
to get your product. As you multiply, stack and add the partial

products to get your product. Remember to keep the partial products in the correct
value places.

To multiply 15 X 143:

 First, Multiply 5 x 143 to get 715.

 Be sure that the 5 in 715 occupies the ones place on the line below the problem.
 Next, multiply 1 X 143 to get 143.
 Since the 1 occupied the tens place in the problem, be sure to place the 3 in 143
in the tens place.
 the final step is to add the partial products (715 and 143 togather) to get your
final answer.

Multiplication Tips

There will be times you need to multiply quickly, without a multiplication chart and
without pencil and paper. Certain multiplication shortcuts can help you do that. And they
may even make math fun!

This lesson will help you practice using multiplication shortcuts, including:
  Magic Eleven to multiply by 11
 Divine Nines to multiply by 9
 Nine and Zero Delight to multiply by 9
 A calculator

Magic Eleven

Here are some math shortcuts you can use when multiplying by the number 11:

To multiply a two-digit number by 11: Add the two digits and write the sum
between them.

For example, to find the product of 23 X 11:

The two-digit number you are multiplying by 11 is 23, so:

 Add the two digits, which are the 2 and the 3.

The sum of 2 + 3 is 5.
 Place the 5 between the 2 and the 3 to get the correct answer: 253.
 So, 23 X 11 = 253.

Now, if the sum of the two-digits add up to more than 9, don't use the Magic Eleven
shortcut.

If you find the Magic Eleven shortcut easy to follow, great. If not, try practicing. It
may take a while to get used to it. Remember, use the Magic Eleven shortcut when
mutiplying 11 times a two-digit number that doesn't add up to more than 9. Otherwise,
it can get tricky.

Divine Nines

If you haven't yet mastered the nine times tables, here's a shortcut to multiplying
by 9 with single-digit numbers.

To multiply 9 X 7 using the Divine Nines shortcut:

 Take whatever number you are multiplying by 9 and subtract 1 from it. This new
number becomes the first digit in the solution.

In this example, you are multiplying 9 by 7, so 7-1=6. 6 is the first digit in the
solution.

 To get the second digit in the solution, subtract the new number from nine.

In this example, 9-6 is 3. 3 is the second digit in the solution.

 Then, write the two digits together to get the final solution.

The first digit in the solution was 6, the second digit in the solution was 3.
Write them together as 63. Here's the answer: 9 X 7 = 63.

Nine and Zero Delight

Here's another multiplication shortcut. It's called Nine and Zero Delight and it's
also useful for multiplying single-digit numbers by nine.

For example, to multiply 9 X 8 using the Nine and Zero Delight shortcut:

 Take the single-digit number you are multiplying by 9 and place a 0 after it:
 In this example, you are multiplying 8 and 9, so put a 0 after the 8 to make
80.

 Next, subtract the original number from this new number:

80 is the number you just made, and 8 is the the original number you are
multiplying. So for this example, you have 80 - 8 which equals 72.

 Now you've got the solution: 9 X 8 = 72.

Here's a rhyme to help you remember this shortcut for multiplying single digits
by 9:

Nine and Zero Delight

Place a zero on the right

Subtract the digit

Don't forget it

Using a Calculator to Multiply

Sometimes you may not want to multiply in your head or on a paper, especially if
dealing with large numbers.

Suppose you need to get a general idea of the cost of 12 new computers for your
company. The machines cost $2,199. How much money will the company likely end up
spending?

Use a handheld calculator, one that you find online or use the calculator that
comes with your operating system. Pictured below is the Windows XP calculator.

To use an onscreen calculator to multiply:

 Use the numeric keypad on the right side of your keyboard, or click the numbers
on the onscreen calculator, and enter the first number you want to calculate. (In
this case, 2199).
 Click or Press *
 Enter the next number. (In this case, 12)
 Click or Press =
 The answer is 26388.

So, the company will probably spend about $26,388 for new computers.

When using a calculator, press or click CE (C or AC) to clear numbers from your
calculator display. Be aware that most calculators don't enter or display commas.

To operate the onscreen calculator using the numeric keypad on your keyboard,
check to see that Num Lock key has been pressed.

Division

What comes after multiplication in math? Division. Division is the opposite of

multiplication. Instead of combining groups many times (like you do when you multiply),
when you divide numbers, you are splitting them into smaller, equal groups. But you
won’t always have equal groups when you

are dividing numbers or items – sometimes, you may have items left over. What do
you do then?

This lesson will help you figure that out by:

 explaining the concept of dividing numbers

 giving you division practice
 helping you divide numbers that have remainders
 showing you how to check your division

What is Division?

Division is the opposite of multiplication. It's a method of making equal groups.

Suppose you have 12 flowers and you want to divide them among 4 family
members. If you divide the flowers equally, how many flowers will each person get?

You could write the problem llke this: 12 / 4 = . The slash, / , means "divided by".

Or, you could write the problem using the division symbol which looks like a
small, horizontal line with a dot above and below the line. 12 4

Either way you write it, each person gets three roses. Since 3 X 4 = 12, you can
see the connection between multiplication and division. Knowing the multiplication table
can help you when you do division.

Remember factors from the lesson on Multiplication? A good rule to remember is

that a number (For example, 12) is always divisible by its factors. (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12).
That means you can divide 12 equally by 1, 2 ,4 ,6 and 12.

Quotient, Dividend and Divisor

When you divide a number, the answer you get is the quotient.

The number that you're dividing is the dividend.

The number that you're dividing by is the divisor.

Knowing these terms will help as you learn more about division later in this
lesson. Take some time to review and become familiar with them.
 Dividing Numbers

When dividing numbers you can set them up in three ways:

To divide a two-digit number:

 Work on one digit at a time, beginning on the left: In this case, divide 2 by the 2 in
the tens place of 24. (2 / 2 =1) Place a 1 in the ten's place of the quotient. It's
important to place the numbers in the correct digit places of your quotient.
 Next, Subtract. (In this case, subtract 2 - 2)
 Bring down the remaining number 4.
 Next divide 4 by 2. (Place your answer, 2, on top in your quotient and subtract 4
below).
 Once you get a 0 at the bottom and there are no more numbers to divide, stop.
Look at the top to get your answer or quotient. (In this case, 12).

Remainder

While division is a process of making equal groups, not all numbers divide
equally. The remainder is the number after you divide.

Suppose you want to divide 38 notepads equally among 12 people: 38 / 12 = ?.

 Since you may recall from the times tables that 3 X 12 = 36, put a 3 in the one's
place of the quotient.
 Next, subtract. (In this case, subtract 38 - 36)
 You get a remainder of 2. So, if you have 38 file notepads that you need to divide
among 12 people, each would get 3 and you'd have two left over.

The remainder is always less than the divisor. If you get a remainder that is
greater than the divisor, check your division!

Checking Your Division

For 38 / 12, you got a quotient of 3 and a remainder of 2. Remember 38 is the

dividend and 12 is the divisor.

Check your division by multiplying. Be sure to put the numbers in their correct
digit places.
  Since you may recall from the times tables that 3 X 12 = 36, put a 3 in the one's
place of the quotient.
 Next, subtract. (In this case, subtract 38 - 36)
 You get a remainder of 2. So, if you have 38 file notepads that you need to divide
among 12 people, each would get 3 and you'd have two left over.

Division Tips

Sometimes, you will need to divide numbers quickly. If you are at dinner and
splitting the bill evenly with some friends, you need to know your portion of the bill. You
probably won’t want to write it out on the napkin, even if you did have a pen.

So, can it be quick and easy to perform division? Practice by completing this
lesson. It will provide you with tricks to make dividing numbers easier for you. Some of
these tips include:

 Checking to see if the number is evenly divisible by 3, 4, 5 or 10

 Using division tables
 Using a calculator to divide numbers

Is it Divisible?

How can you tell if a number is divisible by another? In other words, how can you
tell if a number can be equally divided by another? Here are some tips for dividing by 3,
4, 5 and 10.

Dividing by 3:

Add up the digits. If you can divide the sum by three, the number is divisible by
three.

For example, you want to divide 75 by 3:

 Check by adding 7 + 5.
 You get 12
 Is 12 divisible by 3? Yes.
 So, now you know you can get equal groups of 3 out of 75. In fact, if you divide
75 by 3, you get 25.

Dividing by 4:

Look at the last two digits. If they are divisible by 4, the number is as well.

144 is divisible by 4 and so is 39312.

More Division Tips

Here are some tips for dividing by 5 and 10.

Dividing by 5:

If the last digit is a five or a zero, then the number is divisible by 5.

40, 100, 945 and 1,235 are all divisible by 5.

 Dividing by 10:

If the number ends in 0, then it's divisible by 10.

40, 190 and 1,330 are all divisible by 10.

Division Tables

By now, you know that multiplication tables can help you master the basics of
both multiplication and division. You can also use division tables to help you learn basic
division.

Here are some examples from the 2s division table.

2/2=1 4/2=2 6/2=3 8/2=4

Using a Calculator to Divide

Sometimes you may not want to divide in your head or on a paper, especially if
dealing with large numbers.

Suppose you need to divide 2,112 cartons of supplies equally among 32 schools.
How many cartons will each school get?

Use a handheld calculator, one you find online or a calculator that comes with
your computer. The calculator pictured below is part of the Windows XP operating
system.

To use an onscreen calculator to divide:

To use the Windows calculator to divide:

 Use the numeric keypad on the right side of your keyboard, or click the numbers
on the onscreen calculator, and enter the number you want to divide. (In this
case, 2,112).
 Click or Press /
 Enter the next number. (In this case, 32)
 Click or Press =
 The answer is 66.

To operate the onscreen calculator using the numeric keypad on your keyboard,
check to see that Num Lock key has been pressed.

What is more?

(Addition Part 1)

1. You want to buy a microwave oven for $205 and a casserole dish set for $39.
Add 205 + 39 to find out much the microwave oven and the casserole dish set
will cost. Stack the numbers and don't forget to carry!
2. Stack and add 22 + 23.
3. Stack and add 88 + 24.
4. Stack and add 245 + 35.
5. You have put together 35 information packets and your co-worker has done 29.
How many packets have you both completed altogether?
6. Donna needs to sendletters to people on different mailing lists. One list contains
18 names and the other list contains 23 names. How many letters will she need
to produce?
7. Stack and add 42 + 104.
8. You're planning a small outdoor party. If you have 8 lawn chairs and your
neighbors say they will loan you 12 lawn chairs, how many chairs will you have
altogether?
9. Stack and add 123 + 8.
10. Stack and add 14 + 62.

(Subtraction Part 1)

1. Sharon had 8 decorative plants in her yard. She gave her neighbor 3 of them.
How many plants does she have left?
2. Wesley has $52. If he spends $25 on groceries how much money will he have
left?
3. Carol has delivered 4 of the 12 packages in her truck. How many more packages
does she have to deliver?
4. Subtract 12 from 44
5. What's the answer to 125 - 16?
6. What's the answer to 220 - 10?
7. Joe loaded 12 bales of hay onto his truck but 3 fell off when he hit a bump. How
many bales did he have when he arrived home?
8. Denise brought 24 hotdogs to the picnic. The guests ate 18. How many hotdogs
were left?
9. Subtract 4 from 62.
10. What's the answer to 122 - 8?

(Multiplication Part 1)

1. Using the multiplication table in this lesson, find the answer to 8 X 9.

2. Use the table in this lesson to figure out 7 X 12.
3. Barbara bought 3 cartons of eggs to cook breakfast for some guests. Each
carton contains 12 eggs. How many eggs does she have? Use the table to find
out.
4. Barbara also plans to bake 2 pans of blueberry muffins. Each pan will hold 9
muffins. How many muffins will she bake? Use the table to find out.
5. Think about this in your head and answer, what's 2 X 4?
6. Think about this in your hand and answer, what's 2 X 5?
7. Count by twos up to the number 12
8. Count by threes up to the number 15
9. Count by fives up to the number 30
10. Count by tens up to the number 70

(Division Part 1)

1. Doug and three friends earned 184 doing yardwork. Divide 184 by 4 to find out
what each person earned
2. Jason and Greg have to make 34 deliveries. If they divide by 2, how many
deliveries will each person do?.
3. 84 / 5 =
4. 256 /12 =
5. 44 / 20 =
6. Divide 52 by 7
7. Divide 336 by 3
8. 456 / 8 =
9. If you have 240 boxes of books to divide among 10 schools. How many boxes
does each school get?
10. The company has 275 account which 5 represenatatives handle equally. How
many accounts does each representative handle?
 (Division Part 2)

1. Is 45 equally divisible by 3?
2. Is 64 equally divisible by 4?
3. Is 220 equally divisible by 4?
4. Is 95 ually divisible by 5?
5. Is 1,937 equally divisible by 5?
6. Is 2,440 equally divisible by 10?
7. Is 3,432 equaly divisible by 10?
8. Using a calculator divide 4,432 by 8.
9. Using a calculator divide 1,872 by 12
10. Using a calculator divide 12,192 by 48

E What I can do?

(Addition Part 2)

a.56989045 + 98230985 + 56884769 + 45697834 + 63456790 + 56789497

b. 786978 + 567909 + 567899 + 678908 + 789687

(Subtraction Part 2)

1. Using a calculator, subtract 5,496 - 4,450.

2. Using a calculator, subtract 9,500 - 4,655.
3. Dan reserved an auditorium that seats 2,000 people. By the time the program
started, 1,587 people had been seated. How many empty seats were in the
auditorium?
4. Julia plans to travel 1,220 miles by the time her trip is over. So, far she has
traveled 884 miles. How many more miles does she have to travel?
5. 8974280 – 8797699
6. 900067 – 878678
7. 640203 – 459886
8. 789005 – 345672
9. 723405- 459108
10. 45200 - 36588

(Multiplication Part 2)

a. 5698755 x 679 b. 76587 x 786 c. 9548012 x 7885

d. 78685 x 7867 e. 98753768 x 5090

What else can I do?

(Multiplication Part 3)

1. To use the Magic Eleven shortcut to multiply 24 X 11, you should first add 2 +
___.
2. To use the Nine and Zero shortcut to multiply 9 X 7, place the 0 to the right of
____.
3. To use the Nine and Zero shortcut to multiply 9 X 4, subtract 4, from ____ to get
the answer.
4. Use a calculator to multiply 12 X 1,286.
5. Use a calculator to multiply 16 X 2,825.
6. Use a calculator to multiply 40 X 1,250.
7. Karen earns 2,400 per month. Use a calculator to figure out how much she earns
in 12 months.
 8. William has a monthly mortgage payment of $1,200. Use a calculator to figure
out how much money will he pay in 12 months?
9. Use a calculator to multiply 18 X 1,444.
10. Use a calculator to multiply 15 X 1,876.

What I have learned?

1. Write in your words the topic that you like in this module? And Why?
2. Why do you think computers does not succeed in earlier times.

What I can achieve?

WW
A. Evaluate

a. 10 ÷ 2 + 12 ÷ 2 × 3 =
b. 7 × 2 + (7 + 3 × (5 − 2)) − 4 × 2 =
c. 3 + 4 × 5 =
d. 4 × 32 =
e. [4 − 1 + (5 + 3)] =
f. 15 − 12 × 2/(12/3) + 2 2=
g. (2 + 6)/4 × 3

h. Mr. Jones has a total of 25 chickens and cows on his farm. How many of
each does he have if all together there are 76 feet?

i. Old McDonald has 250 chickens and goats in the barnyard. Altogether there
are 760 feet . How many of each animal does he have? Make sure you use Polya’s 4
problem solving steps. 

j. Karen is thinking of a number. If you double it, and subtract 7, you obtain 11.
What is Karen’s number?

References

https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/a/abacus.htm
https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/a/abacus.htm#history
https://www.math-only-math.com/examples-on-fundamental-operations.html
https://www.mycollegeoptions.org/Core/SiteContent/Students/Tools/TestPrep/SAT/Math/Order-
of-Operations.aspx
https://www.google.com/search?biw=1280&bih=578&ei=ePaDX-
GxLpP4hwOMiJeYAg&q=technology+meaning&oq=TE&gs_lcp=CgZwc3ktYW
https://www.google.com.ph/search?
q=BINARY+SYSTEM&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjDhvOz867sAhUB_5QKHfKmB
https://www.google.com.ph/search?
q=pemdas+worksheet+FOR+HIGHSCHOOL+IN+WORD+FORMAT&tbm
https://www.quia.com/files/quia/users/mcoryell/pages/Byte-Math-Worksheet
 https://carlhalstead.wordpress.com/2017/08/21/binary-numbers-1-section-3-binary-quiz-
plymouth-university/

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