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MATLABcommands

This document summarizes key MATLAB commands for working with vectors and matrices. It outlines how to define vectors as row or column vectors, access elements of vectors, perform basic operations on vectors like addition and multiplication, and calculate vector norms. It also covers how to define matrices, access elements and subsets of matrices, perform operations like addition, multiplication, and transposition on matrices, and calculate matrix norms and condition numbers. Decompositions like LU, Cholesky, and eigendecompositions are also summarized.

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Aris Budi
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39 views

MATLABcommands

This document summarizes key MATLAB commands for working with vectors and matrices. It outlines how to define vectors as row or column vectors, access elements of vectors, perform basic operations on vectors like addition and multiplication, and calculate vector norms. It also covers how to define matrices, access elements and subsets of matrices, perform operations like addition, multiplication, and transposition on matrices, and calculate matrix norms and condition numbers. Decompositions like LU, Cholesky, and eigendecompositions are also summarized.

Uploaded by

Aris Budi
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MATLAB Commands for Vectors and Matrices

MTHBD 423

• Vectors

– v = [2 4 6] yields a row vector.


– v = [2;4;6] or v = [2 4 6]’ yields a column vector.
– v(2) yields the second element in v.
– v(2:3) = yields elements 2 through 3 of v.
– v(1) = 0 replaces the 2 with a zero
– v(4) = 0 appends a zero to v now: v = [2 4 6 0]
– [m,n] = size(v) yields (m = 1 and n = 3) or (m = 3 and n = 1)
– v = 0:0.5:2 yields v = [0 0.5 1 1.5 2]

• Matrices

– A = [1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9] or [1,2,3;4,5,6;7,8,9] (semicolon seperates rows)


– [m,n] = size(A) yields m = number of rows in A and n = the number of columns in A.
– A(1,2) yields the element in row 1 and column 2 of A.
– A(:,2) yields the second column of A.
– A(2,:) yields teh second row of A.
– A(1:2,3:4) = yields rows 1 to 2 and columns 3 to 4 of A.
– A([1 3 2],[1 3]) = yields rows 1 3 2 and columns 1 3 of A.
– A + B yields term by term addition (appropriate dimensions reguired)
– A * B yields normal matrix multiplication (appropriate dimensions required)
– A∧2 = A * A
– A.∧2 squares each entry in A.
– A./2 divides each entry in A by 2.
– cos(A) takes the cosine of each term in A.
– eye(n) yields the n x n identity matrix
– zeros(n,m) yields an n x m zero matrix
– ones(n,m) yields an n x m matrix of all ones.
– transpose(A) yields the transpose of A.
– A’ = conjugate transpose (or just transpose if real)
– inv(A) yields the inverse of A if one exists.
– det(A) yields the determinent of A.
– eig(A) yields a column vector of the eigenvalues of A.
– [V,D] = eig(A) yields V a matrix with columns equal to ± the normalized eigenvectors of A,
and D is a diagonal matrix with the eigenvalues in decreasing size from upper left.
– x = A\b produces a solution to Ax = b. (forward slash).
– Matrix Factorizations
∗ [L,U] = lu(A) returns and upper triangular matrix U and a (psychologically) lower trian-
gular matrix L (ones on the diagonal) such that LU = A. (L is actually a permutation of a
lower triangular matrix).
∗ [L,U,P] = lu(A) returns and upper triangular matrix U and lower triangular matrix L (ones
on the diagonal) such that LU = P A. So that to solve Ax = b use LU x = Pb.
∗ R = chol(A) returns upper triangular R such that R*R’=A. Restrictions: A must be positive
definite and hermitian (symmetric if real). An error is returned if either of these restrictions
is violated.
∗ [V,D] = eig(A) yields V a matrix with columns equal to ± the normalized eigenvectors
of A, and D is a diagonal matrix with the eigenvalues in decreasing size from upper left.
Note: AV = VD or A = VDV−1 .
– Vector Norms: V is a vector.
∗ norm(V,P) = sum(abs(V).∧P)∧(1/P).
∗ norm(V) = norm(V,2).
∗ norm(V,inf) = max(abs(V)).
∗ norm(V,-inf) = min(abs(V)).
– Matrix Norms: X is a matrix.
∗ norm(X) is the largest singular value of X, max(svd(X)).
∗ norm(X,2) is the same as norm(X).
∗ norm(X,1) is the 1-norm of X, the largest column sum, = max(sum(abs((X)))).
∗ norm(X,inf) is the infinity norm of X, the largest row sum, = max(sum(abs((X’)))).
∗ norm(X,’fro’) is the Frobenius norm, sqrt(sum(diag(X’*X))).
∗ norm(X,P) is available for matrix X only if P is 1, 2, inf or ’fro’.
– Condition Numbers: X is a matrix.
cond(X,p) is the condition number of a matrix X using the p-norm. Values of p can be 1, 2,
inf, or ’fro’.

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