In Partial Fulfilment

of the requirements of

the subject

Probability and Statistics

Submitted by:

Claudine B. Blando

Submitted to:

Dr. Dalia M. Reconalla

September 30, 2017

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 4

Introduction 4

Background of the Study

Objectives of the Study 4

Scope and Delimitations of the Study 4

CHAPTER 2 6

Methodology 7

Research Design 7

Respondents of the Study 7

Research Instrument 7

Data Gathering Procedures 7

CHAPTER 3 9

Results and Discussion 9

Table 1. 9

Central Tendencies 13

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CHAPTER 4 15

Findings 15

CHAPTER 5 16

Miscellaneous 16

Exercise 2. 16

a. Quartile 16

b. Average Deviation 18

Table 2. 19

c. Variances 20

Table 3. 20

d. Standard Deviation 21

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 Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Height is the measurement from base to top or from head to foot. It also

measures the distance between the lowest and highest points of a person

standing upright. Tallness, height, altitude and elevation refer to the distance

above the level. Also, height is the measure of vertical distance either how “tall”

someone or something is or how “high” the position is.

Objective of the Study

This study aims to:

1. Distinguish the average height of the 30-selected junior and senior

students of Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering of

University of Southeastern Philippines.

2. To show and determine the frequency distribution, average deviation

and the variance of the gathered data.

Scope and Delimitations of the Study

This study aims to know the average height of the junior and senior

students of Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering of University of

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Southeastern Philippines. This study is limited to the enrolled and registered

3rd year and 4th year students this academic year 2017-2018 of the 1st

semester of the of University of Southeastern Philippines. The respondents are

subjected to a simple random sample based on their respective sections.

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 Chapter 2

METHODOLOGY

This chapter shall discuss the methods of research available for the

study and what is applicable for it to use in achieving the objective in Chapter

1 which is directed towards the average height of the junior and senior

students of Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering of University of

Southeastern Philippines.

Likewise, this chapter presents the various procedures in identifying

sources for the needed information on the analysis and evaluation of the study.

Thus, this study specifies the Research Design, Respondents of the

Study, Research Instrument and Data Gathering Procedures that will be

employed to this study.

Research Design

This study uses a descriptive-quantitative design, as the researcher are

computing for numerical values that describe and distinguish the average

height of the 3rd year and 4th year students of Bachelor of Science in

Mechanical Engineering of University of Southeastern Philippines.

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Respondents of the Study

The respondents of this study are the randomly selected 3rd year and 4th

year students of BS Mechanical Engineering this academic year 2017-2018 of

the 1st semester of the of University of Southeastern Philippines.

Research Instrument

The researcher will be interviewing the selected 3rd year and 4th year

students with the question “What is your height in centimeters?” All their

response will be used to calculate the average height.

Data Gathering Procedures

The total population for the 3 rd year students is 69 and for the 4 th year

students is 68, in which has a total number of 137. In this population, the

researcher is going to get only 30 respondents which will be chosen by

convenience sampling; a sampling method where the researcher has a freedom

to choose who will be its respondents within the junior and senior BSME

students.

Below is how the researcher is going to choose from the 69 junior

students and 68 senior students:

For 3rd year students,

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 Solve for the percentage,

69
=
30

= 2.3 or 0.23 then,

multiply it,

= 69 × 0.23

= 15.87 ≈ 15 students from 3rd year students

For 4th year students,

Solve for the percentage,

68
=
30

= 2.27 or 0.227 then,

multiply it,

= 68 × 0.227

= 15.43 ≈ 15 students from 4th year students

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 Chapter 3

Results and Discussion

This chapter summarizes the result of this study and what the imply.

The result is interpreted in a simple manner for it to be understandable.

Table 1.

The table below shows the frequency distribution table of the student’s height

in centimeters.

Class Frequency Class Cumulative Cumulative Relative Class Frequency ×

Interval (f) Mark Frequency ≤ Frequency ≥ Frequency Boundaries Class Mark

(cm) (cf ≤) (cf ≥) (f×cm)

160-162 2 161 2 30 6.67% 159.5-162.5 322

163-165 9 164 11 28 3% 162.5-165.5 1476
166-168 8 167 19 19 26.67% 165.5-168.5 1336
169-171 3 170 22 11 10% 168.5-171.5 510
172-174 3 173 25 8 10% 171.5-174.5 519
175-177 3 176 28 5 10% 174.5-177.5 528
178-180 2 179 30 2 6.67% 177.5-180.5 358

The following solution shown below is how the no. of class interval, range,

interval size and class mark was determined:

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No. of class interval:

N = 1 + 3.3 log N

= 1 + 3.3 log (30)

= 5.87 ≈ 6

Range:

R = Higher Value – Lower Value

= 178 – 160

= 18

Interval size, i:

R
i=
n

18
=
6

=3

Class Mark:

1st class interval

160+162
=
2

322
=
2

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 = 161

2nd class interval

163+165
=
2

328
=
2

= 164

3rd class interval

166+168
=
2

334
=
2

= 167

4th class interval

169+ 171
=
2

340
=
2

= 170

5th class interval

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 172+174
=
2

346
=
2

= 173

6th class interval

175+177
=
2

352
=
2

= 176

7th class interval

178+180
=
2

358
=
2

= 179

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Measures of Central Tendencies

Mean (x́)

x́ =
∑ f (cm)
n

5049
x́ =
30

x́ = 168.3 ≈ 168

Median (mdn)

n
( −Cfp)
mdn = XLB + 4 i
f mdn

n 30
≥ = = ≥ 15, in ≤ cumulative frequency column
2 2

Mdn class= 166-168

30
(
−11)
= 165.5 + 2 (3)
8

mdn = 166.5

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Mode (Mo)

In terms of median and mean

Mo = 3mdn - 2x́

= 3(166.5) – 2(168.3)

Mo = 162.9

or

In terms of values in the interval:

d1
Mo = XLB + i
d 1−d 2

XLB = 165.5

d1 = 19 – 11 = 8

d2 = 19 – 22 = -3

i=3

8
= 165.5 + (3)
8−3

= 170.3

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 CHAPTER 4

FINDINGS

In this data analysis, the main reason is to distinguish the average height

of the selected junior and senior BSME students. Based on the Frequency

Table; Table 1 the height ranging 163 cm to 165 cm is the average height while

the height ranging from 178 cm and 180 is the least height from the 30

respondents that came from the selected 3rd year and 4th year students.

On the other hand, the data results of the Measures of Central Tendencies

help the researcher to classify the measure of position of the given data such

as the mean of the data gathered is 168.3, median is 166.5 and the mode; in

terms of median and mean is 162.9 and in terms of values in the interval is

170.3.

The results may have small differences but it helps the researcher to

determine the average height of the 3 rd year and 4th year selected students of

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering.

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 CHAPTER 5

MISCELLANEOUS

EXERCISE 2.

a.) Quartile

1st Quartile

n
( −Cfp)
Q1 = XLB + 4 i
f Q1

n = 30

30
= 7.5, ≥ 5 in ≤ cumulative frequency column.
4

Therefore, 163 – 16 is the Q1 class interval

XLB = 162.5

Cfp = 2

fQ1 = 9

i =3

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 30
−2) (
Q1 = 162.5 + 4
(3)
9

Q1 = 164.33

3rd Quartile

3n
( −Cfp)
Q3 = XLB + 4 i
f Q3

n = 30

3n
≥ = 22.5 in the ≤ cumulative frequency column.
4

Therefore, 172 – 174 is the Q3 class interval.

XLB = 171.5

Cfp = 22

fQ3 = 3

i =3

3 ( 30 )
( −22)
Q3 = 171.5 + 4
(3)
3

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 Q3 = 172

Quartile Deviation

Q3−Q1
QD =
n

172−164.93
=
30

QD = 3.54

b.) Average Deviation

Table 2.

The table shows some data that are not included in Table 1 which is the

difference between the class mark and the mean and the product of frequency and

difference of class mark and mean.

x xm F fxm |xm - x́| f|xm -x́|

(class interval) (class mark) (frequency)

160-162 161 2 322 7.3 14.6

163-165 164 9 1476 4.3 38.7
166-168 167 8 1336 1.3 10.4
169-171 170 3 510 1.7 5.1
172-174 173 3 519 4.7 14.1
175-177 176 3 528 7.7 23.1

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 178-180 179 2 358 10.3 20.6
i=3 ∑f = 30 ∑fxm = 5049 ∑|xm - x́| = 37.3 ∑f|xm - x́| = 126.6

=n

Given: mean (x́) = 168.3

AD =
∑ f |xm− x́|
n

126.6
=
30

AD = 4.22

c.) Variances, s2

X xm f fxm |xm - x́ | f|xm - x́ | (xm - x́ )2 f(xm - x́ )2

(class interval) (class mark) (frequency)

160-162 161 2 322 7.3 14.6 53.29 106.58

163-165 164 9 1476 4.3 38.7 18.49 166.41
166-168 167 8 1336 1.3 10.4 1.69 13.52
169-171 170 3 510 1.7 5.1 2.89 8.67
172-174 173 3 519 4.7 14.1 22.09 66.27
175-177 176 3 528 7.7 23.1 59.29 177.87
178-180 179 2 358 10.3 20.6 106.09 212.18
i=3 ∑xm =1190 ∑f = 30 ∑fxm = ∑|xm - x́ | = ∑f|xm - x́ | = ∑(xm - x́ )2 = ∑f(xm - x́ )2 =

=n 5049 37.3 126.6 263.83 751.5

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Table 3.

The table below has the squared amount of the difference of class mark and

mean and the product of frequency and difference of class mark and mean.

n ∑ f (xm)2−∑ ( fxm )2
s 2 =
( ¿
n ( n−1 )

= 30 ( 850515 )−( 5049 )2

( )
30 ( 30−1 )

s2 = 26.49

d.) Standard Deviation, S

S = √ s2

= √ 26.49

S = 5.15

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