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Frequency Distribution

A frequency distribution organizes data by grouping it into categories and counting the number of observations in each category. It can be displayed as a table or graph. Common graphs are histograms, which show frequencies by category, and stem-and-leaf plots, which preserve the actual observations. Percentiles divide a distribution into 100 equal parts to allow comparison of individual scores to the overall distribution.

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Rhaine Esteban
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43 views

Frequency Distribution

A frequency distribution organizes data by grouping it into categories and counting the number of observations in each category. It can be displayed as a table or graph. Common graphs are histograms, which show frequencies by category, and stem-and-leaf plots, which preserve the actual observations. Percentiles divide a distribution into 100 equal parts to allow comparison of individual scores to the overall distribution.

Uploaded by

Rhaine Esteban
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FREQUENCY

DISTRIBUTION
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
- Is an organized tabulation of the number of
individuals located in each category on the
scale of measurement.
- One of the most common procedure for
organizing a set of data
- Can be structured either as a table or as a
graph.
2 elements:
1. The set of categories that make up the
original measurement scale.
2. The record of the frequency, or
number of individuals in each category
GRAPHING
FREQUENCY
DISTRIBUTION
STEM-AND-LEAF PLOT – the objective of
this method is to some extent overcomes
the loss of actual observations brought
about by histogram. The advantage is to see
the actual observations
STEM- is the leading digit or digits
LEAF- is the trailing digit
•Subjects in a psychological study were timed while completing a certain task.
Complete a stem-and-leaf plot for the following list of times:
76, 81, 92, 68, 59, 62, 61, 58, 73, 81, 88, 74, 77, 82

58, 59, 61, 62, 68, 73, 74, 76, 77, 81, 81, 82, 88, 92
A. HISTOGRAM – is a graph in which the classes are marked on
the horizontal axis and the class frequencies on the vertical
axis. Focuses on the frequency of each class and sacrifices
whatever information was contained in the actual
observations.
B. FREQUENCY POLYGON – is a graph that displays the data
using points which are connected by lines.
C. CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY POLYGON (OGIVE) - is a
graph that displays the cumulative frequencies for the
classes in a frequency distribution.
OTHER TYPES OF GRAPH
A. PARETO CHART – is a graph used to represent a frequency
distribution for a categorical data (or nominal-level) and
frequencies are displayed by the heights of vertical bars,
which are arranged in order from highest to lowest
B. BAR CHART (BAR GRAPH)- is similar to bar histogram. The
bases of the rectangles are arbitrary intervals whose centers
are the codes. The height of each rectangle represents the
frequency of the category. It is applicable for categorical data
C. PIE CHART (CIRCLE GRAPH) - is a circle divided into
portions that represent the relative frequencies or
percentages of the data belonging to different categories.
The data in pie chart should be categorical or nominal-
level
D. TIME SERIES GRAPH – represents data that occur over
specific period of time under observation. In addition, it
shows for a trend or pattern on the increase or decrease
over the period of time.
E. PICTOGRAPH (Pictogram) – immediately
suggests the nature of the data being shown.
It is combination of the attention-getting
quality and the accuracy of the bar chart.
Appropriate pictures arranged in a row
present the quantities for comparison.
F. SCATTER PLOT – is used to examine possible
relationship between two numerical variables.
The SHAPE OF FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
-SYMMETRICAL DISTRIBUTION
-SKEWED DISTRIBUTION
A. Positively skewed: a skewed distribution
with the tail on the right-hand side.
B. Negatively skewed: a skewed distribution
with the tail on the left-hand side.
PERCENTILES,
PERCENTILE RANKS,
AND INTERPOLATION
RANK OR PERCENTILE RANK
-defined as the percentage of individuals in
the distribution with scores equal to or less
than the particular value.
PERCENTILE
- A score that is identified by its rank.
INTERPOLATION
- Is a type of estimation, a method of
constructing new data points within
the range of a discrete set of known
data points

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