Department of Mechanical Engineering

B. V. Raju Institute of Technology

HEAT TRANSFER (Assignment – 02)

1. (a) Explain the development of hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layers on a vertical plate in Natural
convection. Also define Rayleigh number and explain its significance in natural convection
(b) A vertical plate of 0.35 m high is maintained at a temperature of 700C is exposed to atmospheric air at 250C.
Calculate the boundary layer thickness at the trailing edge of the plate. Also find the thickness of boundary
layer if this plate were placed in an air stream flowing at a velocity of 5 m/s over the plate.
2. (a) A vertical plate is maintained at a temperature of 960C is exposed to atmospheric air at 200C. Estimate the
heat transfer coefficient at a distance of 20 cm from the lower edge and average value over the 20 cm length. .
(b) An air conditioned duct carries air at an average temperature of 100C. The duct size is 300 mm  200 mm
and is exposed to the surrounding air at 300C .Find the heat gain by the air in the duct per m length. Assume 200
mm side is vertical.
3. (a) A 10 cm diameter 6 m long steel pipe at a uniform temperature of 1200C is kept vertically in still air at
200C. Calculate the heat lost from it. Also calculate the heat lost if the pipe is 0.4 m long.
(b) Engine oil at 600C flows with a mean velocity of 0.15 m/s through a circular tube of 2.5 cm dia. Calculate (i)
Flow Reynolds number, (ii) Hydrodynamic entrance length, (iii) friction factor and (iv) pressure drop over a
100 m length of tube.
4. (a) Liquid sodium at 1800 C flows through a 2.5 cm diameter tube at 3 kg/s. The surface of which is
maintained at 2500 C. Calculate the length of the tube required to heat the sodium up to 2100C.
(b) Ethylene glycol at 400 C flows over a flat plate with a velocity of 8 m/s .The plate is 3m long and maintained
at 1000 C. Calculate the local heat transfer at the end of the plate and average heat transfer coefficient over the
entire length. Also find the rate of heat transfer from the plate per unit width.
5. Saturated steam at 920C condenses on a 1 m long 20 cm width vertical surface maintained at 800C. Assuming
film condensation find
i. local heat transfer coefficient at the end of the plate
ii. condensate thickness at the bottom of the plate
iii. average heat transfer coefficient
iv. rate of condensate flow at the end of the plate
6. Saturated steam at 1100C condenses on the outside of bank of 64 horizontal tubes of 25 mm outer diameter,
1m long arranged in 8 x 8 square array. Calculate rate of condensation if the tube surface is maintained at
1000C. Had the condenser been vertical, what would be the rate of condensation?
7. (a) In a laboratory experiment, a current of 200 A burns out a 30 cm long 1mm diameter nichrome wire
which is submerged horizontally in water at atmospheric pressure. Estimate voltage at burnout.
(b) Saturated water at 1 atmosphere is boiled in a cylindrical copper vessel having bottom diameter 20 cm
maintained at 1100C. Calculate the surface heat flux, peak heat flux and rate of evaporation.
8. (a) Discuss in detail the various regimes in boiling and explain the condition for the growth of
bubbles. What is the effect of bubble size on boiling?
(b) A horizontal platinum wire of 1.27 mm diameter is used as heating element for water at saturation
temperature and atmospheric pressure. Estimate the mean heat transfer coefficient if the boiling takes in the
stable film boiling regime with an excess temperature of 6500C. Assume emissivity of platinum is unity.
9. (a) Two opposed, parallel infinite plates are maintained at 4000C and 4600C respectively. Calculate the net
radiant heat flux between these plates if one has an emissivity of 0.6 and the other an emissivity of 0.4.
(b) State and prove Kirchoof’s law. What are the limitations to use it? Also define absorptivity, reflectivity and
transmissivity of radiant energy.
10. (a) A one shell two tube pass steam condenser is having 300 tubes of inner diameter 22mm. Cooling water
enters at 200 C at the rate of 400 kg/s. The total heat rejected from steam condensing at 50 0C is 250 MW. The
overall heat transfer coefficient is 7000 W/m2K. Find (i) the mass of steam condensed per hour if h f g at 500C
is 2380 kJ/kg (ii) the length of the tube per pass (iii) effectiveness of heat exchanger and (iv) NTU.
(b) A counter flow heat exchanger is used to cool 0.5 kg/s of oil having Cp = 2 kJ/kg K from 600C to 400C using
water entering at 200C with a flow rate of 0.3 kg/s. Assuming U  200W / m 2 K . Calculate the surface area
required and effectiveness of the heat exchanger.
11. (a) A cross flow heat exchanger where both fluids are unmixed has a heat transfer area of 12m2 and is using
to heat air entering at 100C at the rate of 3kg/s by using hot water entering at 800C at the rate of 0.4 kg/s. If the
overall heat transfer coefficient is 300 W/m2K. Calculate the exit temperature of air and water.
(b) Determine the overall heat transfer coefficient for oil flowing through a pipe having ID 2.5 cm and OD 3.3
cm having k  100 W / mK with inside heat transfer coefficient 1200 W/m2Kand inside heat transfer coefficient
of 500 W/m2K.The inside and outside fouling factors are 0.18  10-4 m2 0C/W. Find the % of reduction in
overall heat transfer coefficient due to fouling.
12. (a) A multi pass heat exchanger two passes on shell side and four passes on the tube side is designed for
cooling the oil. The oil is passed through the tubes and cooled from 1340C to 530C. The cooling water passing
through the shell enter at 140C and leaves at 320C. Find the heat transfer rate for the following data. hi(oil) =
268 W/m2K, ho(water) = 962 W/m2K, h (scale on water side) = 2832 W/m2K, no of tubes for pass = 118, length
and outer diameter of each tube are 2 m and 2.5 cm thickness of tube = 1.6 mm; Neglect the tube wall
resistance.
(b) In a parallel flow double pipe heat exchanger hot water enters at rate of 10 kg/min and at a temperature of
700C and leaves at 500C. The cold water enters at 250C with a flow rate of 25kg/min. Calculate the area of heat
exchanger required if heat transfer coefficients inside and outside the pipes are 60 W/m 2K. If the hot water flow
rate is doubled without changing inlet temperature what is the exit temperature