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Elements and Structure: Cheatsheets / Introduction To HTML

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) uses elements and tags to structure and style content on web pages. Key elements include headings, paragraphs, lists, images, and div containers. Elements can have attributes that configure them, like id for identification or src for image URLs. HTML documents are organized in a tree structure with parent and child relationships between elements.

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86 views

Elements and Structure: Cheatsheets / Introduction To HTML

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) uses elements and tags to structure and style content on web pages. Key elements include headings, paragraphs, lists, images, and div containers. Elements can have attributes that configure them, like id for identification or src for image URLs. HTML documents are organized in a tree structure with parent and child relationships between elements.

Uploaded by

Ella Anaida
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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5/19/2020 Introduction to HTML: Elements and Structure Cheatsheet | Codecademy

Cheatsheets / Introduction to HTML

Elements and Structure


HTML
HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is used to give
content to a web page and instructs web browsers
on how to structure that content.

Element Content
The content of an HTML element is the information
between the opening and closing tags of an element. <h1>Codecademy is awesome! 🙂</h1>

<li> List Item Element


The <li> list item element create list items inside:
<ol>
●
Ordered lists <ol> <li>Head east on Prince St</li>
<li>Turn left on Elizabeth</li>
●
Unordered lists <ul>
</ol>

<ul>
<li>Cookies</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ul>

<video> Video Element


The <video> element embeds a media player for
video playback. The src attribute will contain the
<video src="test-video.mp4" controls>
Video not supported
URL to the video. Adding the controls attribute
</video>
will display video controls in the media player.
Note: The content inside the opening and closing tag
is shown as a fallback in browsers that don’t support
the element.

<em> Emphasis Element


The <em> emphasis element emphasizes text and
browsers will usually italicize the emphasized text by <p>This <em>word</em> will be
default. emphasized in italics.</p>

<ol> Ordered List Element


The <ol> ordered list element creates a list of
items in sequential order. Each list item appears <ol>
numbered by default. <li>Preheat oven to 325 F </li>
<li>Drop cookie dough 🍪</li>
<li>Bake for 15 min ⏰</li>
</ol>

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5/19/2020 Introduction to HTML: Elements and Structure Cheatsheet | Codecademy

<div> Div Element


The <div> element is used as a container that
divides an HTML document into sections and is short <div>
for “division”. <div> elements can contain flow <h1>A section of grouped
content such as headings, paragraphs, links, images, elements</h1>
etc. <p>Here’s some text for the
section</p>
</div>
<div>
<h1>Second section of grouped
elements</h1>
<p>Here’s some text</p>
</div>

HTML Structure
HTML is organized into a family tree structure. HTML
elements can have parents, grandparents, siblings, <body>
children, grandchildren, etc. <div>
<h1>It's div's child and body's
grandchild</h1>
<h2>It's h1's sibling</h2>
</div>
</body>

Closing Tag
An HTML closing tag is used to denote the end of an
HTML element. The syntax for a closing tag is a left <body>
angle bracket < followed by a forward slash / ...
then the element name and a right angle bracket to </body>
close > .

Attribute Name and Values


HTML attributes consist of a name and a value using
the following syntax: name="value" and can be <elementName name="value">
added to the opening tag of an HTML element to </elementName>
configure or change the behavior of the element.

<br> Line Break Element


The <br> line break element will create a line
break in text and is especially useful where a division A line break haiku.<br>
of text is required, like in a postal address. The line Poems are a great use case.<br>
break element requires only an opening tag and must Oh joy! A line break.
not have a closing tag.

<img> Image Element


HTML image <img> elements embed images in
documents. The src attribute contains the image
<img src="image.png">

URL and is mandatory. <img> is an empty


element meaning it should not have a closing tag.

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5/19/2020 Introduction to HTML: Elements and Structure Cheatsheet | Codecademy

<h1>-<h6> Heading Elements


HTML can use six different levels of heading
elements. The heading elements are ordered from <h1>Breaking News</h1>
the highest level <h1> to the lowest level <h6> . <h2>This is the 1st subheading</h2>
<h3>This is the 2nd subheading</h3>
...
<h6>This is the 5th subheading</h6>

<p> Paragraph Element


The <p> paragraph element contains and displays
a block of text. <p>This is a block of text! Lorem ipsum
dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing
elit.</p>

Unique ID Attributes
In HTML, specific and unique id attributes can be
assigned to different elements in order to <h1 id="A1">Hello World</h1>
differentiate between them.
When needed, the id value can be called upon by
CSS and JavaScript to manipulate, format, and
perform specific instructions on that element and
that element only. Valid id attributes should begin
with a letter and should only contain letters ( a-Z ),
digits ( 0-9 ), hyphens ( - ), underscores ( _ ), and
periods ( . ).

HTML Attributes
HTML attributes are values added to the opening tag
of an element to configure the element or change the <p id="my-paragraph" style="color:
element’s default behavior. In the provided example, green;">Here’s some text for a
we are giving the <p> (paragraph) element a paragraph that is being altered by HTML
unique identifier using the id attribute and attributes</p>
changing the color of the default text using the
style attribute.

<ul> Unordered List Element


The <ul> unordered list element is used to create
a list of items in no particular order. Each individual <ul>
list item will have a bullet point by default. <li>Play more music 🎸</li>
<li>Read more books 📚</li>
</ul>

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5/19/2020 Introduction to HTML: Elements and Structure Cheatsheet | Codecademy

alt Attribute
An <img> element can have alternative text via
the alt attribute. The alternative text will be
<img src="path/to/image" alt="text
displayed if an image fails to render due to an
describing image" />
incorrect URL, if the image format is not supported
by the browser, if the image is blocked from being
displayed, or if the image has not been received from
the URL.
The text will be read aloud if screen reading software
is used and helps support visually impaired users by
providing a text descriptor for the image content on a
webpage.

<body> Body Element


The <body> element represents the content of an
HTML document. Content inside <body> tags are
<body>
rendered on the web browsers.
<h1>Learn to code with Codecademy :)
Note: There can be only one <body> element in a
</h1>
document. </body>

<span> Span Element


The <span> element is an inline container for text
and can be used to group text for styling purposes. <p><span>This text</span> may be styled
However, as <span> is a generic container to differently than the surrounding text.
separate pieces of text from a larger body of text, its </p>
use should be avoided if a more semantic element is
available.

<strong> Strong Element


The <strong> element highlights important,
serious, or urgent text and browsers will normally <p>This is <strong>important</strong>
render this highlighted text in bold by default. text!</p>

HTML Element
An HTML element is a piece of content in an HTML
document and uses the following syntax: opening <p>Hello World!</p>
tag + content + closing tag. In the code provided:

●
<p> is the opening tag.
●
Hello World! is the content.
●
</p> is the closing tag.

HTML Tag
The syntax for a single HTML tag is an opening angle
bracket < followed by the element name and a <div>
closing angle bracket > . Here is an example of an
opening <div> tag.

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5/19/2020 Introduction to HTML: Elements and Structure Cheatsheet | Codecademy

<a> Anchor Element


The <a> anchor element is used to create
hyperlinks in an HTML document. The hyperlinks can <!-- Linking a text -->
point to other webpages, files on the same server, a <a href="codecademy.com">Visit this
location on the same page, or any other URL via the site</a>
hyperlink reference attribute, href . The href
determines the location the anchor element points to. <!-- Linking an image -->
<a href="codecademy.com">
<img src="logo.jpg">Click this
image</a>

<head> Head Element


The <head> element contains general information
about an HTML page that isn’t displayed on the page <!DOCTYPE html>
itself. This information is called metadata and <html>
includes things like the title of the HTML document <head>
and links to stylesheets. <!-- Metadata is contained in this
element-->
</head>
</html>

<target> Target Attribute


The target attribute on an <a> anchor
element specifies where a hyperlink should be <a href="https://www.google.com"
opened. A target value of "_blank" will tell target="_blank">This anchor element
the browser to open the hyperlink in a new tab in links to google and will open in a new
modern browsers, or in a new window in older tab or window.</a>
browsers or if the browser has had settings changed
to open hyperlinks in a new window.

Indentation
HTML code should be formatted such that the
indentation level of text increases once for each level <div>
of nesting. <h1>Heading</h1>
It is a common convention to use two or four
space per level of nesting. <ul>
<li>Item 1</li>
<li>Item 2</li>
</ul>
</div>

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5/19/2020 Introduction to HTML: Elements and Structure Cheatsheet | Codecademy

Link to a Different Part of the Page #


The anchor element <a> can create hyperlinks to
different parts of the same HTML document using <div>
the href attribute to point to the desired location <p id="id-of-element-to-link-to">A
with # followed by the id of the element to link
different part of the page!</p>
to. </div>

<a href="#id-of-element-to-link-
to">Take me to a different part of the
page</a>

<html> HTML Element


The <html> element, the root of an HTML
document, should be added after the !DOCTYPE
<!DOCTYPE html>
declaration. All content/structure for an HTML <html>
document should be contained between the opening <!-- I'm a comment -->
and closing <html> tags. </html>

Comments
In HTML, comments can be added between an
opening <!-- and closing --> . Content inside <!-- Main site content -->
of comments will not be rendered by browsers, and <div>Content</div>
are usually used to describe a part of code or provide
other details. <!--
Comments can span single or multiple lines. Comments can be
multiple lines long.
-->

Whitespace
Whitespace, such as line breaks, added to an HTML
document between block-level elements will <p>Test paragraph</p>
generally be ignored by the browser and are not
added to increase spacing on the rendered HTML <!-- The whitespace created by this
page. Rather, whitespace is added for organization line, and above/below this line is
and easier reading of the HTML document itself.
ignored by the browser-->

<p>Another test paragraph, this will


sit right under the first paragraph, no
extra space between.</p>

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5/19/2020 Introduction to HTML: Elements and Structure Cheatsheet | Codecademy

<title> Title Element


The <title> element contains a text that defines
the title of an HTML document. The title is displayed <!DOCTYPE html>
in the browser’s title bar or tab in which the HTML <html>
page is displayed. The <title> element can only <head>
be contained inside a document’s <head> <title>Title of the HTML
element. page</title>
</head>
</html>

File Path
URL paths in HTML can be absolute paths, like a full
URL, for example: <a
https://developer.mozilla.org/en- href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-
US/docs/Learn or a relative file path that links US/docs/Web">The URL for this anchor
to a local file in the same folder or on the same element is an absolute file path.</a>
server, for example: ./style.css . Relative file
paths begin with ./ followed by a path to the local <a href="./about.html">The URL for this
file. ./ tells the browser to look for the file path
anchor element is a relative file path.
from the current folder. </a>

Document Type Declaration


The document type declaration <!DOCTYPE
html> is required as the first line of an HTML <!DOCTYPE html>
document. The doctype declaration is an instruction
to the browser about what type of document to
expect and which version of HTML is being used, in
this case it’s HTML5.

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