Universiti Kuala Lumpur

Malaysian Institute of Marine Engineering and Technology

Assignment 1

Shipyard Management And Project Planning

LGB 23303

Prepared by : Nurul Farhanah binti Melakan

Student ID : 56212118120
Submission Date : 15th October 2019
Lecturer's name : Mr. Aziz bin Abdullah
 TABLE OF CONTENT

TITLE PAGE

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1- 2

2.0 COMPANY PROFILE OF SHIPYARD X 3-6

2.1 PROBLEMS IN SHIPYARD X’S LAYOUT 5-6

3.0 IMPROVED SHIPYARD X’S LAYOUT 6–7

4.0 FACILITIES FOR SHIPYARD X 8 – 10

5.0 BERTHING AND DOCKING IN SHIPYARD X 11 – 12

6.0 THE WORKSHOP FACILITIES 13 - 16

7.0 THE WAREHOUSE 16

8.0 THE STORAGE AREA 16

9.0 WORKING CONDITION 17

10.0 MATERIAL FLOW FROM RECEIPT TO COMPLETE PRODUCT 18 – 21

(1000 TON SHIP)

11.0 CONCLUSION 22

12.0 RECOMMENDATION 23

13.0 REFERENCES 24
1.0 INTRODUCTION

Shipbuilding business starts with a shipyard construction with a large scale

investment initially. A shipyard, whose primary products are ships, is an Engineer to
Order (ETO) Company that designs and produces products when ship owners place
orders. Thus, planning and controlling processes in this project-oriented industry are
important, where various tasks ranging from order to design, purchase, procurement, and
production are concurrently performed. Planning and systematic management is
particularly important for production, which is the longest part of the project period. The
starting point of shipyard construction is to design a shipyard layout .For this purpose,
four kinds of engineering parts required; civil, building, and utility, also production layout
engineering. Hence, an efficient production and swift work flow in the shipping industry
rely on the management and layout of the shipyard.
The shipyard business is more divided in Europe than in Asia where nations will in
general have less, bigger organizations. Numerous maritime vessels are fabricated or kept
up in shipyards possessed or worked by the national government or naval force.
Shipyards are constructed near the sea or tidal rivers to allow easy access for their ships.
The United Kingdom, for example, has shipyards on many of its rivers. The site of a large
shipyard will contain many specialised cranes, dry docks, slipways, dust-free warehouses,
painting facilities and extremely large areas for fabrication of the ships. For example, The
European shipyard industry is a dynamic and competitive sector. It is important from both
an economic and social perspective.
Shipyard layout design phases can be divided as a preliminary design, basic design
and detail design. These division is similar with the ship process. The main target phase
of this paper is preliminary design, which determine a rough layout of the main shops and
work stages (outfitting shop, painting shop, pre-erection work stage etc.) considering the
ship construction cycle and capacity of dry-dock. In this case study, the shipyard layout
design may affect the efficiency and work flow of the production itself. The scope of this
phase is generally indicated with the shipbuilding process.

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 Hence, it is also linked to other sectors including security, transportation, research
purposes, materials and the environment. Next, in maintaining the competence among the
rivals in the industry, the shipyard must ensure the processes occurred in the shipyard
flow swiftly. In fact, there are various types of shipyard layout implemented in the
industry.
For instance, the U and L shape. These two shapes are the alternative and ideal to be
practiced for the shipyard globally.

Figure 1: The U Shape and L Shape

The main aim for this report is to identify main problems in the current shipyard that I
chose for this report, which is Besiktas Shipyard. Hence, introduce a better shipyard
layout that can enhance the efficiency and productivity in ship building process. This
report mainly highlights the root cause and a better implementation that can be practiced
at the shipyard.
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2.0 COMPANY PROFILE OF SHIPYARD X

Shipyard X or known as Besiktas Shipyard is one of the best established ship building
and ship repair yards of Turkey with proven experience in building most sophisticated
specialised vessels up to 26,000 dwt and repairing any type of vessl up to 382 meters.

Besiktas Shipbuilding offers a wide range ships of including Offshore Support Vessels ,
Chemical Tankers , Tugboats , Workboats and Pilot Boats. In fact, Besiktas Shipyard is
the most active ship repair yard of the Mediterranean region having more than 150
dockings per annum with 3 graving and floating docks up to 382 m.

Besiktas Shipyard has more than 150 dockings per annum with 3 graving and floating
docks up to 382 m. Besiktas Shipyard is well equipped with pier space, workshop for
different trades and extensive area for building new Barges, CPO, Tug boats and SPOBs.
Shipyard X has 2 slipways, 3 dry docks, lay berths and shore cranes, a scrap area, a main
office, blasting and tank coating facilities, mechanical workshop, steel prefabrication
workshops, storage facilities, hull shop, new building pre-assembly, pipe workshop and
other facilities
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Figure 1: Besiktas Shipyard

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2.1 PROBLEMS IN SHIPYARD X’S LAYOUT

1. LIMITED SPACE

The whole area is governed by the space required for the various stages of the ship
building process. Such spaces should be of a size capable of accommodating the
proposed flow of materials through them. The size of the various spaces should be
sufficient enough, where there is a level workload through the production process.
In practice, the workload is not level and it is normal to incorporate buffer areas
where materials may be stored before moving on to the next stage in the process.
The amount of space required for the various stages can be estimated by
considering the building programme of the yard. So, it is necessary to plan a new
production planning, possible re-allocation of some areas and changes in basic
construction techniques to enhance the flow of material through every shops.

2. THE AMOUNT OF MECHANISATION

Ship yards are the places where a big scale work happen. The machinery used is
massive, which often requiring immense skill and strength to be handled. A minor
discrepancy while working at such machinery can prove to be extremely fatal for
any shipyard worker. The actual amount of mechanisation and automated
machinery will rely on the capital expenditure available, availability of workforce
and the wage level of the area or country.

3. DESIGN OF SHIPYARD

The design layout of shipyard need to be relevant in ensuring the work flow of
building process able to run swiftly, without any delay and major circumstances. If
the section in the shipyard is not properly positioned or placed, it will cause delay
in shipbuilding processes. For instance, warehouse is located far away from
outfitting workshop, it can cost time in delivering materials from warehouse to the
workshop.

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 4. MATERIALS HANDLING

The speed, direction and efficiency of material flow will depend on the type of
transportation used in the shipyard. Ironically, the materials handling equipment
should be kept at a minimum level. It is necessary for the correct item is deposited
in the correct place at the correct time using least effort and cost to obtain an
efficient work flow process.

3.0 IMPROVED SHIPYARD X’S LAYOUT

16 15 14 Floating dock 382m x 56m

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2 11 4 5 17 6 7 8 9
11

1 12 13
34

18 32 33 Graving dock 235m x 40m

8

20 31 30 Floating dock 227m x 37m

19 21 29

22 28

3
26 27

25 23

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Figure 2: The Improved layout of Besiktas Shipyard

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 1. Head office workshop
2. Offices/guest rooms 22. Prefabrication/ cold forming
3. Offices/dining hall workshop
4. Warehouse 23. Prefabrication workshop
5. Outfitting workshop 24. CNC cutting/ prefabrication
6. Pipe workshop workshop
7. Paint hall 25. Steel and pipe storage area
8. Outfitting workshop 26. Block production area
9. Mechanical workshop 27. Slipway 160mx 36m/ workshops/
10. Grid storage/ compressor room sub. Offices
11. Subcontractor offices 28. Block production/shipbuilding flat
12. Owner rep. offices/GHSE office zone
13. Fast boat station 29. Block production/shipbuilding flat
14. Denture-eskihisar boat station zone
15. Warehouse 30. Slipway 175mx 28m
16. Chemical separation plant 31. Block production area
17. Pipe bending workshop 32. Steel and pipes storage
18. Main gate 33. Hatch cover repair area
19. Warehouse 34. Hatch cover repair area
20. Maintenance workshop 35. Parking area
21. CNC Cutting/ prefabrication

As we can see in figure 2 of the layout, this shipyard arrangement is designed with overall
safety measure and it also uses the modular design approach where all stations are arranged a
ccordingly. The processes start from the stockyard where all materials are stored and then
process in the machinery workshop until the block is assembled. The completed ship will
start directly to the sea at the slipway. The main offices of the administration are close to the
slipway so they can effectively monitor the shipbuilding process. This shipyard layout is
inspired by the Singapore-based Gulf Shipyard, where the modular construction approach
was implemented. This shipyard is not just capable in ship repair and maintenance but also
can build a ship.

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4.0 FACILITIES FOR SHIPYARD X

Besiktas shipyard is fully equipped with safety equipment for safety purposes. Fire
extinguisher is located 4-5 boxes in each workshop in each design of the building
shown above. Emergency alarm and camera will always be in the shipyard compound
everywhere.

1. Parking zone area

Parking area is a place where all workers' cars and transportation are parked. In order
to reduce congestion within the shipyard, the parking area cannot enter the shipyard
area.

2. Security Guard Post

The security guard post is located near the main gate to secure the safety of materials
and equipment in the shipyard, as well as to ensure staff safety and monitoring of
individual entering or leaving the shipyard premises.

3. Main Administration Office

The main administration office is located right after the main entrance to the business 
where management and management staff perform their duties. Main office location i
s a bit far from fabrication workshops and machine workshops to avoid noise hazard
from that location.

4. Cafeteria
Cafeteria is one of the facilities for the manpower to have a meal, making it easy for
them to eat rather than go outside, which will waste time and reduce shipbuilding
process efficiency. The cafeteria serves breakfast and dinner, with international TV
channels, billiard and table tennis.

5. Guestroom
The Shipyard has a modern guest room floor with 15 rooms available for comfortable
accommodation of clients. These rooms are offered free of charge during the repair of
vessels.
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6. Warehouse/Stockyard
Warehouse / stockyard is a place where materials received from external sources such
as plates, steels and other materials are stored before being transported or transferred
to the different workshop.

7. Machinery Workshop
Machinery workshop is where machinery such as CNC and Cam are used to produce
high-precision machine parts such as parts of the screw and nuts.

8. Fabrication Workshop
Fabrication workshop is where materials that used as the structure of ships are cut,
rolled, bent and pressed. This workshop is facilitated with gantry crane in order to lift
heavy materials. Furthermore, this workshop provided with welding bay, where all the
materials are being weld to join the necessary parts either by using machinery or
manpower.

9. Pipe & Fitting Workshop

It is a place where all work on board the pipe and fitting ship is in operation.
Machinery such as Lathe Machine and Drilling Tools is the facilities inside the
workshop.

10. Block Buffer Area

It is an area where, by avoiding instances of too little or too much material flow to pre
vent congestion or lack of resources along the production process, a smooth flow cont
rol or the necessary buffer is provided.

11. Engineering Workshop

Engineering workshop is the place where all parts of the engine and auxiliary
machinery are placed on board the ship and installed. This workshop has a crane
facility for lifting the machinery and installing it on board ship.

12. Unit Assembly

After completed all the processes, all the blocks are being assemble for inspection
before it can be proceeding to the next step.
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13. Painting Area
Painting area is where the materials are marked, painted, handled, sorted and
processed automatically. It is also an area where the completed bodies of ship are
painted.

14. Block Erection Assembly Area

It is an area of final block assembly. The aft, hull and fore of the ship will assemble
together. The block erection can be done by moving the block from the block buffer
area using gantry crane. Then, the welding processes took place to combine all the
block and produce a new complete ship body.

15. Repair & Maintenance Workshop

The workshop for repair and maintenance is the area where maintenance and repair w
ere performed. Engineering and planning & control support teams are available. Thes
e people are not actually building the ship, but the ship can not build without them.

16. Electric Workshop

Electrical workshop is the area where electrical and electronic equipment is installed.
The location of the electrical workshop must also be close to the outfitting bays. This
is because, before delivery of the sea trial, the internal installation of electrical parts
will be carried out after the ship at outfitting bays.

17. Outfitting Bay

Outfitting bay is the area dedicated to completing the ship's internal parts once
launched. The quay crane was equipped with the outfitting bay. It is one of the
loading and unloading machines used during the internal parts installation.

18. Slipway
Slipway is the facilities used to launch the ship following completion of the
shipbuilding process. Usually, the slip used end-way launching to launch the ship and
most of the shipyard using this concept if sufficient internal water area is available.
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5.0 BERTHING AND DOCKING IN SHIPYARD X

Besiktas Shipyard always strive to be the best shipyard in Turkey. Therefore, they have
the latest, technologize and automatize machinery and equipment used at the yard. The
Shipyard’s jetties are deep enough to accommodate every kind of repair vessels in
premises. A total of one floating crane, two jib cranes, three tower cranes, gantry crane on
graving dock, two jib cranes on floating dock with capacities ranging from 20t to 80t, are
available at berths and docks.

The total berth length is about 1.875 meters with an average draft of 11 m. The depth in
yard’s area ranges from 8 meters to 16 meters.

1. Slipway
A slipway, also known as boat ramp or launch, is a ramp on the shore by which
ships or boats can be moved to and from the water. They are used for building and
repairing ships and boats, and for launching and retrieving small boats on trailers
against the greased ramp would require too much force. Therefore, for dry-
docking large ships, one must use carriages supported by wheels or by roller-
pallets. These types of dry-docking installations are called "marine railways".
Nevertheless the words "slip" and "slipway" are also used for all dry-docking
installations that use a ramp.

Figure 3: The slipway at Shipyard X

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2. Graving Dock
Graving dock is a massive dock from which water can be pumped out using
special pump and it is used for building ships or for repairing a ship below its
waterline. It is a place where ships are placed to carry out underwater repairs that
can not be done in the water, on an inclined slpway and on a ship’s syncro lift
platform. When the graving dock in a dry condition, it is called dry dock but when
there is water in the graving dock, it is known as wet dock. The dock is normally
emptied by large drains at the caisson end connected to the pumps.

Figure 4: The graving dock at Besiktas Shipyard

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6.0 THE WORKSHOP FACILITIES

Besiktas Shipyard is well-equipped with various types of workshop in ensuring the

shipbuilding process can be conducted efficiently and swiftly. Below is part of available
workshops in the shipyard area;

1. Welding workshop

This is where all materials or cut parts are fabricated into sub-assemblies. Various
type of welding process are carried out here such as, MMAW, GMAW and GTAW.
The sub larger assemblies with compartments, piping system, and larger assemblies
are being formed into block assemblies or modules, which these process are carried
out either manually or automatically

2. Steel Prefabrication Workshop

This is a place where materials are rolled, cut, pressed, bent and so on. In the
shipyard, it is more to a closed fabrication areas of more than 10.000sqm. It is
equipped with three CNC plasma cutting machinery with up to 100 mm thickness.
The crane capacities and heights are designed to build the ship blocks in sections
inside the workshop.

The capacity of steel production is 30 tons per day, reaching an annual figure of
12.000 tons. The lifting capacity is max 80 tons/total of 12 cranes and the internal
height is 30 meters.
 Figure 5: The Steel prefabrication Workshop
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3. Mechanical Workshop

The workshop has a wide range of machinery to handle mechanical repairs of engines,
pumps, heaters, boilers, compressors and gears. Experienced technicians able to carry
out turbocharger overhauling, reconditioning, retubing, boring, lapping and machining
of parts in our facilities. The Shipyard also cooperates with licensed workshops for
special tasks such as crankshaft machining.

Figure 6: the condition inside the Mechanical Workshop

4. Pipe Workshop
The pipe workshop is a place where a fabrication of steel, stainless and copper pipes
for cargo etc. are being conducted. The pipe workshop has 1.500sqm closed area. The
huge capacity of workshop enable workers to conduct the fabrication of steel,
stainless and copper pipes for cargo, ballast, heating and hydraulic systems. The
workshop is capable of cold bending and high quality pipe fabrication with
experienced workers. Stainless steel and mild steel pipe works are manufactured in
two separated floors to ensure every space are well-used.
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Figure 7: Pipe Workshop

5. Painting Workshop
This is a place where all of painting works are being done. The painting workshop has
a huge working area which can fit a large capacity vessels and parts for painting work.
The painting workshop area includes the most modern equipment providing painting,
blasting, scraping facilities without being affected by dust, humidity and temperature.

Two closed blasting and painting facilities of 2,000sqm enable blasting and painting
processes to be carried out simultaneously regardless of the weather conditions. The
Shipyard has comprehensive facilities and experienced team of workers for all kind of
blasting works, painting, hydro-jetting up to 2.500 bars and internal tank blasting and
coating.

Figure 8: Painting workshop

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7.0 THE WAREHOUSE

A warehouse is a commercial goods storage building. Warehouse is used in shipyard
to store ship materials, spare parts and inventories related to ships. Usually they have
docks for loading and unloading goods from trucks.
Sometimes warehouses are designed directly from suppliers to load and unload goods.
For moving goods, they often have cranes and forklifts that are usually placed in the
racks. Warehouses of Shipyard X located close to the workshop area to smooth the
work process. It can reduce the movement of time and waste.
Besides, warehouse must place near with main gate to ease the transportation of
goods, which can results into the decreasing of material transportation time
consumption. This is where during the inbound materials it easier to load.

8.0 THE STORAGE AREA

Shipyard has a massive storage area which can store pipes, steels and other materials.
The 2.100sqm storage facility is managed by an online stock program which enables
the shipyard to provide efficient logistic services, for both ship building and ship
repairing activities, with monitoring of critical stock levels.

Figure 9: The storage area

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9.0 WORKING CONDITION

Shipbuilding and repair industry is not an easy jobs to handle. Every process
need a well-planned and organized work plan in ensuring the safety of workers and
the work flow can moves swiftly. As shipyard industry is one of the most risky
industry in the world, a lot of consequences and accidents can occur along the work
process. Therefore, various type of safety measures need to be considered by the
organization and workers, which need constant caution. In fact, the work environment
of shipyard is not comfortable to work in especially for an individual who has allergy
and other serious diseases.
Besides that, while at other times, it can be extremely cramped spaces; mere
fall can be high enough to cause fatal injury and even death. Cramped spaces
(confined spaces) are one of riskiest places to work in as it has a high hazard risk. A
shipyard worker is often at risk of physical injury to limbs, heads or other body parts
while working in such small spaces, along with more serious problems such as
suffocation, asphyxiation, etc. The first problem they face is the extreme nature of
shipyard workers ' working conditions. Also, in such small spaces, high pressure can
often cause much more severe and permanent damage such as rupture of the eardrum.
Shipyard workers often complain about their hearing abilities because they are
constantly working under conditions of high pressure.
In the shipyard industry, there is a no nine-to-five job which means there is no
fixed timings or schedule. The flow of work can be changed drastically in accordance
with any circumstances that occur along the whole process. The extreme nature of
their job means the workers have to be available at all times .The erratic time
schedules make this job harder than it already is, and definitely adds to the woes of
workers. Sometimes they even must work for several hours together without much
rest. This situation, had impact the workers both physically and mentally. Workers
will be fatigued, stressed and easily get sick.
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10.0 MATERIAL FLOW FROM RECEIPT TO COMPLETE PRODUCT (1000

TON SHIP)

Building a ship is a highly technical and complex process. It involves the

mixing of many skilled trades and contract staff working under a primary contractor's
control. Both for military and commercial purposes, shipbuilding is carried out. It is
an international business, with large shipyards around the globe competing for
relatively limited work.

In a shipbuilding overview, design is the initial step. The design considerations vary
widely for different types of ships. Ships may carry materials or people, may be
surface or underground ships, may be military or commercial, and may be powered by
nuclear or non-nuclear power. In the design phase, consideration should be given not
only to normal construction parameters, but also to the safety and health hazards
associated with the construction or repair process. Furthermore, it is necessary to
address environmental issues.

Stainless steel plate is the basic component of ship building. The plates are cut,
shaped, bent or otherwise produced in accordance with the design's desired
configuration. The plates are typically cut to different shapes by an automatic flame
cutting process. These shapes can then be welded together to form beams I and T and
other members of the structure.

The plates will then be sent to manufacturing shops where they will be joined into
different units and subassemblies. At this juncture, the units are assembled and
integrated with piping, electrical and other utility systems. The units are assembled
using either manual or automatic welding or a combination of the two. Several
welding process types are used. The most common is stick welding, where the steel is
joined by a consumable electrode. Other welding processes use arcs protected by inert
gas and even non-consumable electrodes.

Usually the units or subassemblies are transferred to an open-air platform or set up

area where erection or assembly joining occurs to form even larger units or blocks.
Additional welding and fitting take place here.
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In addition, quality control inspections and tests such as radiography, ultrasonic and
other destructive or non-destructive tests must be carried out on units and welds.
Those welds found to be defective must be removed and replaced by grinding, arc-air
grouping or chiseling. At this stage, to ensure proper profiling, the units are blasted
abrasively and painted. Brush, roller or spray gun can be used to apply paint. Spraying
is used most frequently.

The larger units completed are then moved to the graving dock, shipway, or final area
of assembly. Here, the vessel is formed by the larger units. Again, there is a lot of
welding and fitting. The vessel will be launched once the hull is structurally complete
and watertight. This may involve sliding it from the shipway it was built into the
water, flooding the dock it was built into, or lowering the vessel into the water. Great
celebration and fanfare almost always accompany launches.

It enters the equipment phase after the ship is launched. It takes a lot of time and
equipment. The work includes cabling and piping fitting, galley and accommodation
furnishing, isolation work, electronic equipment installation and navigation aids, and
propulsion and ancillary machinery installation. A wide range of skilled trades
perform this work.

The ship undergoes both dock and sea tests after completion of the outfitting phase,
during which all the ship's systems are proven to be fully functional and operational.
Finally, the ship is delivered to the customer after all testing and related repair work is
performed.

Figure 10: The material flow of shipbuilding

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 Steel fabrication

A detailed discussion of the steel fabrication process follows. It is discussed in the context of
cutting, welding and painting for each materials.

 Cutting

The shipyard's "assembly line" begins in the steel storage area. Large steel
plates of different strengths, sizes and thicknesses are stored here and are ready for
manufacture. The steel is then abrasively blasted and prepared with a construction
primer that preserves the steel during the various construction phases. The steel plate
is then taken to a manufacturing facility. Here the steel plate is cut to the desired size
by automatic burners. Then the resulting strips are welded together to form the
vessel's structural components.

 Welding

Most ships ' structural frame is made of different grades of mild and high-
strength steel. Steel provides the required formability, machinability and weld ability
in combination with the necessary strength for ocean-going vessels. Although
aluminum and other nonferrous materials are used for some superstructures (e.g.
deckhouses) and other specific areas within the ship, various grades of steel
predominate in the construction of most ships. Other materials found on ships, such as
stainless steel, galvanized steel and copper-nickel alloy, are used for a variety of
purposes of corrosion resistance and to improve the integrity of structures. However,
in much less quantity than steel, nonferrous materials are used. Usually the more
"exotic" materials are used in shipboard systems (e.g. ventilation, combat, navigation
and piping). These materials are required to perform a wide range of functions
including ship propulsion systems, backup power, and kitchens, fuel transfer pump
stations, and fighting systems.
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 Painting and finish coating

Painting takes place at almost every shipyard location. The shipbuilding and
repair nature requires the use of several types of paints for different applications. Paint
types range from water-based coatings to epoxy coatings with high performance. The
type of paint required for a particular application depends on the environment the
coating will be exposed to. Simple brushes and rollers, airless sprayers and automatic
machines range from paint application equipment. In general, the requirements for
shipboard painting are in the following areas: Underwater (hull bottom)

 Waterline
 Topside superstructures
 Internal spaces and tanks
 Weather decks
 Loose equipment.
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11.0 RECOMMENDATION
The success rate of shipyard depends on the decisions and measures taken at
the design stage. Their capacity includes the design of the process and other necessary
systems such as design of civil, structural, mechanical and electrical systems. They
also have such great infrastructure facilities as dock gates, ship lifts, floating docks,
ship launch systems, piers, quays, breakwaters, dredging, manufacturing halls, and
offices. Moreover, the shipyard can maximize their output and efficiency by redesign
the layout of shipyard in a better way.

The size of this shipyard is designed for team purposes, which means that their
multidisciplinary project teams can be assembled to provide their joint experience to
all detailed requirements for shipyard infrastructure design, improving performance,
and reducing construction and maintenance costs. Before that, the initial concept
designs plays a crucial part, where it will help customers finalize their decisions
before they commit to the final detailed design of the facility. The design concepts
components are often interchangeable in the best shipyard, which means customers
can combine attributes from two or more concepts to arrive at the customer's choice
concept.
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12.0 CONCLUSION

In general, a modern shipyard is normally well-equipped with high-tech

machinery and equipment compared to the conventional shipyard to perform the latest
and most cost-effective work. With this modern and efficient approach to realizing the
functions of a modern shipyard, the greater benefit of effectiveness and efficiency of
management can be achieved. In fact, the design of shipyard layout may impact the
material flow either negatively or positively. As the world is rapidly moving towards
high-tech shipbuilding processes, massive shipbuilding organization such as Hyundai
and Samsung are converting, by automatizing and standardizing processes.
Unfortunately, not all shipbuilding organization able to cope with the rapid growth of
the technology in this field, largely due to the focus on the availability of cheap
labour, high investment in modernization and the prevailing business scenario. The
global shipbuilding market's competitive situation requires innovative solutions and
speedy yard execution. Therefore, the only solution for shipyards is to be equipped
with an integrated solution that synergizes all processes of modern shipbuilding trends
including collaborative product developments, IT architectures, large infrastructures
and modular construction to bring about a quantum dynamic change.
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13.0 REFERENCES

1. Besiktas Shipyard, retrieved from: http://www.besiktasshipyard.com/Facilities.aspx

2. SCRIBD. (15 January, 2019). Shipyard Layout. Retrieved from SCRIBD:

https://www.scribd.com/doc/47577837/Shipyard-Layout

3. Nikhil Ambattuprambil Gopi., (2012) Improvement, of Shipyard, retrieved from

http://www.slideshare.net/agnikhil/shipyard-layout-improvement
4. Welding Health Hazards, (1996), retrieved from https://www.osha.gov/doc/
outreachtraining/htmlfiles/weldhlth.html
5. Ships of the Grand Ship (2013) Mega shipyard, retrieved from
http://www.drydocks.gov.ae/en/portal/ship.lift.aspx
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