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CHEG 485 - Lecture 7

This document discusses the multistage distillation of a liquid feed containing two compounds with a relative volatility of 3. The feed composition is 0.35 and the desired bottom and top compositions are 0.05 and 0.98, respectively. Using a McCabe-Thiele diagram: 1) The minimum number of equilibrium stages required is 6. 2) The separation can be achieved with a reflux ratio of 2 using 12 stages and 11 theoretical trays. 3) The minimum reflux ratio required is 1.354 for an infinite number of stages.

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Muhammad Farooq
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46 views7 pages

CHEG 485 - Lecture 7

This document discusses the multistage distillation of a liquid feed containing two compounds with a relative volatility of 3. The feed composition is 0.35 and the desired bottom and top compositions are 0.05 and 0.98, respectively. Using a McCabe-Thiele diagram: 1) The minimum number of equilibrium stages required is 6. 2) The separation can be achieved with a reflux ratio of 2 using 12 stages and 11 theoretical trays. 3) The minimum reflux ratio required is 1.354 for an infinite number of stages.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Farooq
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Separation Processes (CHEG 485)

Dr. Mohammad Abu Zahra


(Associate Professor, Chemical Engineering)

Lecture 7: Multistage distillation

1
Example 2 – In Class Groups

• Separation of compound A (most volatile) and


compound B (least volatile) from a saturated liquid
feed:
• Relative volatility: α = 3
• Feed is boiling liquid: xF = 0.35
• Bottom product: xB = 0.05
• Top product: xD = 0.98
• Reflux ratio: R = 2
• What is the number of equilibrium stages and the
number of theoretical trays for this separation?
• What is the minimum number of equilibrium stages
(Nmin at R = ∞)?
• What is the minimum reflux ratio (Rmin at N = ∞)?
2
Example 2

• Construct McCabe-Thiele diagram:


12 x
• Equilibrium line: y 
12  1 x  1
𝑞 1
• Feed line: 𝑦 = − 𝑥+ 𝑥𝐹 with q = 1
1−𝑞 1−𝑞 (saturated liquid)

• Operating line 𝑅 1
rectifying section: 𝑦= 𝑥+ 𝑥𝐷
𝑅+1 𝑅+1

• Operating line stripping section: straight line


through (xB, xB) and the intersection between the feed
line and the operating line of the rectifying section
3
Example 2

• Construct McCabe-Thiele diagram:

4
Example 2

• Number of equilibrium stages (N) and theoretical trays:

N = 12
Trays = 11

5
Example 2

• Minimum number of equilibrium stages (Nmin):

Nmin = 6

6
Example 2

• Minimum reflux ratio (Rmin):

Intersection between equilibrium line


and feed line: (0.35; 0.618)

Operating line of the rectifying section


goes through (xD;xD) and (0.35; 0.618):

𝑅 1
𝑦= 𝑥+ 𝑥𝐷
𝑅+1 𝑅+1

Slope of this operating line


is: Rmin/(Rmin+1), so:

Rmin = 1.354

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