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Reading 11 Globalization and Nation Building in The Philippines

The document discusses the challenges facing the Philippines in terms of nation-building and globalization. It describes the Philippine state as premature and weak, having gained independence before a cohesive national identity formed and lacking autonomy from social classes. As a result, the country entered globalization unprepared, with a bureaucracy plagued by corruption and inefficient policies that exacerbated economic tensions between diverse groups. Reforms are needed in the bureaucracy, electoral system, political parties, and socioeconomically to strengthen the state and help it cope with globalization by better managing diversities and preparing the country for global competitiveness.

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46 views4 pages

Reading 11 Globalization and Nation Building in The Philippines

The document discusses the challenges facing the Philippines in terms of nation-building and globalization. It describes the Philippine state as premature and weak, having gained independence before a cohesive national identity formed and lacking autonomy from social classes. As a result, the country entered globalization unprepared, with a bureaucracy plagued by corruption and inefficient policies that exacerbated economic tensions between diverse groups. Reforms are needed in the bureaucracy, electoral system, political parties, and socioeconomically to strengthen the state and help it cope with globalization by better managing diversities and preparing the country for global competitiveness.

Uploaded by

Hilede
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Reading 11

Globalization and Nation Building in the Philippines

World Trade Organization


-A non governmental organization that regulates international trade.
- Phil. Joined in 1995
- determined to face the challenges of globalization
- prepare itself for global competitiveness and reap the benefits that globalization may
bring
- Philippines entered the global economic arena with its domestic political economy
unprepared.

The Nature of the Philippine State:

Premature
- because it was born before reaching the full term of statehood
- became a state not through the development of a cohesive national consciousness, but
through the actions of its former colonial master

Weak
- lack of relative autonomy from the parochial interests of dominant Filipino social
classes.

The Phil. Lacks the ff: characteristics of a mature and strong state:
1. The purpose of government have settled on a significant ideological consensus
2. Social groups have successfully assimilated
3. Territorial frontiers have become legitimized through legal requirements.
4. Leaders are selected through elections.
5. Military and policy organizations remain under effective civilian control
6. The mores of governance preclude personal enrichment through various
political activities.

A Premature State:
- because its claim to statehood is based on anti-colonial sentiment rather than “natural”
bonds formed through common historical experience.

Anti Colonial Sentiment


- result of overwhelming exasperation with the three centuries of oppression under the
Spanish colonial administration.

Legitimacy
- Phil state is considered legitimate by virtue of international recognition
- derives legitimacy from its colonial master, United States.
Before colonial period:
Filipino identity never existed.

A Weak State:
- its apparatus has constantly been under the control of a powerful family.
- results in the

Politics of Privilege
- a rent-seeking activity causing corruption and mismanagement of the Phil political
economy.
- “booty” or “crony” capitalism in which private interests are pursued using public
resources.

Diversities and Tensions in the Phil Society


- geographical setting has caused socioeconomic fragmentation
- waters serves as channels of transportation facilitating inter-island commerce and
migration rather than transmitter of national unity.

Ethnic Diversity:
- because of the great impact of American culture, it almost succeeded in replacing
Filipino native cultures.
- describe filipino culture as a “damage culture”

Lumad
- indigenous filipino communities
- marginalized
- victims of government development projects

Religious Diversity
-rise of Islam

3 major Muslim resistance group: (Philippine Mujahideen)

1. Moro National Liberation Font (MNLF)


- declared the bangsa moro republic.
- the sole and legitimate representative of the bangsa moro people.

3 factions: (MNLF)
 Anti-Nur Misuari MNLF faction
 Pro-Nur Misuari MNLF faction
 MNLF Integrees
2. Moro Islamic Liberation Font (MILF)
- vanguard of the Islamic movement in Mindanao.
-founded by Hashim Salamat
- has splinter groups engaged in kidnapping and extortion acts.

3. Abu Sayyaf
- have links with the AlQaida network of Osama Bin Laden
- aims to establisg an Iranian style Islamic state in the southern Phils.

Socioeconomic Diversity:

Pervasive Poverty
- main security problem in the Philippines

The Impact of Globalization on Nation-Building:


- has not produced the same benefits for all ethnic groups in the Phil. Society
- globalization is exacerbating poverty
- challenges a premature and weak state to manage its socioeconomic diversities.

Globalization and the Phil State:


-Phil state is unable to implement policies preparing the country for global
competitiveness.
- the state finds it hard to cope with globalization because of its weak institutions of
governance.
-failed to creates socioeconomic conditions that will attract more capital.

Reform of the Bureaucracy:


- the Phil. Bureaucracy suffered from limited technical skills and low moral personnel
-marred by corruption favoring the families and friends of the bureaucrats
-Inefficient and corrupt bureaucracy intensifies economic tensions.
-implementation of a merit-based recruitment and clearcut career incentive scheme

Electoral Reform
- elections are characterized by irregularities.
- expressions of competing personal interests

Measures needed to reform Phil. Elections:


1. Allowing absentee voting
2. Computerizing election procedure and counting of votes
3. Penalties for elections offenses
4. Regulating campaign finance
5. Making electoral fraud a serious crime
Political Party Reform:
Liberal Ideology
-one ideology guiding all electoral parties in the Phils.
-without a strong party system with a clear program of gov’t, the phil will continue to be
plagued by persistent national crises.

Suggested measures:
1. Increase party discipline
2. Build reliable mass political base
3. Monitor the continuity of a party so that a party’s life span in not dependent on the life
span of its leaders
4. Penalize political parties that cannot sustain their org. Set up

Socioeconomic Reform:
Medium-term development plans:
-to bridge the gap between rich and poor.
-institutional reform

Conclusion:
There is a need to strengthen the Phil state and its institutions of governance through
bureaucratic, electoral, party and socioeconomic reforms.

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