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Experiment No.1 Aim: Objective:: Not Gate: IC 7404 (HEX Inverter) 14 Pin Supply Voltage:5v

This document describes an experiment to study and verify the truth tables of logic gates like AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR and EXOR. The objectives are to get familiar with lab equipment, build simple digital circuits using integrated circuits and study their representation using truth tables. The experiment involves using a breadboard, power supply, LEDs, logic gate ICs and connecting wires to construct the circuits and verify the truth tables by observing the LED outputs. Pin diagrams and descriptions of different logic gates are provided along with the procedure, observation table and conclusions.

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Charanpreet Singh
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2K views10 pages

Experiment No.1 Aim: Objective:: Not Gate: IC 7404 (HEX Inverter) 14 Pin Supply Voltage:5v

This document describes an experiment to study and verify the truth tables of logic gates like AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR and EXOR. The objectives are to get familiar with lab equipment, build simple digital circuits using integrated circuits and study their representation using truth tables. The experiment involves using a breadboard, power supply, LEDs, logic gate ICs and connecting wires to construct the circuits and verify the truth tables by observing the LED outputs. Pin diagrams and descriptions of different logic gates are provided along with the procedure, observation table and conclusions.

Uploaded by

Charanpreet Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment No.

Aim: To study and verify the Truth Tables of AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR EXOR logic gates
for positive logic.

Objective:
• To get familiar with the usage of the available lab equipments.
• To get familiar with Prototyping board (breadboard)
• To describe and verify the operation for the AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR,
XOR gates.
• To study the representation of these functions by truth tables, logic diagrams
and Boolean algebra
• To Introduce a basic knowledge in integrated circuit devices operation
• To practice how to build a simple digital circuit using ICs and other digital
components .
• Learn how to Wire a circuit

Appararus/ Equipment Required:


• Prototyping board (breadboard)
• DC Power Supply 5V Batt
• Light Emitting Diode (LED)
• Digital ICs: 7404 :Hex Inverter
7408 :Quad 2 input AND
7432 :Quad 2 input OR
7400: Quad 2 input NAND
7402: Quad 2 inpu
7486: Quad 2 input EXOR
• Connecting Wires

Pin Diagram:

Not Gate: IC 7404(HEX Inverter)


14 Pin
Supply voltage :5V
AND Gate: IC 7408
14 Pin
Quad 2 input AND Gate
Supply voltage :5V

OR Gate: IC 7432
14 Pin
Quad 2 input OR Gate
Supply voltage :5V

NAND Gate: IC 7400


14 Pin
Quad 2 input NAND Gate
Supply voltage :5V

NOR Gate: IC 7402


14 Pin
Quad 2 input NOR Gate
Supply voltage :5V

EXOR Gate: IC 7486


14 Pin
Quad 2 input EXOR Gate
Supply voltage :5V
Theory: A Digital Logic Gate is an electronic device that makes logical decisions based on the
different combinations of digital signals present on its inputs.Logic gates are the building blocks
of digital circuits. Combinations of logic gates form circuits designed with specific tasks in
mind. They are fundamental to the design of computers. Digital logic using transistors is often
referred as Transistor-Transistor Logic or TTLgates. These gates are the AND, OR, NOT, NAND,
NOR, EXOR and EXNOR gates

AND Gate: A multi-input circuit in which the output is 1 only if all inputs are 1.The symbolic
representation of the AND gate is:

The AND gate is an electronic circuit that gives a high output (1) only if all its inputs are high. A
dot (.) is used to show the AND operation i.e. A.B .

OR gate : A multi-input circuit in which the output is 1 when any input is 1.


The symbolic representation of the OR gate is shown:

The OR gate is an electronic circuit that gives a high output (1) if one or more of its inputs are
high. A plus (+) is used to show the OR operation.
NOT gate : The output is 0 when the input is 1, and the output is 1 when the
input is 0. The symbolic representation of an inverter is :

The NOT gate is an electronic circuit that produces an inverted version of the input at its output. It
is also known as an inverter. If the input variable is A, the inverted output is known as NOT
A. This is also shown as A', or A with a bar over the top, as shown at the outputs.
NAND gate: AND followed by INVERT. It is also known as universal gate.The symbolic
representation of the NAND gate is :
This is a NOT-AND gate which is equal to an AND gate followed by a NOT gate. The outputs of
all NAND gates are high if any of the inputs are low. The symbol is an AND gate with a small
circle on the output. The small circle represents inversion.

NOR gate: OR followed by inverter. It is also known as universal gate.The symbolic


representation is:

This is a NOT-OR gate which is equal to an OR gate followed by a NOT gate. The outputs of all
NOR gates are low if any of the inputs are high. The symbol is an OR gate with a small circle on
the output. The small circle represents inversion.

EXOR gate : The output of the Exclusive –OR gate, is 0 when it’s two inputs are
the same and it’s output is 1 when its two inputs are different.It is also known as Anti-coincidence
gate.

The 'Exclusive-OR' gate is a circuit which will give a high output if either, but not both, of its two
inputs are high. An encircled plus sign ( ) is used to show the EOR operation.

Procedure:
1. Collect the components necessary to accomplish this experiment.
2. Plug the IC chip into the breadboard.
3. Connect the supply voltage and ground lines to the chips. PIN7 = Ground
and PIN14 = +5V.
4. According to the pin diagram of each IC mentioned above, wire only one
gate to verify its truth table.
5. Connect the inputs of the gate to the input switches of the LED.
6. Connect the output of the gate to the output LEDs.
7. Once all connections have been done, turn on the power switch of the
breadboard
8. . Operate the switches and fill in the truth table ( Write "1" if LED is ON and
"0" if LED is OFF Apply the various combination of inputs according to the truth table and
observe the condition of Output LEDs.
9. Repeat the above steps 1 to 5 for all the ICs.

Observation Table: LED ON(RED light): Logic 1


LED OFF(Green Light): Logic 0
Input variables: A ,B
Output variable: Y

S.No Input(A) Input(B) Output Output Output Output Output Output


LED LED (OR) ___ (AND) (OR) (NAND) ____ (NOR) ______ (XOR)

Y=A Y=AB Y=A+B Y = AB Y= A+B Y=A B


1
2
3
4

Calculation: NA

Results and Analysis:


NOT Gate: When logic 1 is applied to one of NOT gate of 7404 IC, then output becomes zero.
When input LED is ON (RED), the output LED become OFF (Green) vice versa.

OR Gate: The output of an OR gate is a 1 if one or the other or both of the inputs are 1, but a 0 if
both inputs are 0. When One or the other or Both of the input LEDS are ON (RED Light), then
output LED is ON(RED) otherwise Output LED is OFF(Green Light)
AND Gate: The output of an AND gate is only 1 if both its inputs are 1. For all other possible
inputs the output is 0.When both the LEDS are On, then output LED is ON (RED Light) otherwise
Output LED is OFF.

NOR Gate: The output of the NOR gate is a 1 if both inputs are 0 but a 0 if one or the other or
both the inputs are 1.
NAND Gate: The output of the NAND gate is a 0 if both inputs are 1 but a 1 if one or the other or
both the inputs are 0.

EXOR gate: The output of the XOR gate is a 1 if either but not both inputs are 1 and a 0 if the
inputs are both 0 or both 1.
Conclusion: Any Boolean expression can be realized using NOT, AND, OR, NAND,NOR,
EXOR gates.

References:
Books:
(1) M. Morris Mano - Digital Design - PHI (3rd Edition)
(2) R.P. Jain - Modern Digital Electronics – TMH
(3) Tocci - Digital Systems - (PHI)
URLS:
• http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/video.php?courseId=1005
• http://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/logic/logic_1.html
• http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT-
%20Guwahati/digital_circuit/frame/index.html
• http://www.scribd.com/doc/16066166/Logic-Gates-Experiment-1
• http://richardbowles.tripod.com/dig_elec/chapter1/chapter1.htm
• http://www.gyte.edu.tr/dosya/102/dersler/elm321/Lab1.pdf

Lab Tutorails:

1. The number of level in a digital signal is:


a) one
b) two
c) four
d) ten
2. A pure sine wave is:
a) a digital signal
b) analog signal
c) can be digital or analog signal
d) neither digital nor analog signal
3. The high voltage level of a digital signal in positive logic is:
a) 1
b) 0
c) either 1 or 0
3. A gate in which all input must be low to get a high output is called:
a) an inverter
b) A NOR gate
c) an AND gate
d) a NAND gate
4. A NAND circuit with positive logic will operate as:
a) NOR with negative logic
b) AND with negative logic
c) OR with negative logic input
d) AND with positive logic output
5. To implement all function of the basic logic function, is sufficient to have:
a) OR
b) NOT
c) AND NOT
d) none of these
6. Which of the following ICs has only one NAND gate:
a) 7410
b) 7420
c) 7430
d) 7447
7. OR operation is:
a) X + XY
b) XY
c) X+Y
d) (X+Y) (X+Y)
8. AND operation is:
a) X(X + Y)
b) XY
c) X+Y
d) (X+Y) (X+Y)
9. NOR operation is:
a) X + Y
b) XY
c) X+Y
d) (X+Y) (X+Y)
10. NAND operation is:
a) X + Y
b) XY
c) X+Y
d) (X+Y) (X+Y)
11. What is the no. of OR IC.:
a) 7402
b) 7486
c) 7432
d) 7404
12. What is the no. of AND IC.:
a) 7402
b) 7408
c) 7447
d) 7492
13. What is the no. of NOR IC.:
a) 7402
b) 7486
c) 7447
d) 7492
14. What is the no. of NAND IC.:
a) 7402
b) 7404
c) 7400
d) 7492
15. What is the no. of NOT IC.:
a) 7402
b) 7486
c) 7404
d) 7492
16. What is the no. of EX-OR IC.:
a) 7402
b) 7486
c) 7447
d) 7492
17. Which of the following ICs has three input NAND gate:
a) 7420
b) 7430
c) 7410
d) 7474
18. Which of the following is Boolean eq. of EX-OR gate:
a) A+B
b) A+B
c) AB
d) A B + A B
19. Which one is the universal gate:
a) AND gate
b) OR gate
c) NAND gate
d) EX-OR gate
20. Bubbles on the gate shows:
a) active high
b) active low
c) both a and b
d) none
21. Which statement is verify NAND gate:
a) if all input are high output is low
b) if all input are low output is low
c) any one n are low output is low
d) none of them
22. In regard to NAND gate the following four statement are made:
a) it is equivalent to an AND gate followed by an inverter
b) if all input to it are low, the output is low
c) if all input are high, the output is low
23. NAND operation on two elements is equivalent to OR operation on them. OF
thses, the only true statements are
a) 1,2
b) 1,3
c) 1,4
Short Answer type questions:

1) What are logis gates?


2) What is the difference between Positive Logis and negative Logic?
3) Draw EX-OR gate using NAND and NOR gate.
4) Why NOR gate and NAND gate called "Universal logic gate"?
5) Draw the symbol and truth table of following gates.
1. NOT 2. AND 3. OR 4. NAND 5. Ex-OR.
6) Implement following expressions by NOR gate only.
1. (A + B) . (B + C)
2. (A + C) . (B)

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