Window Cleaning Safety: '. IWCA I-14.1-2001

Window
Cleaning
Safety
An American National Standard
'. IWCA I-14.1-2001

· WINDOW CLEANING SAFETY ANSIIIWCA 1-14.1
International Window Cleaning Association
WINDOW
CLEANING
SAFETY
An American National Standard
Approved October 25,2001

American National Standards Institute
IWCA 1-14.1-2001
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COPYRIGHT LAWS PROHIBIT REPRODU~rNG THIS DOCUMENT
WINDOW CLEANING SAFETY ANSJ/IWCA 1-14.1
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DISCLAIMER*
The International Window Cleaning Association and the Members of the ANSIIIWCA I 14.1 Committee assume no liability, and in
no event shall the International Window Cleaning Association or the Members of the Committee be named liable, in whole or in .
part, for any loss or damage, whether ordinary, special. incidental or consequential, which may occur or be named as a result of the
use or misuse of the information in this Safety Standard. This Standard was developed to enhance the health and safety of those
involved in professional window cleaning. Revisions are the result of this Safety Standard being an active document and shall be
performed under consideration of factors such as technological advances, new information. and changing environmental and
industry needs.
COPYRIGHT
Copyright © 2001 - by the International Window Cleaning Association. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the U.S.A. Reproduction
of these materials in any format be it verbal, written, electronic or computerized is strictly prohibited without the expressed written { '. ~4.
consent of the International Window Cleaning Association. \ }
Approved October 25, 2001

American National Standards Institute

7801 Suffolk Court
Alexandria, VA 22315
800-875-4922
Fax: 703-971-7772
[email protected]
www.IWCA.org
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* This is not a part of ANSIIIWCA I 14.1-2001

iv
WINDOW CLEANING SAFETY ANSIIIWCA 1-14.1
FOREWORD
(This Foreword is not part of ANSIIIWCA I 14.1-2001)
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This Standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National Standards.
The consensus committee that approved the Standard was balanced to ensure that competent individuals from
concerned and affected interests had an opportunity to participate in its promulgation. It was developed within the
approved scope as stated in Section 1.1 of the Standard.
This Standard is available for public review on a continuing basis. This provides an opportunity for additional input
from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at-Iarge. The use of an addenda system will allow
revisions to be made in response to public review or committee actions and will be published as required.
This Standard, which is the result of extended and careful consideration of available knowledge and experience on the
subject, is intended to provide minimum requirements that are recommended for use by persons in the window
cleaning trade or who provide equipment or supplies to the trade, persons who employ or contract their services and
for adoption and enforcement by federal, state and local authorities and by model codes.
This Standard does not recommend when and which window cleaning procedure should be used. or what additional
codes and standards may have an added effect on it. For this information one should consult other pertinent standards,
federal or local codes and manufacturer's information.
Neither the Standards committee nor the secretariat feel that this Standard is perfect or in its ultimate form. It is
recognized that, although the window cleaning methods, procedures and materials included herein are widely used and
accepted, new developments are to be expected and revisions of the Standards are necessary as the art progresses and
further experience is gained. This Standard is not a successor Standard to any other Standard.
This Standard was initiated and developed by the International Window Cleaning Association when' it became
( .l apparent that, as there was no other standard in place that addressed safety in the window cleaning industry, there was
a need to produce one. It is recognized the affected parties of this initial Standard will require a reasonable period of
time to implement the methods described herein. Due consideration shall be given toward implementation of methods
described herein where the life safety of workers and public are affected. Any departure from the original design of
the equipment used in this Standard that may impact the intended use of the window cleaning equipment and
associated building systems should be limited solely to enhancing life safety and not for any reason that could
compromise safety.
The ANSIIIWCA 1-14.1 Committee does not "approve," "certify," "rate," or "endorse," any item, construction,
proprietary device, or activity beyond what is addressed in the Standard. '
This document is copyrighted by the International Window Cleaning Association, IWCA. All rights are reserved.
Reproduction of in any format be it verbal, written, electronic or computerized is strictly prohibited without the
expressed written consent of the IWCA.
For communication with the Committee please refer to the following page.
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COPYRIGHT LAWS PROHIBIT REPRODUCING THIS DOCUMENT
CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE ANSIIIWCA 1-14.1 COMMITTEE
General. ANSI Codes and Standards are developed and maintained with the intent to represent the consensus of
concerned interests. As such, users of this Standard may interact with the COmmittee by requesting interpretations,
proposing revisions, and attending Committee meetings. Correspondence should be addressed to:
Secretary. ANSIIIWCA 1-14.1 Committee

7801 Suffolk Court
Alexandria, Virginia 22315-4029
Telephone: 703-971-7771 Fax: 703-971-7772
E-mail: [email protected]
Proposing Revisions. Revisions will be made periodically to the Standard to incorporate changes when necessary or
desirable, as demonstrated by the experience gained from the application of the Standard or to reflect new technology.
Approved revisions will be published periodically.
The Committee welcomes proposals for revisions to this Standard. Proposals should be specific, citing the
paragraph number(s). the proposed wording and a detailed deSCription of the reasons for the proposal. Pertinent
documentation should be included.
Interpretations. On written request, the ANSIIIWCA 1-14.1 Committee will render an interpretation of any
requirement of the Standard. The request for interpretation should be clear and unambiguous. The following format
is recommended: .(
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Subject: Cite the applicable paragraph number(s) and provide a concise description.
Edition: Cite the edition of the Standard for which the interpretation is being
requested.
Question: Phrase the question as a request for an interpretation of a specific

requirement suitable for general understanding and use, not a request for
an approval of a proprietary design or situation.
Requests which are not in the above format may be rewritten by the Committee or its Secretary prior to being
answered, which may inadvertently change the intent of the original request. The Committee reserves the right to
deem certain requests for interpretations not within its scope or expertise and refuse to address them.
The Committee reserves the right to reconsider any interpretation when, or if, additional infonnation, which might
affect it, becomes available to the Committee. Persons aggrieved by an interpretation may appeal it to the Committee
for reinterpretation.
Attending Committee Meetings. The ANSIIIWCA 1-14.1 Committee holds meetings that are open to the public.
Persons wishing to attend any meeting should contact the Secretary of the Committee.
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COPYRIGHT LAWS PROHIBIT REPROnl f(~IN~ T~IC:: nnrllMI='NT
ANSIIIWCA 1-14.1 COMMITTEE ON

WINDOW CLEANING SAFETY
(The following is a roster of committee members at time of publication)
Officers
Stefan D. Bright-Chairman
;:,
Craig S. Caulkins, P.E. -Vice Chairman
Jack Pitzer-Secretary
Committee Personnel
Stefan D. Bright International Window Cleaning Association

Craig S. Caulkins C.S. Caulkins Co., Inc.
Brian Crossland A-I Orange Cleaning Services. Inc.
Charles E. Dedden High Rise Powered Scaffold Services
Bart Donnelly Approved Safety Products
Brian Gartner Weatherguard Service, Inc.
Marco Giamberardino BOMA International
Roy Hereth Roy's Window Services
Allen Kanarek Tracte!,,, Inc.
Andrew Kreidenweiss Braco Window Cleaning Service, Inc.
Marc Lebel ProBel Limited
Larry Lucks Spider, Division of Safeworks, LLC
Theresa Martin Martin's Window Cleaning Corporation
l..anyMcCune State of California-Division of Occupational Safety & Health
rrl Pedersen Illinois Association of Building Maintenance Contractors
",<lUck Scott SRS Safety Services, Inc.
"Tom Stafford R &R Scaffolding
Gus Strats Summit Anchor Company
Blaise Thomas New York State Department of Labor
Thomas Trinen Service One, Inc.
Jeffery Valcourt Valcourt Building Services, LC
Jim Willingham New Day Window Cleaning, Inc.
Robert Zeolla Sunset Building Services, Inc.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
IGENERAL
1.1 Scope
1.2 Purpose
1.3 Application.
1.4 Variations
1.5 Design
1.6 Assurances
1.7 Plan of Service
1.8 Emergency Recovery
2 DEFINITIONS
PART A
GENERAL AND PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL WINDOW CLEANING OPERATIONS
3.1 Age
3.2 Equipment Design Requirements
3.3 Safety Equipment
3.4 Training, Instruction and Supervision
3.5 Chemicals
3.6 Working Surfaces
3.7 Excessive Wind Speed
3.8 Fall Protection
3.9 Anchorages
3.1 0 Protection for the General Public
3.11 Warning Labels
4: BUILDING REQUIREMENTS
4.1 Applicability
5 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
5.1 Extension Devices
5.2 Ladders
5.3 Window Cleaner's Belts
5.4 Manually Propelled Mobile Scaffolds
5.5 Aerial Work Platforms (Vehicle Mounted and Manually Propelled)
5.6 Manual Swinging Scaffolds and Boatswain s Chairs
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5.7 Rope Descent Systems (RDS)

5.8 Transportable Suspended Powered Platforms (single and multiple suspension)
5.9 Permanently Installed Powered Platforms (single and multiple suspension)
6 PROHIBITED EQUIPMENT
6.1 Portable Sills
6.2 Window Jacks
6.3 Materials
6.4 Capstan Devices
6.5 Ascenders
6.6 Standing Lines
6.7 Horizontal Lines
6.8 Polypropylene Rope
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PARTB
BUILDING AND EQUIPMENT DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
J BUILDING REQUIREMENTS
8 Inspection and Testing
9 l\nchorages
9.2 Fall Protection
10 EQUIPMENT DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

10.1 Ladders
10.2 Window Cleaners Belts
11 Aerial Work Platforms (Vehic1e Mounted and Manually Propelled)
12 Manual Swinging Scaffolds
13 Boatswain's Chairs .
14 Rope Descent Systems
15 Transportable Suspended Powered Platforms (single and multiple suspension)
16 Retrofit of N"ew Power Operated Systems Dedicated to the Building
17 Roof Support Equipment
17.1 Parapets, Cornices and Building Anchorages
17.2 Davits and Davit Fixtures
17.3 Sockets
17.4 Tie-Backs
17.5 Counterweighted Outriggers
17.6 Parapet Clamps and Cornice Hooks
17.7 Overhead Monorail Tracks and Trolleys
18 References and Appendix
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WINDOW CLEANING SAFETY ANSI/IWCA 1-14.1
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1 GENERAL 1.5 Design
1.1 Scope Each system, scheme, plan and procedure for window
cleaning, includ:ing the equipment used, be it permanent or
/ This industry Standard identifies accepted safe practices for portable, shall consider structural, electrical and mechanical
window cleaning. evaluations of the effects of the loads, including fall arrest
loads induced on the building's components, parapets, tie-
1.2 Purpose back anchorages, etc.
1.2.1 The purpose ofthls Standard is to provide safety to 1.6 Assurances

window cleaners and to others, such as a passerby, where
window cleaning operations are :in progress, by specifying 1.6.1 Window cleaning contractors shall provide to building
equipment with practical and adequate safety factors and owners and/or their operating agents the following
features, and requiring safe use, design and ma:intenance of assurances:
such equipment. a) the window cleaning contractor shall meet all applicable
local, state and nationallfederallicensing and/or
1.2.2 Part A of this Standard has been developed for those registration requirements;
who will use the equipment and Part B for those who design, b) the window cleaning contractor shall strictly adhere to
manufacture and install the equipment. Part A and Part B of all applicable local, state and federal labor laws and
this Standard have been developed to work :in coqjunction safety codes and standards;
with each other. c) the window cleaning coritractor shall utilize.workers
trained in accordance with Section 3.4 of this Standard;
1.2.3 FUrthermore the purpose of this Standard is to d) where the window cleaning contractor provides
establish guidelines to assist window cleaning contractors, transportable or personal fall protection equipment, that
window cleaning operators, window cleaning equipment equipment shall be designed, maintained and inspected
manufacturers and builcling owners or their operating agents in accordance with this Standard.
to provide a safe and efficient work place for window
cleaning. 1.6.2 Building owners and/or their operating agents shall
provide window cleaning contractors with the following
)I 1.2.4 This Standard is designed for reference by regulatory written assurances:
.' governmental agencies or to serve these agencies as a guide a) that the installation or structure has been inspected,
in the formation of safety rules and regulations and is for use tested and ma:intained in compliance with the
by registered professional engineers and architects and by requirements of this Standard;
manufacturers of window cleaning equipment and devices. b) that all equipment dedicated to the building meets the
requirements of Part B;
1.3 Application c) specified load ratings, intended use and limitations for
fixtures permanently dedicated to the buildings;
1.3.1 This Standard applies to all window cleaning d) manufacturer's instructions for :installations, anchorages
operationS performed on the inside and/or outside of any and fixtures permanently dedicated to the building..
building in which the window cleaner is working from a level
that is located more than 48 inches (1200 mm) above grade, 1.6.3 Window cleaning contractor shall not permit
or above an acljoining flat roof or other flat surface. employees to perform window cleaning prior to receiving
assurance from the building owner that the installation meets
1.3.2 This Standard is also applicable to tools, including the requirements of this Standard.
extension devices and such other hand held equipment as
.may be used :in w:indow cleaning operations. 1.1 Plan of Service
1.4 Variations A written plan developed by the window cleaning contractor

or qualified person shall be provided that will inform the
The enforc:ing authority should recognize and accept newly building owner or their operating agents when windows to be
developed techniques, methods or equipment when it has cleaned are located :in areas where workers may utilize
been established that they will provide equal or greater safety. suspended equipment or; where workers are exposed to falls
Variations from the requirements of this and other applicable and other known hazards or; where the public may be
ndards may be granted by enforc:ing authorities. . exposed to overhead equipment operations. The plan shall
include among its conditions the identification of hazardous
areas, drop zones, safety features and areas requiring public
protection.
1
WINDOW CLEANING SAFETY ANS,/IWCA '-14.1
The plan shall be readily available for use by the building drop- a vertical area or work zone accessed by the worker or
owners or their operating agent, window cleaners. enforcing piece of equipment during one descent.
authorities and emergency personnel. The use of a written drop line- a vertical line from a fixed anchorage,
plan applies to a dwelling house over 3 full stories high or independent of the work surface, to which the lanyard is :{ ), :1
occupied by more than 3 families. affIxed.
fall hazard- greater than 48 inches (1200 rom).
1.8 Emergency Recovery fixture- attachments, anchors, anchorages, tie backs or
support equipment permanently dedicated to a given site.
In the event of power failure, equipment failure or disability grade- the ground, the floor, the sidewalk or any other
of any nature, means and procedures shall be established and apprOximately level, solid surface of sufficient area and
provided for the safe emergency recovery of persons working having sufficient structural strength to be considered a safe
from suspended equipment or other types of ins.tallations. workplace.
Emergency procedures shall be included into the work plan guy- (standing rope) a supporting rope which maintains a
in accordance with Section 1.7. as well as in the operating constant distance between the points of attachment to the two
instructions for the installation. components connected to the rope.
horizontal lifeline- a means of providing a certified
2 DEFINITIONS anchorage for a personal fall arrest system, designed by a
registered professional engineer.
accept, accepted, acceptable- a practice, design or method in line- perpendicular with an area being accessed; a straight
recognized by the industry or the authority having path between anchorage and suspended worker or between
jurisdiction. tieback anchorage and suspension device; parallel position of
access platform- a platform used to gain access to an area of equipment or· lifeline to work-face.
the building. inside, from the- all of the window cleaner's body except one
anchorage- a secure point of attachment. Refer to section arm shall be on the interior side of th~ plane of the windo~
3.9. frame.
angulated roping- a suspension method where the upper installation- all equipment and .all effected parts of a
point of suspension is closer to the building than the building which are associated with the perfonnance of
attachments on the suspended unit causing the suspended building maintenance.
unit to bear against the face of the building. lanyard- a flexible line to secure a wearer of a safety belt ort . .,,3
approved- accepted as satisfactory by a duly constituted harness to a drop line, lifeline or flXed anchorage. \
administrative or regulatory authority. level- a flat horizontal working surface.
bearing point- is a location on the surface of a building Iifeline- see drop line.
where the suspension line contacts the building. mobile scaffold, manual- a scaffold assembly supported by
boatswain's chair- a seat for one person, suspended by a casters and moved manually.
single line or tackle, which is designed to be raised and outside, from the- more than a single arm of the cleaner's
lowered by the user or hislher assistant. body is outside of the plane of the window frame
body harness- a design of simple or compound straps that perpendicu1ar- at a right angle to parapet or in line with an
may be secured about the wearer in such a manner as to area being accessed.
distribute the stopping forces over the thighs, buttocks, chest platform- a working surface fabricated for persons that is
and shoulders, or any combination thereof, and capable of being elevated.
with provisiOns for attaching a lanyard. plumb line- is the shortest imaginary line that is formed
cable- a conductor or groups of conductors enclosed in a from an elevated point to level ground.
weather proof sheath. that may be used to supply electrical portable equipment-equipment that is manually relocated
power and/or control current for equipment or to provide from work position to work position on a given building:
voice communication circuits. power platform- a manned platform which is suspended by
certified- accepted by design, evaluation or inspection by a wire rope and operates by power to access areas of a building
registered professional engineer or legal jurisdiction. in the up or down direction for the purpose of building
competent person- a person who by way of training or maintenance.
expertise is knowledgeable of applicable standards, is capable primary support/suspension- a working line or approved
of identifying workplace hazardous or dangerous conditions anchorage used for attachment of a working line.
relating to the specific operation, is designated by the professional engineer- one who has professional experience
employer and has the authority to take appropriate actions. in the practice of design and installation of permanent
controned descent apparatus/controlled descent window cleaning equipment, window cleaning devices, glass
equipment- see RDS. curtain wall and temporary scaffold rigging devices. (
davit- a device used for suspending a platfoim or seat board Engineer must be familiar with all pertinent codes and '
from work, storage or rigging locations on the building being standards and hold a valid license issued by the state in
serviced. Unlike an outrigger, a davit reacts its operating which he practices.
load into a single roof socket or carriage attachment
2
qualified person- a person who, by possession of a PART A- GENERALAND

recognized degree or certificate of professional standing or
who, by extensive knowledge, training and experience, has PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENrS
j successfully demonstrated the ability to solve or resolve
. problems relating to the subject matter and work. 3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL WINDOW
RDS (Rope Descent Systems)- an assembly of components CLEANING OPERATIONS AND APPARATUS
that when properly configured will provide means to descend
a drop in a manner whereby the acceleration forces of gravity 3.1 Age
are controlled, permitting the operator to slow or halt hislher
descent on a synthetic fiber rope at any desired moment (aka, Employers of persons engaged in window· cleaning shall
eDE, CDA). observe all provisions of m.irrlmum-age laws for persons
rated load- the combined weight of men, tools, equipment engaged in hazardous occupations. .
and other materials which the device is designed and
installed to lift and support. 3.2 Equipment Design Requirements
safety line anchor- see anchorage.
sit hamess- a design of simple or compound straps that may All equipment shall be engineered, designed and approved by
th~ manufac~er for use in window cleaning conforming
be secured about the wearer in such a marmer as to distribute
the stopping forces over the thighs. buttocks or any WIth the reqUIrements of Part B of this Standard. Alterations
combination thereof, and with provisions for attaching a to the characteristics of a unit's design or capacity to safely
lanyard in the front waist. support the equipment and its operators shall be prohibited
shall- indicates the rule is mandatory and must be followed. unless specifically approved in writing by its original
shouId- indicates a recommendation, the advisability of manufacturer or a registered professional engineer.
which depends on the facts in each situation.
sill- a component or group of components of the building or 3.3 Safety Equipment
structure's exterior or interior, immediately below the
E~ployers shall provide their window cleaning employees
window and of sufficient width and design to safely support a
window cleaner while positioned by a window cleaner's belt. WIth safety equipment and devices conforming with the
requirements of this Standard and shall maintain such
slack-without tension or applied load.
equipment in safe operating condition at all times.
;tanding line- a means to wind stabilize a work platfonn
Employers shall also train employees as to how to inspect
./ utilizing vertical lines strung between a fixture at the roof
.each piece of equipment provided. Any person, employer or
level and a ground anchorage.
employee exposed to a hazard or using any suspended
static kernmantle- synthetic rope constructed of continuous
equipment shall use this safety equipment.
filament strands woven into a dense cover over a
unidirectional filament core and maintains low elongation
3.4 Training, Instniction and Supervision
(aka, static fiber rope, static rope). .
swinging scaffold, manual- a platform suspended by two or
3.4.1 Employers and employees shall be profiCient in safe
more lines, designed to be raised and lowered by users and is
working procedures and proper use of equipment. Employers
independent of the building, except for attachment at the
shall be qualified in the instruction and supervision of safe
roof, parapet or other supporting flXture.
and proper working procedures and practices. EnforCing
tie-back anchor- see anchorage. authorities may require evidence that workers are profiCient
transportable equipment- equipment that is relocated from and capable of safely carrying out their tasks.
property to property.
window cleaner- a person who by occupation and training is 3.4.2 Satisfactory completion of a course in safe practices
proficient in window cleaning. and a proper on-the-job training period would qualify a
window cleaner's belt anchor- specially designed fall window cleaner as having met the requirements of
preventing attachment points, permanently affIxed to a Section 3.4.1. The employer may delegate the training and
window frame or to a building part, immediately adjacent to supervision to a qualified person.
the window frame, for direct attachment of the terminal
portion of a window cleaner's belt. 3.4.3 Manufacturer's instructions shall be provided to the
window cleaning- the operation of cleaning or restoring users for all equipment utilized in the performance of their
windows, wiping, or other methods of cleaning windows, tasks.
window frame or curtain wall sections, spandrel panels, etc.
working line- a rope which is suspended vertically from an 3.4.4 For guidelines of the requirements of a training course,
lchorage and is used for accessing parts of a building to consult Appendix B of this Standard.
provide maintenance (aka, drop line, main line).
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3
3.5 Chemicals 3.9 Anchorages
When chemicals are used for window cleaning it shall be the Building owners and window cleaning Fig.A-I-CutawayAnchor
employers' responsibility to establish a written hazard contractors shall not allow suspended ~ i\ ,
communication program complying with OSHA 29 CFR work to be performed unless it has
1910.1200, and to adequately train and provide all been determined that the building has " ,
information to employees that will be working. with.the provided, identified and certified
chemicals. Training shall also comply with Section 3.4 of anchorages complying with Section 9 or 10 for: independent
this Standard. Hazardous or corrosive materials shall not be safety lines; tie-backs for outriggers, parapet clamps and
used in the course of window cleaning when they may cornice hooks; primary support anchorages for powered and
endanger the health and safety of the worker or may affect manual boatswain's chairS; primary support anchorages for
the safe operation of the equipment. rope descent systems; horizontal (rope) lines or lifelines; and
wherever else required.
3.5.1 When hazardous or corrosive materials will be utilized
in the course of window cleaning, the employer will consult 3.10 Protection For The General Public
with qualified persons regarding the chemical agent's
compatability with the window cleaniilg apparatus and safety When equipment used to access windows is suspended over
systems. To determine compatability, laboratory testing may or erected near an area traversed by workers, the public or
be required. vehicular traffic, warning signs shall be positioned below and
the ground area directly under or adjacent to the work zone
3.5.2 Employees that will be subjected to working with shall be effectively blocked by means of barricades. A
hazardous or corrosive chemicals shall use personal competent person shall determine if additional means of
protective equipment in accordance with the chemical's protection are necessary. When there may be a danger to the
"Material Safety Data Sheet" (MSDS) and in compliance public, all window cl~aning tools or other items shall, be
with OSHA 29 CFR 1910.134 through 1910.136. secured to the worker~ seatboard or platform to prevent them
from falling.
3.5.3 The use of hazardous or corrosive materials shall be
incorporated into the work plan in accordance with Section 3.11 Warning Labels
1.7 of this Standard.
Manufacturers of all equipment supplied for work performef JI
3.6 Working Surfaces within this Standard shall provide warning labels. and
instructions alerting users of any hazards and the
No window cleaner shall be permitted to work from, stand or precautionary measures necessary for the safe operation and
walk on any surface, including skylight, sloping and use of said equipment. Warning labels shall be legible. This
horizontal glass, that is not designed for such loading. section only applies to materials which are components of
access equipment or a fall protection system.
3.7 Excessive Wind Speed
3.12 Working Around Electrical Hazards
Window cleaning shall be prohibited when the window
cleaner's work area is exposed to excessive winds. Excessive Unprotected, energized electrical lines or equipment shall not
winds are considered to be any wind which constitutes a be contacted with tools or equipment. A minimum safe
hazard to the worker, public or property. distance is no less than 10 feet (3 m). If unsure. the power
company should be consulted.
3.8 Fall Protection
4 Building Requirements
Fall protection, perimeter guarding, personal fall arrest
systems or a personal fall restraint system (as applicable) 4.1 Applicability
shall be provided for all work areas (with the exception of
working from a ladder supported at grade or using a window 4.1.1 All buildings where window cleaning is performed that
cleaner's belt and window cleaner's belt anchors) that expose employ suspended equipment shall be equipped with roof
a worker to a fall hazard when approaching within 6 feet anchorages or other approved devices which will provide for
(lS00 rom) of an unguarded edge or unguarded skylight. the safe use of the equipment in conformance witi Lie
The means or methods used shall comply with the provisions of this Standard.
requirements found in Section 9.2 of this Standard.
4.1.2 Where the window cleaning is performed that employ(
methods other than those complying with 4.1.1, they shall
have or utilize approved devices that will provide for safe
4
working procedures in confonnance with the provisions of unshielded electrical supply or device and in compliance with
this Standard. Section 3.12 of this Standard.
4.1.3 Sections 4.1.1 and 4.1.2 apply to a dwelling house over 5.1.4 When an extension pole or device is used while
/ 3 full stories high or occupied by more than 3 families. working on or from ladders. platforms or suspended access
equipment near areas traversed by the general pUblic, tools,
4.2 Means and Methods attachments and the pole itself shall be secured to prevent
them from falling.
4.2.1 Buildings erected or substantially remodeled in areas
where window cleaning may be affected after the adoption of 5.2 Ladders FIg. A-3 Sect!aa ladder
this Standard shall be equipped with the appropriate means
and methods necessary to comply with the provisions of this 5.2.1 Consideration should be given to
Standard. other access methods before ladders are
used for window cleaning.
4.2.2 Existing buildings without the means and methods to
safely clean its windows shall be provided with such a system 5.2.2 When ladders are used for window
andlor employ methods complying with the provisions of this cleaning applications. their design, use and maintenance
Standard. shall confonn to the prOvisions of Section 10.1 of this
Standard for ladders and in accordance with its
4.2.3 Transportable equipment used to access a building's manufacturer's instructions.
interior or exterior fa~ade shall be designed and used in
accordance with the requirements of this Standard. 5.2.3 Employees shall be trained in the use and care of
ladders before they may be pennitted to use such equipment.
4.2.4 Buildings with an existing window cleaning system Training shall include but not be limited to understanding
shall provide and maintain the means and methods to access the manufacturer's instructions, inspection, correct selection
its facade in accordance with the Standards in force at the of a ladder, proper assembly and disassembly, carrying,
time of the building's original construction and shall provide moving, climbing, descending and a full understanding of
fall protection for window cleaners complying with Section safe working conditions considering' as a minimum, fatigue,
2 of this Standard. slippery/wet surfaces and wind.
4.2.5 Buildings with a pennanent installation system shall 5.2.4 When used, ladders shall be inspected daily. Those
not have the system diminished unless it has decayed beyond with defects which may affect their safe use shall be
its ability to be renovated. In such cases an equivalent or immediately removed from service, tagged or marked with a
alternate system approved by a registered professional label which states, "Dangerous, Do Not Use", then restored
engineer experienced in such design shall be installed in or destroyed. Improvised repairs are prohibited.
strict accordance with the applicable sections of part B of this
Standard. 5.2.5 Ladders shall be stored in such a manner as to provide
ease of access or inspection and to prevent danger of accident
when withdrawing a ladder for use. Ladders when not in use
5 Performance Requirements shall be stored at a location where they will not be exposed to
harmful elements and where there is proper ventilation.
5.1 Extension Devices (a) Ladders stored on or transported on exposed vehicle
FIg. A-2 Extension Device racks shall be properly secured to prevent damage and care
5.1.2 Employees shall be shall be taken to ensure that prolonged exposure is not
trained in the use and care of harmful.
extension poles and water fed (b) Wood ladders shall not be stored near radiators, stoves,
poles before they shall be steam pipes, outside or other places subject to excessive heat
permitted to use such or dampness. Rungs shall be kept free of grease or oil.
equipment. Training shall Wood ladders shall not be painted with other than a
include but not be limited to transparent material.
proper inspection, assembly,
erection and a full understanding of safe working conditions 5.2.6 Ladders supported at grade shall not be used to clean a
considering as a minimwn, exposure to electrical sources and window whose top is more than 45 feet (13.7 m) above the
ad. floor, adjoining ground or flat roof. Ladders used to clean
windows whose top is more than 35 feet (10.7 m) above the
, 5.1.3 Extension poles and water fed poles shall not be used floor or adjoining ground or flat roof shall be equipped with
when any part of them may be closer than 10 feet (3 m) to an stand-offs or equivalent means to stabilize the ladder. Each
end of the stand-off shall be securely and squarely rested
5
against a vertical surface. The top rest for the ladder (with or unless the ladders are engineered (designed) for such use and
without stand-offs) shall be rigid and shall have ample personal fall protection is provided.
strength to support the applied load. Ladders shall not be
placed or obstructed in a manner that may make the method 5.2.18 Ladders shall not be ·placedin front of doors unless (
of using the ladder unsafe. the door is blocked open, locked or guarded. '
5.2.7 Prior to using a ladder, the areas to be serviced shall be 5.2.19 When ascending or descending the ladder, the user
visually inspected and where necessary, appropriate measures shall face the ladder. When working on the ladder, the user
shall be taken to ensure that building features, such as shall face the ladder and the center of their torso shall not
window ledges, frames, entranceways and landscaping will extend past either side rall of the ladder. Over-reaching is
not impair the safe· climbing, descending and moving of a strictly prohibited.
ladder. These measures shall be incorporated into the work
plan iIl accordance with Section 1.7 of this Standard. 5.2.20 Ladders shall not be used as guys, braces or skids, or
for any other purpose other than than those orginially
5.2.8 When using ladders the worker shall wear adequate intended.
footwear.
5.2.21 Cross-bracing on the rear section of stepladders shall
5.2.9 At all times when a cleaner is Fig. A-4 Extension not be used for climbing unless the ladder is designed for and
Ladder
working on a ladder over. 37 feet (11.3 m) provided with steps for climbing on both front and rear
long, an additional person shall stand at sections.
the foot of the ladder, face it and hold it
with both hands. Ladders shall not be 5.2.22 Prior to assembly. extension and working from a
used in windy conditions in accordance ladder, proper danger signs and barricades shall be in place
.with Section 3.7 of this Standard. in accordance with Section 3.10 of this Standard.
5.2.10 All ladders shall be used at such a 5.2.23 When using ladders 01) roof levels, setbacks, ledges or
pitch that the horizontal distance from elevated working surfaces, the work position of the ladder
its top support point to the foot of the shall be a minimum distance (measured from any edge of the
ladder is ~ of the unsupported length of work area) equaling the working length of the ladder plus ~,{. .j
the ladder (Le.; the length along the ladder three feet. '\ /
between its foot and upper support).
5.2.24 While working from a ladder, the worker shall not
5.2.11 No ladder shall be used to gain access to a roof unless stand above the 3rd rung from the top of the ladder and shall
the top of the ladder extends at least 36 inches (.9 m) above keep the center of their torso between the side rails of the
the point of support at eaves, gutter or roof line. ladder. The uppennost resting point (fulcrum) of the ladder
must not be below the second rung from the top of the ladder
5.2.12 All ladders shall be equipped with non-slip bases at any time when a person is working on the ladder.
suitable for the bearing surface. Middle and top sections
shall not be used as bottom sections unless the user equips 5.2.25 No device may be used to gain additional reach from
them with non-slip bases. Non-slip bases are not intended as a ladder that would hinder the worker from compliance with
a substitute for care in safely placing, lashing or holding a Section 5.2.24. The use of a ladder with a hook attached to it
ladder that is being used on oily, metal, concrete or slippery to hang on or over a parapet wall shall confOnD to Section
surfaces. 3.2 of this Standard.
5.2.13 Ladders shall not be placed on boxes, barrels or other 5.2.26 The ladder shall be tied back and the worker shall be
unstable bases to obtain additional height. secured to an independent anchorage in confonnance with
Section 9 of this Standard. A hook ladder shall have a
5.2.14 Ladders shall not be placed on uneven surfaces unless minimum standoff slope of 12 inches (.3 m) per 10 feet (3 m)
equipped with an engineered leveling system. and its overall length shall not exceed 20 feet (6 m). The use
of a hook ladder is an exception to Section 3.8 thus workers
5.2.15 Portable rung ladders with reinforced rails shall be using or placing the ladder shall use a Personal Fall Arrest
used only with the metal reinforcement on the under side. System in confonnance with Section 9.2.2.
5.2.16 Metal ladders shall be used in accordance with

section 3.12 of this Standard.
5.2.17 Ladders shall not be used simultaneously by more

than one person nor with ladder jacks and scaffold planks
6
5.2.27 Recommendations for safe set up and assembly 5.3 Window Cleaner's Belts Fig. A-6Window Cleaner's
Belt
)Extension Ladders 5.3.1 When such equipment is ~
used for window cleaning , '. .. ,:
(a) The ladder should be laid on the ground at the point on applications, its deSign, use and '. .
the building where it will be erected. Make sure that the base maintenance shall confonn to the .
section of the ladder is up and the extension fly is on the provisions of Section 10.2 of this Standard for window
ground. cleaner's belts and in accordance with the'manufacturer's
instructions.
5.3.2 Employees shall be trained in the use and care of

window cleaner's belts before they are allowed to use such
equipment. Training shall include but not be limited to
understanding the manufacturer's instructions, inspection,
wearing the proper size, staring, correct use of anchors and
tenninals and a full understanding of safe working conditions
considering as a minimum, obstructions, slippery/wet
swfaces and wind.
(b) Block the ladder uSing the building or a co-worker 5.3.3 Each window cleaner's belt shall be inspected daily.
standing with one foot on the bottom rung and one foot Those that have defects which may affect their safe use shall
against the foot of the ladder. be immediately removed from service, tagged or marked with
a label which states, "Dangerous, Do Not Use", then restored
(c) Lift up the top section of the ladder to your highest point or destroyed. Improvised repairs are prohibited.
of reach using both hands.
5.3.4 Window cleaner's belts shall be stored in such a
(d) Working hand over hand, push the ladder toward the manner as to provide ease of access or inspection, and to
iuilding until it is raised to a point where it can be rested prevent exposure to mOisture, sunlight or corrosion
against the building.
5.3.5 Prior to using a window cleaner's belt, the areas to be
(e) Extend the ladder using the pre-attached rope and pulley serviced shall be visually inspected and where necessary,
system making sure the ladder locks correctly into place appropriate measures shall be taken to ensure that building
before climbing. Extreme care should be taken to avoid. features, such as windows, window ledges and frames are
damaging the building Or surface while raising or lowering functionable and will not impair the safe use of a window
the ladder. To disassemble the ladder, perform the above cleaner's belt. These measures shall be incorporated into the
procedure in reverse. work plan in accordance with Section 1.7 of this Standard.
5.2.28 Sectional Ladders 5.3.6 It is prohibited to use any anchor that appears to be
damaged, deteriorated, worn, loose, insecure or which
(a) Set the sections of ladders upright against the building or prohibits the easy engagement of the belt terminal over the
wall to be serviced with the base section closest to the swface anchor head. The use of eyebolts, mortar hooks and lag
and the center sections following it, with the top section as screws is prohibited.
the outermost piece.
5.3.7 Cleaning from the inside shall be done without
(b) Lift up the top section by grabbing close to the bottom extending more than one arm beyond the window sash.
and setting it on the top of the next section.
5.3.8 When cleaning from the outside with the use ofa
(c) Lift up on the lower portion of these assembled sections window cleaner's belt, the worker shall attach one belt
and setting each of them on the top of the next section. terminal to an anchor without extending more than one arm
beyond the window sash. The worker shall then apply a finn
(d) When disassembling sectional ladders, perform the above pull on the anchor via the belt runner, observing the anchor
procedure in reverse. assembly for any unsafe condition as outlined in 5.3.6 above.
The worker shall attach the other belt terminal to the second
,G) The worker shall not assemble sectional ladders higher anchor before or immediately upon climbing out. If there are
than recommended by the ladder manufacturer. no unsafe conditions, the worker may then continue with the
window cleaning.
7
WINDOW CLEANING SAFETY ANSIIIWCA 1-14.1 ,
5.3.9 Both terminals shall remain attached to anchors during prevent danger of an accident when withdrawing the
the cleaning operation. scaffolding for use. Components should be stored at a '
location where they will be protected from the elements.
5.3.10 When entering the window from the outside, one Cllinbing and work surfaces shall be kept free from grease, \
terminal shall remain attached to an anchor until the worker oil or other slippery substances. '
has returned inside.
5.4.5 Manually propelled mobile scaffolds may be used for
5.3.11 Traveling on the outside of the building shall not be window cleaning operations only when they can be erected,
permitted where the sill or ledge is less than 6 feet (1800 from a suitable, stable base or footing, remain plumb and
nun) wide unless it is possible to keep at least one window square during use, and be moved over level surfaces free
cleaner's belt terminal attached at all times. from obstructions or openings to the point of use.
(a) The distance between anchors shall 'not exceed 48 inches
(1200 mm) horizontally unless the sill or ledge is atleast 12 5.4.6 Prior to using a manually propelled mobile scaffold,
inches (305 mm) wide and the slope is less than 5 degrees in the areas to be serviced shall be visually inspected and where
which case the distance between anchors may be as much as necessary. appropriate measures shall be taken to ensure that
6 feet (1200 mm). However. this method of traveling shall building features such as window ledges. frames, awnings.
not be pennitted if the sill or ledge is not continuous with at cornices, sidewalks, 'stairways and landscaping will not
least 6 inches (152 mm) in front of the mullions or if each impair the safe erection, climbing. descending and moving of
window unit is not readily accessible. a mobile scaffold. These measures shall be incorporated into
the work plan in accordance with Section 1. 7 of this
5.3.12 When performing beltwork over public areas. Standard.
barricades and danger signs shall be used in accordance with
Section 3.10 of this Standard. If there is a danger to the 5.4.7 Locking scaffold planks shall be used to prevent
public, all window cleaning tools shall be secured to the dislodging while moving the scaffold tower.
worker in order to prevent them from falling.
5.4.8 Workers shall use such scaffolds in accordance with
Section 3.12 of this Standard.
5.4 Manually Propelled MobUe Scaffolds Fig. A-7 Tower
Scaffold
5.4.9 Workers shall examine the work area and identify flOG
5.4.1 When such equipment is used for openings and 'other hazards with appropriate signage and/or{,
window cleaning applications. its design, barricades.'
use and maintenance shall conform to the
provisions of Section 11 of this Standard for 5.4.10 If the work area is over steps or an unleveled area,
manually propelled mobile scaffolds and in adjustable legs must be used to level base to build upon. Do
accordance with the manufacturer's not use mobile scaffolds on sloped surfaces unless its frame is
instructions. elevated as to raise its wheels from the surface. No more
than 12 inches (305 mm) of a screw jack shall extend
5.4.2 Employees shall be trained in the use between the bottom of the acljusting nut and the top of the
and care of manually propelled mobile caster.
scaffolds before they are pennitted to use
such equipment. Training shall include but not be limited to 5.4.11 Wheels must be locked before assembling above the
understanding the manufacturer's instructions, inspection, frrst section, ascending. descending and disassembling the
scaffold assembly and dismantling, mOving. climbing. scaffold.
descending, fall protection and a full understanding of safe
working conditions considering as a minimum, unlevel 5.4.12 Free standing scaffold towers whose vertical
surfaces and wind. dimension exceeds four (4) times their minimum base
dimension must be restrained from tipping using an industry
5.4.3 Prior to erecting. inspect the scaffold's general acceptable method such as tie-ins or outriggers.
condition and all safety devices including guard rails, toe
boards, access ladder, brackets, putIogs, tubes and couplers 5.4.13 Scaffolding shall not be moved when it is occupied.
and tightened nuts & bolts. Those components which have
defects that may affect their safe use shall be immediately 5.4.14 Before moving an un-occupied tower, the work
removed from service, tagged or marked with a label which location should be surveyed for any hazards (including
states, "Dangerous, Do Not Use", then restored or destroyed. unstable ground or exposed power lines) and all equipment
Improvised repairs are prohibited. on the tower should be secured.
5.4.4 Scaffolding and its components shall be stored in such 5.4.15 Prior to assembling. moving and disassembly. proper
a manner as to provide ease of access or inspection and to danger signs and barricades shall be in place in accordance
8
WINDOW CLEANING SAFETY ANSII/WCA 1-14.1
with Section 3.10 of this Standard. Where it may be a operating a gas powered lift. Any damage or excessive wear
danger to the public, window cleaning tools shall be secured shall be reported immediately. The lift is not to be used if
to the worker in order to prevent them from falling. any components do not function properly. Modifications to
)
1 the aerial platform are strictly prohibited unless performed by
/5.4.16 Assembly and Disassembly the manufacturer.
(a) Workers are prohibited from attempting to assemble a 5.5.4 The unit shall be stored in such a manner as to provide
scaffold by themselves unless the scaffold is of a pre- ease of access or inspection, and to prevent danger of
assembled design that allows for one person set up and take accident when withdrawing it for use. Working surfaces
down. shall be kept free from grease. oil or other'slippery ,
substances.
(b) A competent person shall determine when fall protection
is to be used during the assembly and disassembly of a 5.5.5 Prior to using the aerial work platform, the areas to be
scaffold. serviced shall be visually inspected and where necessary.
appropriate measures shall be taken to ensure that building
(c) Rope shall be used to raise and lower structural features. landscaping or working surfaces are free from
components of the scaffolding. At no time are workers obstructions that may impair the safe operation of the aerial
permitted to climb the scaffold while carrying a structural platform. These measures shall be incorporated into the
component. work plan in accordance with Section 1. 7 of this Standard.
(d) Never remove a component without considering its affect 5.5.6 Aerial work platforms may be used for window
on the entire scaffold structure. cleaning operations only when they can be readily and safely
moved into pOSitions where all tires and outriggers (as
(e) Remove equipment and clean debris from components applicable) can be properly seated on a suitable stable base or
prior to dismantling scaffold. footing and retain that position during the entire work cycle.
(f) Lower dismantled components in a safe mann~r to protect 5.5.7 Aerial work platforms shall'be operated in accordance
those below and prevent damage to the components. with Section 3.12 of this Standard.
.I 5.5.8 The rated load for the aerial work platform shall not be
" 5.5 Aerial Work Platforms (Vehicle Mounted and exceeded.
Manually Propelled)
5.5.9 Aerial work platforms requiring outriggers shall have
Fig. A-8 Manllft
5.5.1 When such equipment is their outriggers fully extended in all directions and finnly
used for window cleaning seated on the work surface prior to operating the unit. The
applications, its design. use and platform shall not be mounted on a truck or any unstable
maintenance shall confonn to the surface in order to gain more height unless the platform is a
provisions of Section 11 of this manufactured truck mounted unit.
Standard for aerial work
platfonns and in accordance with 5.5.10 Workers shall examine the work area and identify
the manufacturer's instructions. floor openings and other hazards with appropriate signage
and/or barricades.
5.5.2 Employees shall be trained
in the use and care of an aerial work platfonn before they 5.5.11 The aerial work platfonn must be leveled before
shall be 'permitted to use such equipment. Training shall using.
include but not be limited to understanding the
manufacturer's instructions, inspection, site assesment. 5.5.12 All occupants shall use personal fall restraint
proper operational procedures, basic electrical understanding. equipment in accordance with the manufacturer's
fall prot~ction and a full understanding of safe working instructions.
conditions considering as a minimum. unlevel surfaces and
wind. In the event the aerial lift is rented, it shall be the 5.5.13 Makeshift devices or ladders used to gain more height
responsibility of the rental company to familiarize the out of the basket are prohibited.
operators with its use.
5.5.14 Unless specifically designed for transportation under
yJ.5.3 The aerial work platform shall be inspected by a load. the aerial work platform shall not be moved while
,competent person before each use. All wire ropes, chains and occupied; and if moved. the surface it is moved on should be
bolts must be secure. All electrical and manual functions level, stable and continuous.
shall be working. Smoking shall be prohibited when
9
5.5.15 Aerial work platforms operated outside have specific

wind limitations. The use of a platform outside shall be 5.6.6 Automatic braking systems, manual swinging scaffolds
discontinued in accordance with Section 3.7. and boatswain's chairs may be used for suspension heights .
not ej{ceeding 130 feet (40 m) when the tackle has been
5.5.16 Prior to setting up, working from and removing the designed so that a minimal amoWlt of force is required in
aerial platform from a work location, proper danger signs raising or lowering the worker. The unit shall automatically
and barricades shall be used in accordance with section 3.10. maintain an elevation when the force to raise or lower the
Where it may be a danger to the public, window cleaning unit is not applied. There shall be no creep. Tackle
tools shall be secured to the worker in order to prevent them components shall have a minimum rated strength of 5,000
from falling. pOWlds (2268 kg). Tying of knots, half hitches, bends, etc.
shall not be allowed in any block and tackle suspension
5.6 Manual Swinging Scaffolds and Boatswain's Chairs· device to maintain an elevation.
Fig. A-9 Block & Tackle
5.6.1 When such equipment is used 5.6.7 Operators of manual swinging scaffolds and/or
for window clealrtng applications, its boatswain's chairs shall be equipped with and utilize an
design, use and maintenance shall independent fall arrest system complying with Section 3.8
conform to the provisions of Section and Section 9.2.2.
13 of this Standard for manual
swinging scaffolds and boatswain's 5.6.8 Prior to using a manual scaffold or boatswain's chair,
chairs and in accordance with the the building exterior shall be visually inspected and where
manufacturer's instructions. necessary. appropriate measures shall be taken to ensure that
building features such as sharp edges of parapets, window
5.6.2 Employees shall be trained in frames, ledges, cornices or overhangs cannot impair the
the use and care of manual swinging structural integrity of the support system or associated fall
scaffolds and boatswain's chairs before protection rigging. Padding when used, shall be secured to
they are permitted to use such equipment. Training shall prevent its dislodging from the surface to be protected. These
include but not be limited to Wlderstanding the measures shall be incorporated into the work plan in
manufacturer's instructions, inspection, scaffold assembly accordance with Section 1.7 of this Standard.
and dismantling, accepted rigging practices, moving, l
hoisting for ascent and descent, fall arrest requirements and a 5.6.9 No window cleaner shall attempt to clean any surface(,}
full Wlderstanding of safe working conditions considering as beyond his reach. Swinging, swaying or any other maneuver
a minimum, correct rigging and the effects of wind on to increase the work area shall be prohibited.
suspended operations.
5.6.10 All components shall be inspected before use. Any
5.6.3 Prior to assembling, inspect the scaffoldlboatswain's components with defects shall be immediately removed from
chair for their general condition and all safety devices service, tagged with a label which states, "Dangerous, Do
including: decking, chair, guard rails, stirrups/hangers, toe Not Use", then restored or destroyed. Improvised repairs are
boards, brackets, wire ropes, tightened nuts & bolts, ropes prohibited.
and blocks. Those components which have defects shall be
inunediately removed from service, tagged or marked with a 5.6.11 Where used, manual swinging scaffolds and
label which states, "Dangerous, Do Not Use", then restored boatswain's chairs may be suspended from any of the devices
or destroyed. Improvised repairs are prohibited. complying with and referenced in Sections 9 and 17. All
primary support equipment components of the system shall
5.6.4 ScaffoldinglBoatswain's chairs and their components be capable of supporting, without failure, a load of four times
shall be stored in such a manner as to provide ease of access the intended load, but not less than 1200 pOWlds (544 kg).
or inspection and to prevent danger of accident when
withdrawing the equipment for use. Components shall be 5.6.12 Only two persons may use/work on any swinging
stored at a location where they will be protected from the scaffold at anyone time. All work shall be performed
elements. Working surfaces shall be kept free from grease, between the two stirrups or hangers.
oil or other slippery substances. Ropes shall be stored in a
cool, dry, dark environment. 5.6.13 When a block and tackle is used with a boatswain's
chair, a person shall be stationed beneath it at all times to
5.6.5 Manual swinging scaffolds and boatswain's chairs assist the window cleaner on the chair.
may be used for window cleaning operations only where
windows cannot be accessed safely and practicably by other 5.6.14 Where a manual hoist is used, it shall be of an
means and where the height of suspension does not exceed 75 accepted design and shall be proVided with a secondary
feet (23 m) above grade or a building set back unless the use brake.
of tackle with an automatic brake is employed.
10
WINDOW CLEANING SAFETY ANSII/WCA 1"14.1
5.6.15 Prior to assembling, moving and disassembly of a rigging. When used, padding shall be secured to prevent its
manual scaffold or boatswain!s chair, proper danger signs dislodging from the surface to be protected. These measures
and barricades shall be in place in accordance with Section shall be incorporated into the work plan in accordance with
3.10 of this Standard. Where it may be a danger to the Section 1.7 of this Standard.
, 'public. window cleaning tools shall be secured to the
scaffolding or .boatswain' s chair in order to prevent them ---
5.7.6 Operators of rope descent syste~all utilize and be .
from falling. safely secured to an independent fall-arrest system complying
with Section 3.8 and 5.7.4 and ~on 9.2.
5.7 Rope Descent Systems (RDS) 5.7.7 Workers shall wear an!completely assemble their
Fig. A-lO Rope Descent System personal fall arrest equipment prior to approaching the point
5.7.1 When such equipment is of suspension.
used for window cleaning
applications, its design, use and 5.7.8 The worker shall be secured within the seatboard and
maintenance shall confonn to the fall arrest equipment prior to being suspended. Workers
provisions of Section 14 of this shall maintain their connection to a primary descent system
Standard for rope descent systems and fall arrest system at all times when suspended.
and in accordance with the Disconnecting.from either system while suspended is strictly
manufacturer's instructions. Only prohibited.
equipment designed in accordance
with Section 3.2 and intended for 5.7.9 Rope shall be rigged through the descent device with
use in commercial applications the appropriate number of wraps or friction points so as to
shall be used. ensure a controlled rate of descent. The diameter and
construction of the rope used shall correspond to the
5.7.2 Employees shall be trained in the use and care of rope manufacturer's specified rope diameter. Descent devices
descent systems before they are pennitted to use such shall be connected to a seatboardusing a double acting
equipment. Training shall include but not be limited to carabiner of manual or auto locking design. The attachment
understanding the manufacturer's instructions, inspection of point on the descent device shall be of one piece construction
?mponents, accepted rigging practices, identifying with no gates or openings. .
I' dllchorages, descending, fall arrest requirements, rescue
.,' consideration and a full understanding of safe working 5.7.10 While suspended, window cleaners shall not reach
conditions considering as a minimum, correct rigging, rope further than six (6) feet (1800 mm) in any direction as
use, inspection and care and the effects of wind on suspended measured from the plum line of the suspension point on the
operations. bearing point on the building. Rapid descents, excessive
swinging and sudden stops are prohibited.
5.7.3 Prior to assembling, the operator shall inspect the
components of the rope descent system and all safety devices 5.7.11 Anyone using a rope descent system, should have
including ropes, harnesses, rope grabs, lanyards, descent available at the jobsite at least one other co-worker equally
devices, chairs ~d hardware for their general condition. proficient in the use of the system and rescue procedures.
Those components which have defects shall be immediately When perfonning descents over 130 feet (40 m), special
removed from service, tagged or marked with a label which attention shall be given to prevent against the danger
states, "Dangerous, Do Not Use", then restored or destroyed. associated with the following industry recognized hazards:
Improvised repairs are prohibited. a) the potential of sudden climactic changes such as wind
gusts, micro bursts or tunneling wind currents;
5.7.4 Rope descent systems shall be stored in such a manner b) the ability of the RDS to function without the user having
as to provide ease of access or inspection and to prevent to apply excessive force;
danger of an accident when withdrawing the equipment for c) the length of time workers are suspended;
use. Components shall be stored at a location where they will d) the re-rigging and movement of main suspension and
be protected from the elements. Working surfaces shall be safety lines;
kept free from grease, oil or other slippery substances. Ropes e) the ability to provide a prompt rescue in the event of an
shall be stored in a cool, dry, dark environment. emergency.
5.7.5 Prior to making a descent, the building exterior shall 5.7.12 Operators of rope descent systems shall continuously
. visually inspected· and where necessary, appropriate monitor wind speeds and weather conditions throughout the
r~.leasures shall be taken to ensure that building features, such course of operation. Rope descent systems shall not be used
./ as sharp edges of parapets, window frames, open projected for window cleaning when wind speeds become excessive in
windows and cornices or overhangs cannot impair the accordance with Section 3.7 of this Standard. On descents
structural integrity of the RDS or associated fall protection
11
higher than.130 feet (40m), provisions shall be made for 5) rust, tar or grease is present;
stabilization. Such provisions may inclt,lde: 6) line size has been reduced;
a) continuous; (examples and reference to Part B)* 7) subjected to a shock load;
b) intermittent; (examples and reference to Part B)* 8) exposed to chemicals that affect their strength; (
c) work station. (suction cups) 9) exposed to excessive ultra violet degradation; or
Descents shall not exceed 300 feet (91m) above grade unless 10) working lines that have been subjected to a rapid -
the windows cannot be safely and practicably accessed by descent.
other means.
* Note: These provisions are under development and 5.7.17 Suspension Devices for Rope Descent Systems
consideration. (RDS)
5.7.13 Operators of rope descent systems shall continuously . (a) A rope descent system may be suspended from equipment
monitor the condition of all components of the system. Any or anchorages permanently dedicated to the building or
components subject to constant friction and wear shall be equipment that is transported -Fig. A-II Transportable Counterweighted
inspected regularly. Manufacturer's instructions with from building to building, Outrigger
regards to maximum allowable wear points shall be followed. prOviding that the design of the
Those components which have defects shall be immediately support apparatus and the part of
removed from service, tagged or marked with a label which the structure where it is placed
states, "Dangerous, Do Not Use", then restored or destroyed. has been approved by a
Improvised repairs are prohibited. registered professional engineer
for all loads that will be imposed
5.7.14 Extreme care shall be taken when using descent in accordance with Section 9 and
equipment around electrical service or heat sources and 17 of this Standard.
turbulent areas such as air vents.
(b) Portable support devices shall be inspected by a
5.7.15 Prior to using a rope descent system for window competent person before, during-and after daily use.
cleaning, proper danger signs and barricades shall be in place Operator shall as a minimum, check for cracks, bends.
in accordance with Section 3.10 of this Standard. Where it missing pinslbolts and other items that may affect the support
may be a danger to the public, window cleaning tools shall be capability of the device. Those components which have l
secured by tool lanyards or other similar methods in order to defects shall be immediately removed from service, tagged 6.",
prevent them from falling. marked with a label which states, "Dangerous, Do Not Use",
then restored or destroyed. Improvised repairs are
5.7.16 Working Line Use prohibited.
(a) Working lines shall not be used longer than two (2) years (c) Portable support devices shall be assembled according to
from date fIrst placed in service or three (3) years from date the manufacturer's instructions and specffications and shall
of manufacture. Ropes shall be selected for specific work provide a minimum 4 to 1 ratio against overturning.
tasks based on criteria presented in Section 14.5. Weights used to counterweight a transportable support device
shall be non-flowable and secured to the device using means
(b) The securing of a rope to an anchor with a knot is for positive engagement. Portable support devices shall be
permitted prOviding the specffic knot does not decrease the tied-back to a certifIed anchorage on the building with a rope
initial breaking strength of the rope below 5000 pounds equivalent in strength to the suspension rope.
(2268 kg) considering the operators intended deceleration
and the reduction of tensile strength over the course of daily (d) Every primary line, lifeline and tie-back line, shall be
use. attached with minimal slack to an identified anchorage in
line (Within 15 degrees of perpendicular) [see appendix]with
(c) All ropes shall be protected from contact with any surface the area being accessed. The anchorage shall comply with
that may abrade, sever, weaken or damage it. Section 9 of this Standard. Tie-back lines shall be
constructed of wire rope or static fiber rope with minimal
(d) Ropes shall be inspected according to section 5.7.13 stretch characteristics whose breaking strength is greater
above and a method shall be prOvided by the employer to than or equal to that of the primary suspension line.
identify the use of descent lines and lifelines. Rope shall be
removed from service as recommended by the manufacturer (e) A portable support device which uses the parapet wall for
or if one of the follOwing conditions is evident or occurs: support is acceptable under the following conditions:
1) braids are cut; 1) the support capability of the parapet has been approved i:(
2) excessive abrasion has worn fibers; accordance with Section 1.6.2: -
3) there is hardness or stiffness; 2) the support device meets the requirements of Section
4) dirt or grit has clogged the fibers; 17.5;
12
3) theJocation(s) on the parapet have been identified in 5.8 Transportable Suspended Powered Platforms (single
compliance with Section 1. 7. and multiple suspension)
,_ 4) The use of portable outriggers with wheels at their Fig. A-13 Transportable
Suspended Power Platform
ulcrum point that rest' on the building parapet are prohibited. 5.8.1 When such equipment is
used for window cleaning
(f) HoriZontal movement of a worker suspended from a applications, its design, use and
transportable device is strictly prohibited unless: maintenance shall conform to the
1) it is designed to be rolled under load without disassembly provisions of Section 15 of this
and re-assembly; Standard for suspended
2) it maintains an overturning stability of at least 4 to 1; scaffolding and in accordance
3) its tie-back anchorage and safety line anchorage are with the manufacturer's
independent of each other and have been specifically instructions.
designed for such movement and repositioning under load
and; 5.8.2 Employees shall be trained
4) a.method is used to protect the suspension lines and in the use and care of suspended
lifelines from abrading horizontally against the roof edge, scaffolding before they are
parapet wall or other building feature or appurtenance; permitted to use such equipment.
5) employees moving transportable devices shall be tied off Training shall include but not be limited ~o understanding
with a personal fall protection system as outlined in section the manufacturer's instructions, inspections, assembly of
9.2. components, accepted rigging practices, motor use, steel wire
use, fall arrest requirements, rescue consideration and a full
(g) Attaching lifelines or suspension lines to or through free understanding of safe working conditions considering as a
standing or free hanging weights is strictly prohibited. minimum, correct rigging, basic electrical concepts and care
and the effects of wind on suspended operations.
5.7.18 Fall Arrest Systems for RDS
5.8.3 Prior to assembling, a competent person shall inspect
(a) The components of an Fig. A-12 Fall Arrest System for
RDS
the components of the suspended scaffolding and all safety
independent fall arrest system shall devices including motors, brakes, wire rope, stirrups/hangers,
,mply with the requirements decking. guardrails, electrical devices, rigging equipment,
l' _JUDd in Section 9.2.2 of this ropes, harnesses, rope grabs and lanyards for their general
,. Standard. Components of the fall condition. Those components which have defects shall be
arrest system that do not meet these immediately removed from service, tagged or marked with a
requirements are strictly prohibited. label which states, "Dangerous. Do Not Use", then restored
or destroyed. Improvised repairs are prohibited.
(b) The lifellne of the system shall always be anchored in
line (within 15 degrees of perpendicular) [see appendix] with 5.8.4 Suspended scaffolding and its components shall be
the suspended worker. ' stored in such a manner as to provide ease of access or
inspection and to prevent danger of accident when
(c) The lanyard and rope grab assembly shall limit a free fall withdrawing· the equipment for use. Components shall be
to no more than 6 feet (1800 mm) and shall have shock stored at a location where they will be protected from the
absorbing characteristics. elements. Working surfaces shall be kept free from grease~
oil or other slippery substances. Wire rope shall be stored in
(d) Operators of a rope descent system shall wear a full body a dry environment away from corrosive materials, coiled with
harness with the attachment in the upper torso located either its lay and tied to prevent uncoiling.
in the front or back. In the case of an upper torso front
,attachment, the overall lanyard length shall not exceed 24 5.8.5 Prior to accessing the facade, the building exterior
inches (610 mm). In the case of an upper torso rear shall be visually inspected and, where necessary. appropriate
attachment, the overall lanyard length shall not exceed 48 measures shall'be taken to ensure that building features, such
inches (1200 mm). as sharp edges of parapets, window frames, open projected
windows and cornices or overhangs cannot impair the
(e) Fall arrest equipment shall remain engaged when the structural integrity of the suspended scaffolding or associated
worker is exposed to a fall and during the entire length of the fall protection rigging. These measures shall be incorporated
descent and shall not be removed until the worker has into the work plan in accordance with Section 1.7 of this
"ched the ground or safe working level. Standard. .
5.8.6 Operators of a transportable suspended scaffold shall

utilize and be safely secured to an independent fall arrest
system complying with Sections 3.8, 5.8.4 ,9.2.2 and 15.2.
13
5.8.15 Operators shall rig the scaffolding to ensure that the

5.8.7 Operators of the scaffolding shall have a means of distance from motor to motor and motors to the workface are
communication to a point inside the building or to a company in line and parallel.
representative. ('
5.8.16 All electrical lines shall be padded wherever contact"
5.8.8 Operators of transportable suspended scaffolding shall with the building surface may cause abrasion. Electricity
continuously monitor wind speeds and weather conditions shall be disconnected when not in use.
throughout the course of operation. Transportable suspended
scaffolding shall not be used for window cleaning when wind 5.8.17 It is prohibited to modify the operating controls of the
speeds become excessive in accordance with Section 3.7 of hoist motors. (i.e.; tying them off)
this Standard. On elevations higher than 130 feet (40 m).
provisions shall be made for stabilization. Such prOvisions 5.8.18 If the scaffolding is left suspended when not in use, it
may include: shall be securely lashed or tied in to the building or workface.
a) continuous; (examples and reference to Part B)*
b) intermittent; (examples and reference to Part B)* 5.8.19 Prior to unloading, rigging and using transportable
c) work station and or angulated roping; (examples) When suspended scaffolding for Window cleaning, proper danger
only work station and or angulated roping stabilization is signs and barricades shall be in place in accordance With
possible, descents shall not exceed 300 feet (91m). Section 3.10 of this Standard. Where it may be a danger to
* Note: These provisions are under development and the public, window cleaning tools shall be secured to the
consideration. worker or platform in order to prevent them from falling.
5.8.9 During the use of transportable suspended scaffolding 5.8.20 Single Point Suspended Working Platforms
methods shall be used to eliminate the danger associated with
the following industry recognized hazards: (a) Occupants of single point suspended working platforms
a) the potential of sudden climactic changes such as wind shall have a fall protection system complying with Section
gusts, micro bursts or tunneling wind currents; 15.2 of this Standard.
b) the re-rigging and movement of main suspension and
safety lines; (b) The operator shall either secure his/her safety harness
c) the ability to provide a prompt rescue in the event of an and lanyard to a designed anchorage on the platform or use I'
emergency. an independent vertical lifeline. \,
5.8.1 0 Transportable ground rigged suspended platforms 5.8.21 Suspension Devices for Transportable Suspended
shall not be used above 300 feet (91m) unless the platform Powered Platforms
can be continuously stabilized.
(a) Transportable powered platforms may be suspended from
5.8.l1 Operators of transportable suspended scaffolding equipment or anchorages permanently dedicated to the
shall continuously monitor the condition of all components of building or equipment that is transported from building to
the system. Any components subject to constant vibrations, building. prOViding that the design of the support apparatus
friction and wear shall be inspected regularly. and the part of the structure where it is placed has been
approved by a registered professional engineer for all loads
5.8.12 Extreme care shall be taken when using suspended that vvill be imposed in accordance with Section 9 and 17 of
scaffolding around electrical service or heat sources. this Standard. Suspension to permanent equipment or
anchorages shall be in a straight line with no more than 15
5.8.l3 Operators shall exercise caution whlle ascending and degrees angulation [see appendix] in either direction.
descending the building facade. Special attention shall be
given to avoid snagging the scaffold on building (b) Portable support devices shall be inspected by a
components. competent person before, during and after daily use.
Operators should check for cracks, bends, missing pinslbolts .
5.8.14 The number of J-clamps on Fig. A-14 J-Clamps for wire and other items which may affect the support capability of
,
each supporting steel wire rope shall rope~ the device. Those components which have defects shall be
be at least 3 and spaced evenly. J- immediately removed from service, tagged or marked with a
clamps shall be checked each day label which states, "Dangerous, Do Not Use", then restored
during the course of using the or destroyed. Improvised repairs are prohibited.
suspended scaffolding. U-clamps are
prohibited. (c) Portable support devices shall be assembled according tei,
the manufacturer's instructions and specifications and shall '
provide a 4 to 1 ratio against overturning. Weights used to
counterweight a transportable support device shall be non-
14
flowable and secured to the device using means for positive (e) Operators of transportable suspended scaffolding shall
engagement. wear a full body harness with the attachment in the upper
middle back.
) (d) Support devices requiring a tie-back shall be attached
) with minimal slack to an identified anchorage located in line (f) Fall arrest equipment shall remain engaged the entire
(within 15 degrees of perpendicular) [see appencUxJ with the time that workers are suspended by the platform and shall not
'support device. The anchorage shall comply with Section 9 be removed until the workers have reached the ground or safe
of this Standard. Tie-back lines shall be of wire rope whose working level.
brealdng strength is greater than or equal to that of the
primary suspension line. 5.9 Permanently Installed Powered Platforms
(e) A portable support .device which uses the parapet wall for 5.9.1 When such equipment is used for window cleaning
support is acceptable under the following conditions: applications, its deSign, use and maintenance shall conform
1) the support capability of the parapet has been approved in to the provisions of Section 16 of this Standard for
accordance with section 1.6.2; permanently installed powered platforms and in accordance
2) the support device meets the requirements of section 17.5; with the manufacturer's instructions.
3) the location(s) on the parapet have been identified in
compliance with Section 1.7. 5.9.2 Employees Flg.A-16 PennanentlyInslalledPoweredPlatfonn
4)The use of portable outriggers with wheels at its fulcrum shall be trained by a
point that rest on the building parapet are prohibited. competent person in
the use and care of
(f) Horizontal movement of a worker or platform suspended suspended platform
from a transportable device is strictly prohibited unless: before they are
1) it is designed to be rolled under load without disassembly permitted to use such
and re-assembly; equipment. Training
2) it maintains an overturning stability of at least four to shall include but not
one; be limited to
3) its tie-back anchorage and safety line anchorage have understanding the
Jeen specifically designed for such movement and manufacturer's
../ repositioning under load with a means to protect the instructions, inspections, assembly of components, accepted
. suspension lines and lifelines from abrading horizontally rigging practices, motor use, steel wire use, fall arrest
against the roof edge, parapet wall. building features or requirements, rescue consideration and a full understanding
appurtenances. of safe working conditions considering as a minimum,
correct rigging. basic electrical concepts, and care and the
(g) Attaching lifelines or suspension lines to or through free effects of wind on suspended operations. The training will be
standing weight{s) is prohibited. validated and a copy kept on file by the window cleaning
contractor and be readily available to the building manager
5.8.22 Fall Arrest Systems for Suspended Scaffolding upon request.
Fig. A-15 Fall Arrest System for
(a) The components of an Suspended Scaffolding 5.9.3 It shall be the btiilding owner, manager or operating
indepependent fall arrest system agents responsibility to have the installation inspected on a
shall comply with the requirements regular basis in compliance with OSHA 29 CFR 1910.66. A
found in Section 9.2.2 of this copy of the inspection shall be given to the window cleaning
Standard Components of the fall contractor prior to the equipment being used. The employer
arrest that do not meet these shall not permit employees to use the installation prior to
requirements are strictly prohibited. receiving assurance from the building owner that the
installation meets the requirements contained in this
(b) The lifeline of the system shall always be anchored in Standard.
line (within 15 degrees of perpendicular) [see appendix J
with the suspended worker or platform. 5.9.4 Prior to use, the platform shall be inspected by a
competent person. Specifically, the components of the
(c) Anchorage of the lifeline should be independent of any powered platform and all safety devices including motors,
portable support device. brakes, wire rope, stirrups/hangers, decking, guardrails,
electrical devices, rigging equipment, ropes, harnesses, rope
d) The lanyard and rope grab assembly shall limit a free fall
i' \ grabs and lanyards shall be checked for their general
. j' of no more than 6 feet (1800 mm) and shall have shock condition. Those components which have defects shall be
absorbing characteristics. immediately removed from service, tagged or marked with a
label which states, "Dangerous, Do Not Use", then restored
15
or destroyed. Improvised repairs are prohibited. The unit 5.10.3 Safe working procedures.
shall not be used until repairs have been made and the
platform re-inspected. The following procedures where applicable shall be executec'
prior to beginning to clean an operable window from the (
5.9.5 Workers shall continuously monitor the components of interior. "
the platform while operating it. Special attention shall be (a) Where windows are locked, bolted or have liriuts on the
paid to wire winders, stabilizmg systems and other operation of their sash, the key or wrench that is made for the
components that are in constant motion. device shall be obtamed from the owner along with any
manufacturer's instructions.
5.9.6 Prior to operating a permanently installed powered (b) The work area shall be cleared of obstacles or items that
platform for window cleaning, proper danger signs and may interfere with safe access to the windows and an
barricades shall be in place in accordance with Section 3.10 adequate area shall be available for the sash when removed
of this Standard. Where it may be a danger to the public, or cycled for cleaning~
window cleaning tools shall be secured to the worker or (c) Barricades, as necessary, shall be provided when the
platform in order to prevent them from falling. public is in the area.
(d) Jigs or devices to restrain the loose or tilted sash (es)
shall be available.
5.10 Cleaning The Exterior Surfaces of Operable
Windows From Inside the Building 5.10.4 Procedures to be followed while cleaning
5.10.1 Exterior surfaces of operable windows may be cleaned (a) Windows not easily unlocked or unbolted or that require
from inside the building when: excessive force to operate or have any problem that may
a) they can be safely accessed; ,hinder their closing or reinstallation shall not be accessed for
b) all the glass surfaces can be cleaned with only one arm cleaning. The problem shall be reported to the building
(the part of the body below the worker's shoulder) of the owner or operating agent.
window cleaner extended beyond the outermost glass plane (b) Window sashes and components shall be carefully
when his or her feet are finnly on the floor or safe working handled and not placed in a position that may allow them to
surface without the use of a ladder or other access device; fall or shift.
c) the height of the sill prevents the worker from falling (c) Window components, as per their size and weight, shall ('"
through the opening; be handled by an adequate number of persons to ensure that', ,)
d) the window and all its appurtenances are sound and in lhe wl_ndow sections are Ln the control of the wl_ndow
proper working order; cleaner(s).
e) the worker is protected from falling through the opening,
in a manner that complies with Section 3.8 of this Standard. 5.10.5 Procedures for closing or reinstalling the sash after
cleaning.
5.10.2 Typical operable window units that can be safely
cleaned this way are: (a) Windows shall be carefully closed and/or have their
a) tilt and turn windows; components reinstalled to allow them to function in the same
b) double hung tilt in windows*; manner and with the same operating forces they were as prior
c) double hung "side loaded" windows*; to their cleaning.
d) LTlterior swLTlging O1-.Sement windows; (b) Windows that have locks; bolts or limits on their sashes
e) in and out swinging awnings or projected windows; shall have them reinstalled.
f) sliding windows with fixed lights or multiple sliding (c) All windows serviced shall be operated through their
lights; cycles to test that they are fully operational and that their
g) side loaded sliding windows*; locks, limits, etc. are secure. Windows that do not maintain
b) 90 and 180 degree vertical or horizontal pivoting their open positions, (i.e.; a double hung window that will
windows. not stay raised) shall be reported to the owner or operating
agent.
* To be considered safe to be cleaned this way, these (d) Keys, tools and instructions furnished to the window
windows shall have their tilt or removable features designed cleaners for their use shall be returned to the building owner.
for window cleaning and not for only installation of the
window sash. 5.11 Handling of Ropes and Lines
Mechanical means shall be provided for raising and lowering

lines· (wire rope, fiber and cable) when the entire line's (
weight exceeds 55 pounds (25 kg). \
16
6 PROHIBITED EQUIPMENT FOR WINDOW·

CLEANING
)
1
, ·6.1 Portable Sills: The use of portable sills is prohibited.
6.2 Window Jacks: The use of window jacks is prohibited.
6.3 Materials: The use of any material that is manufactured

exclusively of natural products (such as cotton, hemp or
leather) other than wood is prohibited. This section only
applies to materials which are components of an access or
fall protection system. This section does not apply to
equipment prohibited in Section 10.2.2 (a)
6.4 Capstan devices shall not be used for suspending

workers.
6.sAscenders shall not be used as a part of a fall arrest

system.
6.6 Standing lines shall be used as sway protection for

suspended equipment only when another means of
stabilization cannot be employed. and then such a system
shall be designed by a registered professional engineer
familiar with those types of powered platform installations.
6.7 Unless designed by a registered professional engineer,

lorizontallifelines shall be prohibited .
./
. 6.8 Ropes made entirely of polypropylene are prohibited.
17
PART B- BUILDING AND strict accordance with the applicable sections of part B of this
Standard.
EQUIPMENT DESIGN
REQUIREMENTS 7.2.6 Existing buildings without provisions for a window ('
cleaning system may provide a combination of building
7 BUILDING REQUIREMENTS supplied fall protection and anchorages plus window
cleaning contractor supplied transportable equipment or a
Part A and Part B of this Standard are interdependent. window cleaner's belt anchor system. Where such a decision,
Although specific references may not be provided, designed is selected roof anchorages, supporting fIXtures, window
features provided in Part B must be implemented in cleaner's belt anchors andlor transportable equipment shall
accordance with the provisions contained in Part A. be designed, manufactured, installed, operated and
maintained in accordance with applicable portions of Part B.
7.1 Applicability Fall protection'provisions shall comply with Section 9.2.
Wind sway protection, where required, shall comply with
7.1.1 All buildings where window cleaning is performed in Section 15.14.
accordance with Section 1.3 and employing suspended
equipment shall be equipped with roof anchorages or other 7.3 Maintenance, Servicing and Upkeep
approved devices that will provide for safe use of the
equipment in conformance with the provisions of this 7.3.1 Equipment is susceptible to slow degradation,
Standard. particularly equipment and its components that are stored
outside. Geographic regions of the country near oceans
7.1.2 Window cleaning performed that employs other experience salt air corrosion capable of destroying structural
methods than those complying with Section 4.1.1 shall have components of exterior equipment at a rapid rate. In addition
or utilize approved devices that will provide for safe working to complying with Section 8, maintenance contractors hired
procedures in conformance with the provisions of this to inspect, service and maintain equipment on existing
Standard. buildings shall cite conditions of decay within the
installation. Indications of decay shall be brought to the
7.1.3 Sections 7.1.1 and 7.1.2 apply to a dwelling house over attention of building owners or their operating agents and
3 full stories high or occupied by more than 3 families. shall be noted in the log book. Decay to the equipment or itt'
components shall be halted and the equipment restored to 3\,
7.2 Means and Methods like new condition.
7.2.1 Buildings erected or substantially remodeled after the 7.3.2 All aspects of transportable equipment and the
adoption of this Standard shall be equipped with the installation shall be maintained by a qualifled person in strict
appropriate means and methods necessary to comply with the accordance with its vendor's andlor manufacturer's
provisions of this Standard. maintenance frequencies, instructions and guidelines. Log
books shall be established and maintained; one that is on file
7.2.2 Existing buildings without means and methods to at the building for equipment and anchorages dedicated to
safely clean its windows shall be provided with such a system the building and one kept by the window cleaner for his
and/or employ methods complying with the provisions of this transportable equipment, recording each major maintenance
Standard. activity, the date of the maintenance activity, and signature of
the inspector.
7.2.3 Transportable equipment used to access a building's
interior or exterior fa~ade shall be designed and used in 7.3.3 Equipment that is infrequently used (its use cycle
accordance with the requirements of this Standard. exceeds a twelve month period) shall be inspected prior to
use, and any required maintenance shall be completed before
7.2.4 Buildings with an existing window cleaning system the equipment is put into service. Corroded, damaged or
shall provide and maintain means and methods to access its defective equipment including transportable equipment, shall
facade in accordance with the standards in force at the time not be used and immediately removed from service until such
of:the building's original construction and shall provide fall damage or defects are corrected or the affected parts replaced.
protection for window cleaners complying with Section 9.2 of
this Standard.
7.2.5 Buildings with a permanent installation system shall

not have the system diminished unless it has decayed beyond
its ability to be renovated. In such cases an equivalent or
alternate system approved by a registered profeSSional
engineer experienced in such design shall be installed in
18
7.4 Limits for a window to be classified as safe for (b) Components that were originally required to be designed
window cleaning. by a registered professional engineer, which show signs of
wear or distress in the inspection process, shall be reviewed
II 'i~The following limitations on a window will consider it to be by a qualified person to determine whether testing is
~ j
'. ../ safe or unfit for being cleaned by one or more workers. required as a supplement to the visual inspection process. If
testing is deemed necessary, a registered professional
7.4.1 Windows requiring a breakaway* force in the direction engineer shall prescribe a test procedure and shall certify its
of the windows operation or in force applied to a crank, lever results.
or other mechanism in excess of 45 pounds
(20 kg) shall be considered unsafe unless a means is provided (c) Upon completion of the inspection and testing, a
to assist the worker. thorough description of fmdings and/or test results shall be
entered into the equipment's logbook, signed and dated.
7.4.2 Windows requiring an operating force in excess of 35
pounds (16 kg) shall be considered unsafe unless a means is 8.1.1 Newly Installed Equipment
provided to assist the worker.
(a) Before initial use by the wmdow 'c1eaner(s), the following
7.4.3 Any removable window section that weighs in.excess equipment (as provided for a specific building) shall be
of 45 pounds (20 kg) shall require two window cleaners to successfully demonstrated by the vendor with the rated load
handle it. The maximwn weight of any window section to be under the complete range of operation and be so certified in
removed and replaced, as with a side-loaded window, shall be writing:
limited to 80 pounds (36 kg) when the reach distance from 1) permanently installed access platfonn(s) or its supporting
the sill to the window track is less then 12 inches (305 nun). fixtures;
For reach distances over 12 inches (305 mm) the allowable 2) anchorages;
maximum window section weight shall be diminished 3) window cleaner's belt anchors;
proportionally. The maximum reach distance for a 4) fall protection systems;
removable section shall be 24 inches (610 mm). 5) wind sway prot~ction systems.
7.4.4 TUt window sections in excess of 60 pounds (27 kg) (b) Portable support equipment such as davits, outriggers,
shall require two window cleaners to handle it. The parapet clamps, cornicehooks; etc. shall be tested in the shop
:( ,/maximum weight of any window section to be tilted (lowered or on the building's roof. Shop testing shall be performed at
. ' or raised) shall be limited to 100 pounds (45 kg). least 2.5 times the rated load of the apparatUs. Designated
equipment targeted for post-installation testing of such
7.4.5 A window opening shall begin no less then 36 inches equipment shall not exceed twice their rated load. Deflection
(914 rom) above the floor or safe work surface below it and in the equipment's primary support member shall be
when open for cleaning not present an opening in excess of measured during the test and compared to the theoretical
22 square feet (6.7 m) unless it is a double hung tilt in design values at equivalent loading.
window then the opening shall not be in excess of 39 square
feet (12 m). . 8.1.2 Inspection and Re-Testing of Existing Equipment &
Systems
*Note: For the purpose of this Standard, a "breakaway force"
is the initial force required to overcome the effects of weather (a) Before each use, all components of a window cleaning
stripping and seals in the window's design. The direction of equipment support system permanently dedicated to the
the window is the path that the window sash is operable in, building shall be visually inspected by a competent person.
(i.e.; up and down lor a double hung window, in or out for a Any signs of excessive wear, weld or material cracks, bent,
projected window, etc.). Operating force is the exertion distressed or rusted metals, corrosion or abraded fibers shall
required after the breakaway is achieved to operate the be cause for more extensive inspection or testing before
window when the operator (the vertical line from the continued use.
centerline of the operator's feet) is within 12 inches (b) Any missing components shall be documented and the
(305 mm) of the sash or operating device. system shall not be used Wltil such components are replaced
or repaired by the equipment owner. Replacement of parts or
components shall be of like' strength, fInish and durability of
8 INSPECTION AND TESTING that originally provided. A record of all inspections. testing
certifications, modifications and repairs shall be documented
l.1 General Inspections in a dedicated log book.
fl \.a) All aspects of the installation shall be serviced and (c) The certification record shall include the date of the
..../ maintained in strict accordance with its manufacturer's inspection and test and the signature of the inspector.
frequency and instructions and shall be further inspected,
maintained and tested in accordance with Section 7.3.
19
B) if any hoisting machine or initiating device for the

secondary brake is removed from the equipment for testing,
8.1.3 Minimum Inspection and General Testing Criteria all reinstalled and directly related components shall be re-
inspected prior to returning the equipment to service; (
(a) Fall arrest components shall be inspected and tested as C) if adequate tests can not be made in the field or where tHe
prescribed by ANSI Z359;1. hoists are stored, the initiating device may be removed from
(b) Anchorages shall be inspected in accordance with" the equipment and sent to a shop equipped to make such
Section 8. Designated anchorages, targeted for post- tests.
installation testing. shall be tested by applying a minimum
static load of twice the design load in each (primary) 8.104 Inspection and Testing of Window Anchors
direction that a load may be applied. For example,
anchorages designed for a 5000 pound (2268 kg) ultimate (a) Inspection of window anchors, fittings and their
load shall be tested at 2500 poimds (1134 kg). attachments on buildings shall be conducted routinely, at
(c) Wire Rope: Wire rope used for primary or secondary' least annually. Special attention shall be given to older
support rope or wire rope used as a horizontal lifeline shall buildings that still have cast bronze or brass anchors. The
be visually inspected by a qualified person prior to each use. tendency of cast anchors to fail drop tests requires the
Any of the following conditions or combinations of periodic removal of a sampling of these style anchors for
conditions, shall be considered as Significant reason for the their drop testing by qualified persons. '
removal of the rope from service: (b) For each building requiring anchors to be certified as
1) four randomly distributed broken wires in three lays or acceptable, a protocol shall be established for the testing of a
two broken wires in one strand in three lays; representative sampling of each type of anchor installation on
2) distortion of rope structure ,such as would result from each face of the building containing anchors. Only anchors
crushing, kinking or bird-caging; . that conform to the requirements of this Sect,:ion shall be
3) evidence of heat damage; tested. Anchors not conforming to the requirements of this
4) noticeable rusting, corrosion, pitting or more than two Standard shall be considered substandard and shall no longer
broken wires in the vicinity of the end attachments; be used. To pass the testing process, a window anchor must
5) evidence of core failure (lengthening of rope lay and a withstand the drop test specified in Section 10.2.4.
reduction in rope diameter suggests core failure); (c) Window anchors that are to be abandoned for use when
6) more than one valley break (broken wire). A wire break operable windows are permanently sealed or replaced with ('
in the valleys between strands indicates an abnormal fixed windows but are to be reclassified as intermittent
condition, possibly fatigue and breakage of other wires that stabilization anchors shall be tested as follows:
are not visible; 1) A representative sampling of each type of anchor on each
7) reduction from original diameter by more than the face of the building shall be selected and subjected to a pull
follOwing amounts: test of 300 pounds (136 kg) in each outward direction.
A) 1/64 inch (A nun) for 5116 inch (8 mm) diameter rope; 2) Failure of anyone anchor, including bending or loosening
B) 1132 inch (.8 nun) for 3/8 inch (9.5 mm) to and including from its mooring, shall be cause for an increased test
112 inch (13mm) diameter ropes; sampling.
C) 3/64 inch (1.2 mm) for 9/16 inch (14 mm) to and
including 3/4 inch (19 mm) diameter wire ropes.
(d) Powered equipment permanently dedicated to the 9 ANCHORAGES and FALL PROTECTION
building "shall be inspected and tested by a qualified person in
strict accordance with manufacturer's instructions and in 9.1 Design Criteria
accordance with ASME AI20.1. F~g. B-1 Cutaway Anchor
(e) Transportable equipment, particularly powered hOists, 9.1.1 Anchorages shall be capable of
shall be inspected and tested by a qualified person in strict sustaining a 5000 pound (2268 kg) ~
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and as minimum load or a minimum 4-to-l . "
follows: safety factor, whichever is greater, in
1) each day, before initial use, the hoist shall be tested in the any direction that a load may be applied.
lifting direction with the intended load to make certain it has
sufficient capacity to raise and lower the operators plus any 9.1.2, Anchorages, if used for more than one lifeline, shall
additional live load; and have the load factor multiplied by each user.
2) at intervals 'not exceeding one year, special inspections
and tests of the governor and secondary braking system shall 9.1.3 If anchorages are used simultaneously as an
be made as follows: equipment* tie-back and a lifeline anchorage, they shall be ,
A) the inspection and testing shall include a verification that capable of supporting the anchorage load factor multiplied t(
the initiating device for the secondary braking system the combo of the fall arrest load and the tie-back,load. '"
operates at the proper over-speed; (*denotes equipment described in Section 17.5)
20
9.1.4 Anchorages using adhesive fasteners (epoxy anchors)

to a structure shall have a minimum of two fasteners per 9.2 FALL PROTECTION
anchorage.
9.2.1 Perimeter Guarding
.)9.1.5 Anchorages which have a swface permanently
concealed from view shall be made of austenitic steel or shall (a) Perimeter guarding shall consist of a parapet, guardrail
be constructed of other noncorrosive. non-metallic material or combination parapet guardrail system not less than 42
that has the necessary durability to withstand equipment inches (1.1 m)above its adjacent surface and capable of with-
impact loads and physical abrasion. standing a rnini:rrlum lateral force of 50 pounds (23 kg) per
linear foot between any two stanchions (applied at its
9.1.6 Anchorages shall be unobstructed and located behind uppermost elevation) or a minimum of 200 pounds (91 kg) of
and in line with the equipment or portion of the building they lateral force concentrated at any point along its length at its
are intended to service and shall be free of sharp edges that uppermost elevation. Parapets and guardrails which may be
may cause damage to the appurtenances attached to them. subjected to additional loading such as lifellnes, power
cables, etc.• shall be designed to consider these added loads.
9.l.7 When anchorages are used to directly support
suspended equipment, existing roof parapets and guardrails (b) Buildings with taIl parapets, those exceeding 6 feet
subjected to the direct loading of suspension lines shall be (1800 rom) in height. shall have either:
structurally analyzed by a registered professional engineer, 1) a catwalk;
considering these added loads. and verified as to their 2) an inboard mobile access tower; or
capacity. 3) an engineered fall protection or fall arrest system.
Item (2) may be provided by the window-cleaning contractor.
9.1.8 Each anchorage shall be identified in the work plan in Perimeter guarding for permanent roof carriage installations
accordance with Section 1.7. shall be designed in accordance with applicable provisions of
ASME A120.1. Parapets over 48 inches (1200 mm) in
9.1.9 Anchorages shall be inspected annually by a qualified height present a falling hazard to the inboard roof surface as
person. Anchorages shall be re-certified when re-roofmg or fall arrest systems only perform when the fall is away from
renovating (pertinent to the window cleaning system) or at their anchorage or outboard. Care must be exercised to
)eriods not to exceed .1 0 years. The report of this inspection prevent such a fall.
lshall be included in the building's log book. If during the
" anchorage's inspection an area of suspicion is identified. a 9.2.2 Personal Fall Arrest System
test procedure. if necessary. shall be performed under the
approval of a registered professional engineer. (a) All workers shall use a full body harness as a part of their
complete fall arrest system and all components of that fall
9.1.10 Certification and re-certification of anchorages shall arrest system shall comply with ANSI Z359.1 with the
be under the supervision of a registered professional following exceptions:
engineer. 1) window cleaner's belts used during the cleaning of
operable windows.
9.1.11 A horizontal (rope) line may be used as an anchorage (b) In addition to complying with ANSI Z359.1, rope grabs
or may be a fundamental part of a fall arrest system. In all used for fall arrest shall include by design, an anti panic stop
cases. horizontal lines shall be designed by or under the feature.
direct supervision of a registered professional engineer (c) All components of the fall arrest system shall be
experienced in such designs. compatible.
(d) Components of the fall arrest system. subjected to an
(a) Where installed and used as a part of a personal fall impact load shall be immediately removed from service and
arrest system, horizontal lifelines and their anchorages shall shall not be used again for employee protection.
maintain a safety factor of at least 2 over and above the (e) Lifelines shall be protected from contact with any surface
design allowable as prescribed by recognized design that may abrade, sever. weaken or damage it. Ropes shall be
Standards for the chosen material, e.g. the AISC Manual For inspected according to Section 5.7.16(d) and a means shall be
Steel Construction or the Aluminum Association's provided by the employer to identify and log the use of
"Aluminum DeSign Manual" if constructed of aluminum. an
lifelines. The securing of a rope to anchor with a knot is
permitted prOviding the specific knot does not decrease the
(b) On suspended scaffolds or similar work platforms that initial breaking strength of the rope below 5000 pounds
-e supported by 4 independent wire ropes, operators may be (2268 kg) considerihg the operators intended deceleration
ycquipped with and use a horizontal lifeline or retracting and the reduction of tensile strength over the course of daily
- . "lanyards attached to a structural element of the work use.
platform. The platform's attachment point shall be
specifically designed for such loading.
21
Rope shall be removed from service as recommended by the 1) shall be erected around all affected roof work areas at a
manufacturer or if one of the following conditions is evident distance of at least 10 feet (3m) from the roof edge which is
or occurs: parallel to the warning line;
1) braids are cut, or 2) warning lines shall consist of ropes, chains or wires anet
2) excessive abrasion has worn fibers, or supporting stanchions erected as follows: '
3) there is hardness or stiffness, or A) the rope, chain or wire shall be flagged at not more than
4) dirt or grit has clogged fibers, or 6 foot (1800 mm) intervals with high-visibility material;
5) rust, tar or grease is present, or B) the rope, chain or wire shall be rigged and supported in
6) line size has been reduced, or such a way its lowest point (including sag) is no less than 34
7) subjected to a shock load, or inches (864 mm) from the walking/ working surface and its
8) exposure to chemicals that affect their strength, or highest point is no more than 39 inches (1 m) from the
9) exposure to excessive ultra violet degradation. walking! working surface; .
C) after being erected, with rope, wire or chain attached,
(f) Personal fall arrest systems shall not be attached to stanchions shall be capable of resisting, without tipping over,
guardrail systems, nor shall they be attached to hoists. a force of at least 16 pounds (7.25 kg) applied horizontally
(g) Personal fall arrest systems, when stopping a fall shall: against the stanchion, 30 inches (762 rom) above the
1) limit maximum arresting force on an employee to 1800 walking/ working surface, perpendicular to the warning line,
pounds (8 kN) when used with a body harness; and in direction of the floor, roof or platform edge;
2) be rigged such that an employee can neither free fall more D) the rope, wire or chain shall have a minimum tensile
than 6 feet (1800 mm), nor contact any lower level; strength of 500 pounds (227 }.(g) and after being attached to
3) bring an employee to a complete stop and limit maximum the stanchions shall be capable of supporting without
deceleration travel distance of an employee to 42 inches breaking, the loads applied to the stanchions as prescribed in
(1067 mm); para. 9.2.4 (2)(C) of this Section;
4) have sufficient strength to withstand twice the potential E) the line shall be attached at each stanchion in such a way
impact energy of an employee free falling a distance of 6 feet that pulling on one section of the line between stanchions
(1800 mm), or the free fall distance permitted by the system, will not result in slack being taken up in adjacent sections
whichever is less. before the stanchion tips over.
(h) Anchorages used as a part of the personal fall arrest 3) no employee shall be allowed in the area between a roof
system shall comply with Section 9. edge and a warning line unless the employee is equipped ('.
with a complete fall arrest system. .
9.2.3 Personal Fall Restraint System
(a) Positioning devices shall be rigged such that an employee 10 EQllPMENT DESIGN REQllREMENTS
cannot free fall ~ore than 24 inches (610 rom).
10.1 Ladders
(b) Positioning devices shall be secured to an anchorage
capable of supporting at least twice the potential impact load 10.1.1 Wood ladders shall comply with ANSI AI4.1. Wood
of an employee's fall or 3,000 pounds (13.3 kN), whichever is ladders shall not be painted with other than a transparent
greater. material.
(c) Connectors shall be drop forged, pressed or formed steel, 10.1.2 Metal ladders shall meet the requirements of ANSI A
or made of equivalent materials. 14.2.
(d) Connectors shall have a corrosion resistant fInish and all 10.1.3 Reinforced plastic ladders shall meet the
surfaces and edges shall be smooth to prevent damage to requirements of ANSI A 14.5.
interfacing parts of this system.
(d) Positioning devices shall be inspected prior to each use 10.2 Window Cleaner's Belts and Anchors
for wear, damage and other deterioration, and defective
components shall be removed from service. Operable Windows: Retrofit a Window Cleaner's Anchor
(BEL1) System
9.2.4 . Warning Line System
10.2.1 Window anchors shall be installed, conforming to this
(a) Warning line systems, used as a physical barrier to keep Standard, if it is necessary for the window cleaner to work .
workers outside a fall hazard zone, shall comply with the from outside the building more than 48 inches (1200 mm) (
following provisions: above grade, or to work from the inside where the window\.·
opening is of such size that the window cleaner. could fall
through the open window, or prOvisions shall be made for
22
window cleaning by use of other means and methods as manufactured subsequently shall be monitored to ensure
specified in .subsequent sections of this Standard. An compliance with the Standard.
installed anchor shall not be used for any purpose other than Such monitoring shall include but not be limited to,
{. )attachment of an accepted window cleaner's belt. chemical and physical testing of the materials by the stainless
steel producer's laboratory, drop testing by the anchor
10.2.2 Window Anchor Design manufacturer and, as necessary, testing by a disinterested
testing laboratory.
(a) Anchors shall be designed for attachment to window (c) All window anchors shall bear a name or a trade mark
frames, mullions and/or components of the structure capable which shall readily identify their manufacturer.
of withstanding the loads by the window cleaning anchors. (d) All window anchors and anchor fittings as a unit shall be
Anchors shall have at least two bolts or machine screws capable of withstanding:
when said anchor head(s) are not of one-piece design with 1) a tension pull of 6000 pound (2722 kg) without fracture.
the bolt forged as part of the anchor assembly. Both anchors This tension is to be applied through a belt terminal in the
and bolts shall be machined or forged from bar stock and direction in which the anchor must withstand loading in
treated when required to meet or exceed the required physical service if a person should fall;
and chemical properties as per Section 10.2.3. Cast anchors 2) a drop test, with a 250 pound (113 kg) rigid weight,
shall be prohibited, as are the use of eyebolts, mortar hooks falling a distance of 48 inches (1200 rom) without fracture.
and lag screws. The connection between the weight and the anchor shall be
3/8 inch (9.5mm) wire rope, 6 ft (1800 mm) long
(b) Anchor bodies shall be 7/16 inch (11 mm) ± 1/64 inch Fig. B-2 Single Head and Double Head Anchors
(.4 mm) in diameter and the head shall be 3/4 inch (19 nun)
,_"'---
......
± 1/64 inch (.4 nun) across the flat and not less than 5/16
'J"~.II1U'
inch (8 mm) thick, and if double headed. so designed and
• I
spaced that it will be impossible to attach the window

cleaner's terminal to a single head. I
I.
•
:j:n
--- --r .
• 'I tJu..
(c) Forgings for anchors or bolts shall have 1/8 inch (3.18 ...
r. ....... .,.....
Mdft ......, ....
mm) radius fillet at each place where the diameters or other
dimensions change.
I
(d) The space between the anchor head and the flange shall
not be less than 1/2 in. (13mm) or more than 7/8 in. (22nun)
10.2.3 Anchor Material Specifications
(a) Metals used in the manufacture of anchors and anchor

fittings shall be corrosion resistant materials and shall have
an ultimate tensile strength of not less than 55,000 psi
(3516 kg/cm) with an elongation of at least 25% in 2 inches
(51 mm). Metals that have been shown to be satisfactory are
stainless steel: UNS Type 304; SAE Type 30304; UNS Type
316; ASTM-A3414 Types 304 and 316.
(b) Machined fastenings and other fittings shall be of the

same material as the forgings to which they are attached.
10.2.4 Acceptance Requirements for Belt Anchors and

Anchor Fittings between the ends of its terminal eye splices, with metal
(a) Only accepted anchors and fittings shall be used. thimbles. One eye splice is to be through a standard belt
(b) PrototYPe anchors and fittings shall be tested as specified terminal that connects to the anchor.
in (d) below. Such tests shall be performed by a recognized (e) Window anchors which have been subjected to acceptance
testing laboratory. The laboratory report shall include a tests shall not be used for any purpose except as exhibits for
detailed description of the test sample, test procedure. and the educational purposes.
'est results. The sample shall constitute 1% of the lot, but not
1~ess than two anchors. A copy of the report shall be made 10.2.5 Fastening Anchors: Window anchors shall be
.. / available to any authority having jurisdiction over the use of securely fastened to the window frame or mullion at not less
window anchors. TIlls paragraph pertains to new or than 42 inches (1067 nun) nor more than 51 inches (1295
prototype anchors of manufacturers. However, all anchors mm) above the windowsill.
23
through existing or new masonry concrete walls when the

(a) In wood construction, when the anchor and bolt are walls are of solid construction and reinforced to support the
forged as one piece, such anchors may be used in single or ' load imposed by the addition of window cleaner anchor bol~~
double configurations when provided with a front collar to Bolts shall pass through at least 7 112 inches (191 mm) of (
prohibit anchor rotation and a rear flat washer of at least solid wall and be at least 8 inches (203 mm) long with a "
twice the diameter of the bolt with a lock washer and nut. stainless steel backup plate at least 3 1/2 inches (89 mm)
The bolt shall be a minimum of 3/8 inch (9.5 nun) in' squared and 12 gauge in thickness. Bolts shall have lock
diameter and shall pass through a solid section of the window washers and nuts with any exposed thread cut off and upset
construction. The drilled hole shall be no more than 1116 to prohibit loosening or removal of nut. ' Anchors may be '
inch (1.59 mm) larger than the bolt, and any excess bolt installed into new, poured concrete construction provided that
thread shall be cut off and the thread peened over or upset to the bolt goes at least 4 inches (102 mm) into the concrete and
prohibit the nut from loosening or being removed. When that they have either a 2 inch (51 mm) right angle or hook
anchors are employed with separate bolt(s), the preceding bend on the bolt{s), or a stainless steel plate of at least 12
conditions will apply, provided that either two machine or inches (305 mm) sq. and 12 gauge in thickness as part of the
carriage bolts are employed or certain special anchor types anchor. Any of the above concrete anchorage methods shall
have one bolt with screws to prohibit anchor movement. All be located behind the reinforcing steel bars.
anchors and hardware shall comply with paragraph 10.2.3.
10.2.6 Condition of Window Frames: All window frames to
(b) In solid or hollow ferrous metal frame construction, the which anchors are attached shall be in sound condition and
anchors shall be attached by two 3/8 inch (9.5 mm) diameter shall be securely fastened in place.
bolts which shall pass through the face of the frame and
through a minimwn 3/8 inch (9.5 nun) thick by 3/4 inch (19 10.2.7 Test for Total Installation: The manufacturer of any
mm) wide steel reinforcing backup bar with a noncorrosive prefabricated window unit intended for installation in new
coating applied after fabrication, extending from 5 inches construction or remodeling shall, when requested, submit
(127 mm) above the upper bolt to 2 inches (51mm) below the evidence satisfactory to the authority having jurisdiction that
lower one. The bolts shall be secured by means of nuts the complete installation including anchors has successfully
tightened to the torque specified by the bolt manufacturer or withstood the drop test specified in Section 10.2.4(d) without
secured by other means. Where it is impractical to provide failure of the frame at the point of attachment of the anchors
nuts, the reinforcing bar may be tapped to receive the 3/8 and without detachment of the window unit from its /
inch (9.5 mm) bolts which must pass completely through the attachments to the building or curtain wall section(s). (
bar with a minimwn of two threads extending beyond and be
tightened to the torque specified by the bolt manufacturer. 10.2.8 Replacement Due to Impact: When an anchor is
subject to an impact such as the falling of a person engaged
(c) In solid or hollow bronze and aluminum frames, the in window cleaning, the anchor should be replaced and the
backup bars, in addition to a non corrosive fmish shall be window or building component should be examined for
electrolytically compatible with the adjacent metals and possible structural damage and if required, corrected.
building components. A plastic gasket shall be placed
between the anchor and the frame metal as a means of 10.2.9 A window cleaner's belt shall Fig. B-3 Window Cleaner's
Belt
preventing electrolytic action between metals, or another be made of material that will'meet the
~
method accepted by the enforcing authority having requifements in (a) through (d).
jarl..sdiction, may be used. The installation sh~ 11 ot.herwi..se
comply with the provisions of (b) above. (a) All "soft goods" material shall be
either all synthetic (nylon, etc.) or synthetic and natural
(d) Window anchor fittings having a single threaded section fibers (cotton, leather, etc.) prOviding that the natural fibers
and screwed into the backup bar shall not be acceptable. will not be used as a support component of the belt but only
for comfort (as padding) and/or ease of use. Support
(e) The threads of all screws or bolts used in the installation hardware (terminals, buckles, etc.) shall be of materials
of anchors shall terminate far enough from the head to conforming to Section 10.2.5. Other hardware such as
prevent weakening due to undercutting. terminals, keepers, etc., shall be of a non-corrosive alloy.
(f) Clearance shall be attained by having the center line of (b) The body of the belt shall not be less than 3 inches (76
the anchor at least 1 inch (25.4 mm) from obstructions at mm) nor more than 4 inches (102 mm) wide or, if the load
either side which might interfere with engagement of a belt bearing member is narrower, the belt should be designed so
terminal. Obstructions shall not be allowed within 5 inches that it shall include a body pad not less than 3 inches (76
(127 mm) above or below an anchor. mm) nor more than 4 inches (102 mm) wide to provide a
reasonable distribution of stress across the window cleaner's
(g) Window anchors shall not be installed into existing back. Leather belts shall be reinforced with nylon webbing.
masonry or concrete walls. Anchors may be installed
24
(c) The maximum permissible length of a runner on a 10.2.11 Acceptance Requirements for Belts, Fittings. and
window cleaner's belt shall be 8 feet (2.4 m) from terminal Terminals
tip to tenninal tip, unless variances are granted by local
Jenforcing agencies. (a) Only compatible belts, fittings. and tenninals shall be
J
used.
(d) The belt shall limit the force of a person falling on either
one or the other terminal, with the other hanging free. to an (b) The complete belt shall withstand a drop test consisting
initial impact of not more than 2000 pounds (907 kg) for not of a 250 pound (113 kg) weight falling free for a distance of
more than 2 minutes, followed by a force not exceeding 1000 6 feet (1800 rom). The weight shall be a rigid object of
pounds (454 kg) for the prescribed stopping distance. between 36 inches (914 mrn) and 42 inches (1066 rom) in
girth and weighing 250 pounds (113 kg). The weight shall
10.2.10 Terminal Design be placed in the waistband with the belt buckle drawn firmly
against the weight. as when the belt is worn by a window
(a) Tenninals shall have a slot 112 inch (13 nun) long ± 1132 cleaner. One belt terminal shall be attached to a rigid anchor
inch (.8 nun) wide by 4 inches (102 rom) long and a recess and the other terminal shall hang free. The terminals shall
for the anchor head which shall be 1 inch + 1/16 inch (27 be adjusted to their maximum span. The weight fastened in
rom) wide. The design of the belt shall also include a safety the freely suspended belt shall be lifted exactly 6 feet (1800
catch or keeper which shall automatically pennit engagement rom) above its "at resf' position and released so as to permit a
of the terminal on the anchor. but shall require positive free fall of 6 feet (1800 mrn) vertically below the point of
manual opening before it is disengaged from the anchor attaclunent of the terminal to the anchor. The belt assembly
head. shall be equipped with some fonn of recording strain gauge
capable of measuring the stress versus time relationship as
(b) Terrnirials and fittings which are subject to stress during required by Section 10.2.9{d);·
use shall be drop forged from any of the materials specified
for anchors in Section 10.2.3{a). (c) The test criteria for (b) above shall be as follows:
1) there shall be no failure of any part of the belt or its
(c) The "spreading" or "squeezing" of terminals is fittings;
prohibited. 2) there shall be no slippage of the buckle on the waistband
,g. B-4 Terminal Design for Window Cleaners' Belt
in excess of 114 inch (6.4 nun) from the marked position in
,./ which it was originally placed. The mark shall be placed on
the tail where it comes through the waistband buckle;
3) the force versus time relationship shall be as specified in
Section 10.2.9 (d);
4) the fmal "at rest" point shall not be more than 48 inches
(1200 rom) below the original "at rest" position.
(d) Belts which have been subjected to strength tests shall

not be used for any other purpose except as exhibits for
educational purposes.
(e) All accepted belts shall bear an identification mark either

indelibly printed into the belt or permanently printed or
stamped or woven on a permanently attached tag or label
which shall identify the manufacturer, the date of the most
recent repair, and any acceptance identification number
required by the enforcing authority. The same
tagllabe]Jidentification shall also include the following
statement permanently and prominently displayed:
" The use of this belt and the anchorage it is attached to shall
be in accordance with this Standard andlor any Federal.
State, and local codes. IMPROPER USE IS DANGEROUS
AND MAY RESULT IN DEATH OR INJURY. Belts and
anchorage shall be inspected before each use. Do not remove
or deface any label or markings on this belt".
(f) Harnesses incorporated into the design of the belt may be

used if they meet all the criteria of this Section and if they
25
WINDOW CLEANING SAFETY ANSIIIWCA 1~14.1
use the same tenninal and fitting design. All harnesses or 11.1.9 The maximum work level height shall not exceed
harness belt designs must pass the tests described herein. four (4) times the minimum or least base dimensions of any
mobile ladder stand or scaffold. Where the basic mobile uni
11 Aerial Work Platforms (Vehicle Mounted and does not meet this requirement, suitable outrigger frames (
Manually Propelled) shall be employed to achieve this least base dimension, or .
prOvisions shill be made to guy or brace the unit against
11.1 Specifications tipping.
11.1.1 Work platforms and scaffolds shall Fig. B-5 Tower 11.1.10 The minimum platfonn width.for any work level
Scaffold
be capable of carrying the design load under shall not be less than 20 inches (508 mm) for mobile
varying circumstances depending upon the scaffolds (towers). Ladder stands shall have a minimum step
conditions of use. Therefore, all parts and width of 16 inches (406 mm). .
appurtenances necessary for their safe and
efficient utilization must be integral parts of 11.1.11 The supporting structure for the work level shall be
the design. rigidly braced, using adequate cross bracing or diagonal
braCing with rigid platforms at each work level.
11.1.2 Specific design and construction
requirements ate not a part of this section 11.1.12 The steps of ladder stands shall be fabricated with
because of the wide variety of materials and slip resistant treads.
design possibilities. However, the design
shall be such as to produce a mobile ladder 11.1.13 The work level platfonn of scaffolds (towers) shall
stand or scaffold that will safely sustain the specified loads. be of wood, aluminum or plywood planking, steel or
The material selected shall be of sufficient strength to meet expanded metal for the full width of the scaffold. except for
the test requirements and shall be protected against corrosion necessary openings. Work platforms shall be secured in
or deterioration. place. All planking shall be 2-iilches (51 mm) (nominal)
scaffold grade minimum 1,500 f. (stress grade) construction
11.1.3 The design working load of ladder stands shall be grade lumber or equivalent.
calculated on the basis of one or more 200 pound (91 kg)
persons together with 50 pounds (23 kg) of equipment each. 11.1.14 All scaffold work levels 10 feet (3 m) or higher
above the ground or floor shall have a standard (4 inches
11.1.4 The design load of all scaffolds shall be calculated on [102 mmJ nominal) toeboard. All work levels 10 feet (3 m) or
the basis of: higher above the ground or floor shall have a guardrail of 2
a) light- designed and constructed to carry a working load of by 4-inches {51 by 102 mm} nominal or the equivalent
25 pounds (11.5 kg) per square foot; installed no less than 36 inches {914 mm} or more than 42
b) medium- designed and constructed to carry a working inches (1067 mm) high with a mid-rail when required, of 1
load of 50 pounds (23 kg) per square foot; by 4 inches (25.4 by 102 mm) nominal lumber or equivalent.
c) heavy- designed and constructed to carry a working load
of 75 pounds (34 kg) per square foot. 11.1.15 A climbing ladder or stairway shall be prOVided for
proper access and egress. and shall be affixed or built into the
11.1.5 All ladder stands and scaffolds shall be capable of scaffold and so located that its use will not have a tendency to
supporting at least four times the design working load. tip the scaffold. A landing platform shall be provided at
intervals not to exceed 30 feet (9.1 m).
11.1.6 The materials used in mobile ladder stands and
scaffolds shall be of standard manufacture and conform to 11.1.16 Wheels or casters shall be properly designed for
standard specifications of strength, dimensions, and weights strength and dimensions to support four (4) times the design
and shall be selected to safely support the design working working load.
load.
11.1.17 All scaffold casters shall be provided with a positive
11.1.7 Nails, bolts or other fasteners used in the construction wheel andlor swivel lock to prevent movement. At least 2 of
of ladders, scaffolds and towers shall be of adequate size and the wheels on the ladder stand shall be of the swivel type.
in sufficient numbers at each connection to develop the
designed strength of the unit. Nails shall be driven full 11.1.18 Where leveling of the elevated work platform is
length. (All nails should be immediately withdrawn from required, screw jacks or other suitable means for adjusting
dismantled lumber.) the height shall be provided in the base section of each
mobile u n i t . '
11.1.8 All exposed surfaces shall be free from sharp edges,
burrs or other safety hazards.
26
COPYRIGHT LAWS PROHIBIT REPRODUCING THIS DOCUMF:NT
WINDOW CLEANING SAFETY ANSIIIYVCA 1-14.1
11.2 Mobile tubular welded frame scaffold (1400 rom). The maximum length of a sectional folding
ladder scaffold shall not exceed 6 feet 6 inches (2 m) for a
11.2 .1 Units shall be designed to comply with the 6 foot (1800 mm) long unit, Sfeet 6 inches (2.6 m) for an
'))requirements noted in Section 11.1. 8 foot (2.4 m) unit or 10 feet 6 inches (3.2 m) fot a ten-foot
l (3 m) long unit.
11.2.2 Scaffolds shall be properly braced by cross braces
and/or diagonal braces for securing vertical members 11.3.6 The end frames of sectional ladder and stairway
together laterally. The cross braces shall be of a length that scaffolds shall be designed so that the horizontal be·arers
will automatically square and align vertical members so the . provide supports for multiple planking levels.
erected scaffold is always plumb, square and rigid.
11.3.7 Only the manufacturer of the scaffold or his qualified
11.2.3 Spacing of panels or frames shall be consistent with designated agent shall be permitted to erect or supervise the
the loads imposed. The frames shall be placed one on top of erection of scaffolds exceeding 50 feet (15.2 m) in height
the other with coupling or stacking pins to provide proper above the base. unless such structure is approved in writing
vertical alignment of the legs. by a registered profeSSional engineer, or erected in
accordance with instructions furnished by the manufacturer.
11.2.4 Where uplift may occur, panels shall be locked
together vertically· by pins or other equivalent means. 11.4 Mobile tube and coupler scaffolds
11.2.5 Only the· manufacturer of a scaffold or his qualified 11.4.1 Units shall be designed to comply with the
designated agent shall be permitted to erect or supervise the requirements noted in Section 11.1.
erection of scaffolds exceeding 50 feet (15.2 m) in height
above the base unless such structure is approved in writing by 11.4.2 The material used for" the couplers shall be of a
a registered professional engineer or erected in accordance structural type such as a drop-forged steel, malleable iron or
with instructions furnished by the manufacturer. structural grade aluminum. The use of gray cast iron is
prohibited.
11.3 Mobile tubular welded sectional folding scaffolds
11.4.3 Only the manufacturer of the scaffold or his qualified
11.3.1 Units shall be designed to comply with the deSignated agent shall be permitted to erect· or supervise the
Irequirements noted in Section 11.1. erection of scaffolds exceeding 50 feet (I5.2m) in height
,....J'
above the base unless such structure is approved in writing by
11.3.2 An integral stairway and work platform shall be a registered professional engineer or erected in accordance
incorporated into the structure of each sectional folding with instructions furnished by the manufacturer.
stairway scaffold.
11.5 Mobile work platforms
11.3.3 An integral set of pivoting and hinged folding
diagonal and horizontal braces and a detachable work 11.5.1 Units shall be designed to comply with the
platform shall be incorporated into the structure of each requirements noted in Section 11.1.
sectional folding ladder scaffold.
11.5.2 The minimum width of the base of mobile work
11.3.4 Sectional folding stairway scaffolds shall be designed platfonns shall not be less than 20 inches (508 mm).
as medium duty scaffolds except for high clearance. These
special base sections shall be designed as light duty scaffolds. 11.5.3 Adequate rigid diagonal bracing to vertical members
When upper sectional folding stairway scaffolds are used shall be provided.
with a special high clearance base. the load capacity of the
entire scaffold shall be reduced accordingly. The width of a 11.6 Mobile ladder stands
sectional folding stairway scaffold shall not exceed 54 inches
(1400 mm). The maximum length of a sectional folding 11.6.1 Units shall be designed to comply with the
stairway scaffold shall not exceed 6 feet (1800 mm). requirements noted in Section 11.1.
11.3.5 Sectional folding ladder scaffolds shall be designed as 11.6.2 The minimum base width shall confonn to Section
light duty scaffolds including special base (open end) sections 11.1. The maximum length of the base section shall be the
which are designed for high clearance. For certain special total length of combined steps and top assembly, measured
'Jplications the 6 foot (1800 mm) folding ladder scaffolds, horizontally. plus 5/8 inch (16 mm) per step of rise.
i..:xcept for special high clearance base sections, shall be
." f designed for use as medium duty scaffolds. The width of a 11.6.3 Steps shall be unifonnly spaced and sloped with a rise
sectional folding ladder scaffold shall not exceed 54 inches of not less than nine (9) inches (229 mm) nor more than ten
(10) inches (254 mrn) and a depth of not less than seven (7)
27
inches (178 mm). The slope of the steps section shall be a 11.7.4 Self-Propelled Elevating Work Platforms shall
minimum of fifty-five (55) degrees and a maximum of sixty comply with ANSIISIA A92.6
(60) degrees measured from the horizontal.
Flg. B-3 SelI-PropeUed ElevaUng Work Platforms
11.6.4 Units having more than five (5) steps or 60 inches
(1500 nun) vertical height to the top step shall be equipped
with handrails.
11.6.5 Handrails shall be a minimum of 29 inches (737mrn)

high. Measurements shall be taken vertically from the center
of the step.
11.6.6 The load shall be applied uniformly to a 3 1/2 inches

(89 mrn) wide area front to back at the center of the width
span with a safety factor of four (4).
11.7 Aerial Mobile Platforms
11.7.1 Vehicle-Mounted Elevating and Rotating Aerial

Devices shall comply with ANSIISIA A92-2
11.7.2 Manually Propelled Elevating Aerial Platforms

shall comply with ANSI/SIA A92.3
Flgt. B-6 MobUe Work Platforms
12.1 Manual Swinging Scaffolds
12.1 Specifications
12.1.1 Swinging scaffolds and their components shall be ( j

capable of supporting without failure at least 4 times the tota:t
suspended load for which they are intended.
12.1.2 Manual swinging scaffolds shall not be less than 20

inches (508 mrn) or more than 30 inches (762 mrn) wide.
Hangers or stirrups shall be of a wi;dth to fit the platform.
The platform shall be securely fastened to the hangers by U-
bolts passed around the hangers and bolted up tightly or by
other equivalent means. Stirrups or hangers shall be of mild
steel or material of equivalent strength and shall be placed
between 6 Lrlches (152 IIlm) and 18 inches (457 nun) from
the end of the stringers. Each hanger shall be provided with
an eye to receive the tackle hooks and be provided with a ,
means to receive a guardrail, a midrail and a toeboard.
Center irons or .other supports shall be provided to support
the guardrail, the midrail and the toeboard at intervals of not
more than 8 feet (2.4 m).
12.1.3 Guardrails and toeboards shall be provided at the

outside of every manual scaffold. The guardrail shall not be
less than 42 inches (1067 mm) or more than 45 inches (1143
mm) above the platform with a midrail between the guardrail
and the work platform. A toeboard not less than 3.5 inches
(89 mm) shall be provided on the outer edge of the platform.
I
12.1.4 Suspension ropes shall be made from galvanized or\. "
stainless steel wire or of synthetic fibers and shall be of one
continuous length. Suspension rope attachments shall be a
thimble-and-eye splices, ferrules or means which have been
28
proven to provide equivalent strength. No wire rope shall be 13 Boatswain's Chair

bent on a radius of less than eight times its diameter and no
fiber rope shall be bent on a radius of less than two times its 13.1 Specifications
Fig. B-9 Block & Tackle
;ldiameter except when passing through a positioning device
Ythat is in confonnance with this Standard. AIl ropes shall be 13.1.1 Each chair shall be
protected from contact with any surface that may abrade, suspended from its four comers by
sever or produce heat or extreme cold that could damage it. means of rope slings. It shall have
Wire ropes shall not be used as a conduit for electricity a soft wood seat 24 inches
including a welding ground. (610 mm) long and approximately
11 inches (280 mm) Wide by 1 112
12.1.5 Fiber ropes shall: inches (38.4 mm) thick. If made of
a) be inspected, used and stored in accordance with the hard wood, oak or ash, it may be 1
requirements of this Standard; 118 inches (28.6 mm) thick. Any
b) have a minimum breaking strength of 5400 pounds (2450 finish or covering on the wood
kg) or a twenty to one safety factor, whichever is greater, at product shall be transparent.
all times during its usage;
c) be the correct diameter for the blocks being used. 13.1.2 The seat may be constructed of material other than
wood provided the material is equivalent in strength to 1 112
12.1.6 Steel ropes shall: inches (38.4 mm) soft wood or 1 118 inches (28.4 mm) oak or
a) be inspected, used and stored in accordance with the ash. If constructed of material of equivalent strength, cleats
requirements of this Standard; across the full width of the seat shall be provided unless
b) have a minimuIn tensile strength of 8800 pounds analysis indicates they are not necessary.
(3993 kg) or a ten to one safety factor, whichever is greater.
13.1.3 A rope or "strapguard" shall be provided across the
12.1.7 Blocks shall be compatible with the suspension rope front and rear 18 inches (457 mm) above the seat.
and shall have a minimum pulley or sheave diameter of four
times the rope's diameter. 13.1.4 Other designs and constructions may be substituted if
they can be demonstrated to provide equal safety and
2.1.8 Where a manual hoist is used, it shall be of an strength.
/accepted design and shall be provided with a secondary brake
complying with the UL 1323 Standard. If a block and tackle 13.2 Roof Anchorages
hoist is used, it shall be a unit which automatically maintains
an elevation when the force to raise or lower the unit is not 13.2.1 When manual swinging scaffold and boatswain's
applied. There shall be no creep. Tackle components shall chairs are used for window cleaning, building owners shall
have a minimum rated strength of 5000 pounds (2268 kg). provide anchorages conforming to Sections 9 and 17 of this
Tying of knots, half hitches, bends, etc., shall not be allowed Standard. All anchorages shall be designed, installed and
in any block and tackle suspension device to maintaiD an located under the supervision of a registered professional
elevation. engineer. Window cleaners are not permitted to use
anchorages for any other purpose than the one identified in
12.1.9 Steel ropes shall only be used with a hoisting drum. the plan of maintenance for the building. Stringing rope
Drum hoists shall be of an accepted design and a pawl shall between anchorages shall be in accordance with Sections 9
be provided to engage a ratchet on the winding drum and 17.1.4 and included in the work plan as described in
completely. In addition to the pawl, there shall be provided a Section 1.7..
secondary locking device to hold the platform at any level. A
. positive crank force is required to lower the hoist. Where a 13.2.2 An anchorage used for a personal fall arrest system
hoist other than a drum hoist is used, it shall be of an shall be independent from the anchorage used for the
accepted design and provided with a secondary brake. suspension system. Fall arrest anchorages shall be provided
by the building owner and comply with Sections 9 and 17 of
this Standard.
29
14 Rope Descent Systems (RDS) 14.3 Seatboards

/
. 14.1 Specifications 14.3.1 Seatboards shall be: (

a) made of wood or other suitable materials;
14.1.1 Rope descent systems may Fig. B-1O Rope Descent System b) reinforced with a metal strap or cleat;
be used as a substitute to the means c) capable of supporting a live load of at least 300 pounds
and methods originally designed . (136 kg);
into the building or structure to d) at least 24 inches (610 min) long and approximately 11
perform window cleaning only inches (280 mm) wide by 1 118 inches (28.6mm) thick (for
when the design of the building or wood seats of oak or ash). Any fInish or covering on the
structure will safely support the use wood product shall be transparent. All rope and webbing
of the system in accordance with used in suspending the seatboard shall be of synthetic fIber,
Section 7.2.6, and the components preferably nylon or polyester, that has a rated miJ;limum
of the support system comply with strength of 5000 pounds (2268 kg).
Section 9 and 16 of this Standard.
14.3.2 Water buckets shall be securely attached to the
14.1.2 The components of a RDS shall include: seatboard in such a manner that the buckets will not fall.
a} suspension devices;
b} certified roof anchorage(s); 14.4 Carabiners
c} primary support rope(s) or line{s};
d) the descent device; 14.4.1 All carabiners used in a rope descent system shall be
e} carabiner(s} or shaclde(s); of manual or auto-locking design.
1) a seatboard.
14.4.2 Carabiners shall not be used for any purpose other
14.1.3 Individual components of a RDS without specific than connecting hardware or attaching descent and lifelines
instructions for their use shall be prohibited. to anchorages.
14.1.4 All components of a RDS shall be compatible and 14.5 Static Lines and Rope
each component, except the seatboard, shall have a minimum (
rated strength of 5000 pounds (2268 kg). , 14.5.1 Specifications
(a) All ropes shall be no less than 7/16th inch (11 mm) in
14.1.5 Descent Device: The system's descent device controls diameter and shall maintain a minimum strength of 5000
the downward movement of the operator, Flg;B-ll pounds (2268 kg) if knots are used to attach the rope to a roof
Descent
deriving its control capability by frictional Device (Rack) support or anchorage.
forces developed when line(s} pass over :~:: '. : (b) Ropes that have formed eyes for end attachment shall
and/or around and/or through fIxed members have a minimum strength of 5000 pounds (2268 kg)
of the descent device. When in use, descent (c) The working line{s) shall be the proper size to pass over
devices shall maintain a given elevation under and/or around the fixed members of the descent device body
load when a positive action is applied. as recommended by the device manufacturer.
(d) Solid braided rope shall have no less than 20 carrier
14.1.6 Descent devices whose design and construction.
manufacturer do not specifically include window cleaning (e) When double braided ken:unantle rope is used, it shall be
activity shall be prohibited for use during window cleaning. static.
14.2 Design and Testing 14.5.2 No rope used in a rope descent system shall stretch
further than 10 per cent of its manufactured length when a
14.2.1 Descent devices shall apply a loaded frictional force live load is applied.
to the line{s) by wraps, turns or direct pressure to compensate
for the static loads and dynamic loads applied by the user. 14.5.3 Ropes made entirely of polypropylene are prohibited.
14.2.2 Manufacturers providing descent devices for window 14.5.4 Ropes shall be permanently marked or tagged with:
cleaning shall proof load test 100% of all such devices at a length and diameter, date of manufacture and date placed in
static load of 3600 pounds {1633 kg} without visual evidence service.
of cracking. breaking or pennanent deformation.
14.5.5 All ropes shall be protected from contact with any
surface that may abrade, sever, weaken or damage it.
30
14.5.6 Ropes shall be inspected accorcfuig to Section 5.7.16 extremes. With the exception of powered boatswain's ch3.irs,
and a means shall be provided by the employer to identify the platforms shall be a minimum of 20 inches (508 mrn) wide.
use of descent lines and lifelines. When the suspension points on a multiple support scaffold
~
are not at the unit's ends, the unit shall be designed to be
}14.5.7 Rope shall be remov~ from service as recommended continuously stable with a factor of 1-112 to 1 against
by the manufacturer or if one of the following conditions is upsetting under all conditions of use.
evident or occurs:
a) braids are cut; 15.1.3 The design requirements for all scaffold components,
b) excessive abrasion has worn fibers; excluding wire rope, shall be based on the limitations (stress,
c) there is hardness or stiffness; deflections, etc.) established by nationally recognized
d) dirt-or grit has clogged fibers; standards. The deflections of all structural components and
e) rust, tar or grease is present; connections shall be limited so as to not adversely affect the
f) line size has been reduced; safe operation of any portion of the equipment.
g) subjected to a shock load;
h) exposure to chemicals that affect their strength; 15.1.4 Wire rope shall be designed and constructed in,
i) exposure to excessive ultra violet degradation; accordance with para. 15.1.8 below. The scaffolding's
j) working lines that have been subjected to a rapid descent powered hoist motor(s) shall comply with ASME AI20.1,
by an employee. paragraph 3.6, "Hoisting Machines" and shall be listed
(rated) in accordance with UL 1323. Scaffold Hoists.
14.6 Roof Anchorages
15.2 Fall Protection
"14.6.1 When a rope descent system is used for window
cleaning; building owners shall provide anchorages 15.2.1 Occupants of powered platforms shall have means to
conforming to Sections 9 and 17 of this Standard. All prevent them from falling more than 6 feet (1800 mrn) in the
anchorages shall be designed, installed and located under the event one or more suspension point fails. When operating a
supervision of a registered professional engineer. Window platform suspended from a single point system with two wire
cleaners are not pennitted to use anchorages for any other rope support, means shall be provided for an independent
purpose than the one identified in the plan of maintenance vertical lifeline attached to a certified anchorage on the roof
eor the building. Stringing wire rope between anchorages unless:
( lshall be in accordance with Sections 9 and 17.1.4 and the a) provisions are made, complying with a through d, below;
"I> engineered design included in the work plan in accordance b) an overhead obstruction exists as stated in Section
with Section 1.7. 15.2.2 c).
14.6.2 The anchorages used for personal fall arrest systems 15.2.2 When operating a platform suspended from a two
shall be independent of anchorages used for the suspension point system with two wire rope support, means shall be
system. Fall arrest anchorages shall be provided by the provided for an independent vertical lifeline attached to a
building owner and comply with Sections 9 and 17 of this certified anchorage on the roof. When operating a platform
Standard. suspended from a two point system with four wire rope
support, means shall be prOVided for an independent vertical
15 Transportable Suspended Powered Platforms (single lifeline attached to a certified anchorage on the roof or to an
and multiple suspension) engineered honzontallifeline (dog line) structurally affIXed
to the work platform prOviding all of the following conditions
15.1 Specifications Flg. B- 12 Transportable
are met:
Suspended Power Platform
a) the back-up support wire rope at each end of the platform
15.1.1 Transportable powered is attached to an independent anchorage rope, which in turn
scaffolding. including powered is secured to a roof mounted fixture independent of the
platfonns. powered single or double platform's primary support system;
manned cages and powered boatswain's b) the anchorage wire rope has been designed by a registered
chairs shall be designed by or under the professional engineer to support one end of the laden
direction of a registered professional platform should the platform lose its support. All applicable
engineer, and where applicable, shall dynamic loads shall be considered when designing the
be successfully tested in accordance anchorage rope;
with UL 1323 prior to their placement c) if one end of the platform loses its support, the anchorage
ltO service. rope shall prohibit that end of the platform from falling more
I'
than two feet before the anchorage rope's securing device
"'15.1.2 The scaffold's structural and mechanical components engages;
shall be fabricated from materials that will withstand
anticipated conditions including dynamic forces and
31
d) a securing device shall engage the platform's secondary a} the platform's hoist motors are positioned 18 inches
wire rope without severing the secondary rope in the above (457 mm) or less as measured from the end of the plank to
accident condition; and the centerline of the hoist;
e) the dog line on the back of the platform is positioned at a b) the distance between the hoist motor's housing and insi(
miItimum of 2 feet (600 mm) above the deck, is designed by a face of the side guardrails is less than 12 inches· (305 mm).
registered professional engineer and is anchored to a
structural element of the platform. Additionally, double 15.4.2 The system shall consist of a 42 inch (1067 mm) high
acting rope grabs (or other device that prohibits the enclosure on the outboard side. The inboard side shall not be
unintentional travel in either direction) shall be used as the less than 36 inches (914 mm). high. The enclosure shall
engaging device between the operator's lanyard and the dog consist of a top guardrail, a mid-rail and a 4 inch (102 mm)
line unless the dog line has been segmented with securing high toeboard. All connections used in fabricating the
eyes on the back hand rail that prohibit the operator from guardrail system shall be of the positive type. Set screws and
sliding more than 4 feet in the event the platform falls to a friction connections are prohibited.
vertical position. Lanyards attached to doglines shall not
exceed 48 inches (1200 mm) in length. 15.5 Platform Flooring
15.2.3 Single point and multiple point suspended working 15.5.1 The flooring shall be of a slip-reSistant type and shall
platforms containing an overhead structure which restricts contain no opening that would allow the passage of a 1 inch
the egress of the employees shall incorporate a direct tie off (25.4 mm) diameter ball. If larger openings are provided,
point (or a horizontal lifeline) for the occupant's personal fall they shall be protected by placing a screen under the opening.
arrest system and shall incorporate all provisions established The screen shall have holes less than 1 inch (25.4 mm) in
in Section 15.2.2. (a) through (e). diameter.
15.3 Scaffolding Connections 15.6 Building Contact Provisions
15.3.1 Bolted connections shall be of a secured type, i.e, 15.6.1 All suspended units shall be provided with face
each bolt and/or nut shall be either self-locking or shall be rollers to prevent the unit from abrading the face of the
secured by other means to prevent loosening by vibration. building when there is a possibility of the unit contacting the!
face. When constructed with guide rollers, guide shoes or l
15.3.2 For domestically manufactured equipment, when building face rollers, they shall be designed to compensate i\~
welding is employed for structural connections, the welding normal variations in building dimensions and to permit .
shall be in strict conformance with AWS standards. For horizontal leveling of the suspended unit.
foreign manufactured equipment, when welding is employed
for structural connections, the registered professional 15.7 Electrical Wiring and Components
engineer shall ascertain that weld designs employ weld
configurations, materials, sizes, and processes that are listed 15.7.1 Electrical wiring and components shall conform to
bytbeAWS. the requirements of the standards adopted by the National
Fire Protection Association (National Electrical Code) or the
15.3.3 Foreign materials are acceptable for welding when JIC Electric Standards for General Purpose Machine Tools.
subjected to criteria applying ASTM designated materials Suspended equipment shall be grounded by a grounding
with equivalent properties for strength and welding. In conductor in the cable used to carry power between the
addition, the registered professional engineer shall secure suspended equipment and the building's power outlet
written proofs from the manufacturer that welders have been receptacle. Electric cord yokes that splits the power supply to
tested and found qualified and that quality control measures multiple electric hoists are permitted and the cords that
have been employed, satisfying the intent of AWS standards. extend from the yoke to the hoists need not be strung through
electrical conduit provided the cords are adequately insulated
15.3.4 All structural welds shall be visually inspected for and shielded from the elements. All electrical controls shall
compliance with design requirements and shall be subjected be housed in weather proof enclosures.
to nondestructive testing. Inspection and test records shall be
maintained by the equipment manufacturer for domestically 15.8 Load Rating Identification
manufactured scaffolds and by the registered professional
engineer for foreign manufactured scaffolds. 15.8.1 Each suspended unit shall be provided with a load-
rating plate, conspicuously located. stating the weight of the
15.4 Enclosures for Powered Platforms and Cages unit and live load rating of the suspended unit. The load-
rating plate shall be of a non-corrosive, pennanent-type, i
15.4.1 Suspended working platforms shall be prOvided with compatible material and securely fastened to the unit. All
a guardrail system on all sides. Guardrails at the extreme letters and figures on the plate shall be made by printing.
ends of a multiple support platform may be excluded if; . stamping or etching, or shall be cast on the surface of the
32
WINDOW. CLEANING SAFETY ANSIIIWCA '-14.1
plate. The letters and figures shall not be less than 1/4 15.12 Wire Rope Lubricants
inches (6.4 rom), with the load indicated in 112 inches (13
mm) high figures. The letters and figures shall be 15.12.1 The wire rope and fiber core shall be lubricated at
#maintained in legible condition. the time of manufacture. The lubrication on traction hoisting
/ ropes shall be suitable for such service.
15.9 Suspension Wire Ropes 15.12.2 CAUTION: Surface applied lubricants such as
graphite and similar products may create severe slipping of
15.9.1 All suspension ropes shall be sized to conform with wire rope through traction hoists and shall not be used unless
the required factor of safety, but in no case shall the size be the lubricant is specifically specified by the hoist's
less the 5/16 inches (8 mm) in diameter. manufacturer for use on the hoist's wire rope.
NOTE: Traction hoist manufacturers have specific
wire rope construction requirements to minimize bird-caging. 15.13 Platform Tail lines
15.9.2 The rope's minimum design factor of safety shall be 6 15.13.1 The primary rope's tail line andlor the secondary
and shall be calculated by the following fonnula: wire rope's taU line may suspend below the powered
F =SNIW where: N= number of suSpension ropes under platform, cage or chair if the tailline(s) is(are) secured so as
load, S= manufacturer's catalog strength of one suspension to prevent lateral displacement and be protected from contact
rope, W= maximum static load at any point of travel. by surface traffic.
15.10 Rope Tags 15.14 Suspension and Wind Sway Protection
15.10.1 All wire rope shall have a tag bearing the following 15.14.1 Buildings with service drops exceeding 130 feet
data: (40 m) in height shall provide a wind sway protection system,
a) diameter; consisting of either continuous mullion track guides,
b) grade and construction; intermittent stabilization, work station stabilization or
c) length; angulated roping. When only work station or angulated
d) date of purchase. roping stabilization is possible, descents shall not exceed 300
feet (91 m) .
. /15.11 Wire Rope Connections
15.14.2 Wind sway protection systems shall provide the
15.11.1 The specification for suspension wire ropes and greater of:
hoist drum connections as put forth by the powered hoist a) 600 pounds (270 kg) of resistance (includes a 4 to 1
manufacturer shall be utilized for each hoist's wire rope on safety factor in any outward direction);
transportable platfonns. Wire ropes, at their point of b) shall be designed for an operating wind of 25 mph and a.
suspension, shall be formed in an eye with a thimble design wind of 50 mph to be applied to the units full sail
protector and the rope shall be fastened in such a manner that area.
all portions of the rope shall be readily visible, except for
babbitted socket connectors. Fastenings shall be of the type 15.14.3 Standing lines are specifically prohibited for use as
and size capable of developing not less than 80 % of the wind sway protection unless there is no other system of
rope's manufacturer's rated catalog strength and shall be one stabilization that could be practically and safely employed. If
of the following: there is no other alternative to a standing line system then it
is to be designed by or under the direction of a registered
FIg, B-13 Wire Rope Connections
a) individual tapered babbitted professional engineer and pennanently dedicated to the
sockets;
'C> - building.
b) zinc fastenings for wire rope 5/16 15.14.5 Window cleaner's belt anchors re-classified and
inches (8 rom) diameter and larger; Oliiiiiiiiiiiiii used as intermittent stabilization anchorages are permissible
under the following guidelines:
c) swaged fittings; a) the anchors are successfully re-tested per Section 10.2.4;
d) forged "'J" type rope clips, installed ~ b) tie-in lanyards have terminals that mate to the existing
anchors;
by a qualified person; c) existing anchors not used for wind stabilization are
te) other types of fastenings

aM ~
'
removed or beheaded;
d) the building's windows have either been permanently
-i substantiated by tensile and fastening tests conducted by a sealed or replaced with fixed windows.
qualified laboratory.
33
15.15 Ground Rigged Platforms 16.1.1 Structural supports, davits, sockets, outriggers, tie-
downs, tie-in guides, anchoring devices and anyaffected
15.15.1 Ground rigged scaffolding may be suspended from parts of the building included in the installation shall be ,
roof support equipment (complying with Section 17), designed by or ~der the direction of a registered professio(
providing the height of suspension does not exceed 300 feet engineer experienced in such design. The affected parts of .
(glm) unless continuous engagement is employed to provide the building shall be designed so as to allow the equipment to
wind sway protection. be used without exposing employees to a hazardous
condition.
15.15.2 Where suspension heights exceed 130 feet (40 m)
and where rigging must be suspended by hand, mechanical 16.2 Design of The Installation
means shall be provided for raising and lowering lines (wire
rope, fiber and cable) when the entire line's weight exceeds 16.2.1 All aspects of the installation shall be designed be in
55 pounds (25kg). accordance with ASME A120.1.
16.2.2' Transportable and portable equipment shall not be

15.16 Single Point Suspended Working Platforms craned from one building level to another.
15.16.1 In addition to complying with all applicable 16.2.3 Mechanical means shall be provided for raising and
provisions of Section 15, powered, single point suspended lowering lines (wire rope, fiber and cable) when the entire
working platforms shall be equipped with a secondary wire line's weight exceeds 55 pounds (25 kg).
rope separate from the suspension rope which will prohibit
the work platform from falling should there be a failure of 16.3 Climatic Conditions and Wind Sway Protection
the primary means of support. Except for powered cages
with an overhead obstruction, the operator shall be either 16.3.1 Exterior installations shall be capable of withstanding
secured to the work platform by a full body harness and prevciiling climatic conditions. Service drop heights that
lanyard or to an independent vertical lifeline. exceed 130 feet (40 m) shall be equipped with a wind sway
protection system consisting of either intermittent
15.17 Powered Boatswain's Chairs stabilization, continuous button guides or continuous mullion
track guides. Service drop heights of 130 feet (40 m) or les.r
15.17.1 In addition to complying with all applicable shall employ one of the above mentioned means of wind sw~\
prOvisions of Section 15, powered boatswain's chairs shall be protection or shall utilize angulated roping, provided an
equipped with: angulation force of at least 10 pounds (4.5 kg) is maintained
a) a secondary wire rope separate from the suspension rope under all conditions of loading.
which will prohibit the working platform from falling should
there be a failure of the primary means of support; 16.3.2 The use of existing window cleaners anchors, re-
b) a seat of molded or stamped design with a curved backrest classified as intermittent stabilization anchorages, may be
(tractor type seat) and seatbe1t; used when designed and tested in accordance with Section
c) powered hoist with a secondary suspension rope 8.1.4. Window cleaner's belt anchors not used as
attachment and which is listed (rated) in accordance with UL intermittent stabilization tie-ins shall be "disarmed" or
1323; removed from the window unless the building has been
d) provisions for safely storing and securing tools; classified as a Historic Building, in which case other
e) provisions for securing a water bucket; provisions shall be used to prevent the window cleaner's belt
f) foot stirrups to allow the occupant to rest his/her feet; and anchors from future use. Standing lines used for sway
g) building face rollers located to prevent contact between protection shall comply with Section 15.14 of this Standard.
the occupant and the building.
16.3.3 Electric cable and separate hanging lifelines shall be
15.17.2 The operator shall either secure hislher safety stabilized against displacement by the wind at vertical
harness and lanyard to a designed anchorage on the chair or intervals not exceeding 200 feet (61m). The means of
use an independent vertical lifeline. stabilization may be independent of the btiilding face being
cleaned.
16 Retrofit Of New, Power Operated Systems Dedicated 16.4 Electrical PrOvisions on the Building
To The Building
16.4.1 Electrical outlets shall provide electrical service on a
16.1 New powered operated equipment and its supporting cormnon dedicated circuit that matches the electrical power~
structures dedicated to and retrofitted on an existing building requirements of the equipment's operation and service '-
shall comply with the following prOvisions. including its peak amps, volts and phase. At least one outlet
shall be provided for each building level from which the
34
equipment is supported. Additional outlets shall be provided 17.1.2 Parapets and guardrails which may be subjected to
on large roof areas and spaced a maximum of 200 feet (6lm) additional loading such as lifelines, power cables, etc., shall
., between outlets. Each outlet shall have a cord anchorage and be designed to consider these added loads.
\:he plug end of the cord shall have a strain relief device
J ,
) which can be secured to the receptacle s anchorage. 17.1.3 A roof parapet may be used to directly support the
suspended platform (as is the case with parapet clamps or
16.4.2 The electrical design of the power supply shall be in when supporting the fulcrum of an outrigger beam) and may
accordance with (a) through (f). be used as a tie back anchorage prOviding:
(a) Building wire sizes shall be of such capacity that not a) the fixture directly attached to the parapet (parapet clamp,
more than a' 3% voltage drop from nominal equipment eye bolt; etc.) has been designed by or under the direction of
requirements shall occur at each building outlet when full a registered professional engineer for the specific intended
load is applied to the circuit. load application with a minimum factor of safety of 4 to 1;
(b) Each power or communication outlet shall be provided b) the load supporting parapet has been structurally verified
with an adjacent strain. relief anchorage to prevent force by a registered professional engineer as to its capacity to hold
being applied to the outlet or to the conduit leading to the the intended load with a factor of safety of not less than 4 to
outlet by movement of the equipment. All outlets l'
I
(receptacles) shall be of the twist lock type. c) parapets used as a tie-back anchorage shall be located
(c) The equipment power supply should be from an directly behind the apparatus being tied back;
independent electrical circuit that will remain separate from d) parapet clamps, if used as tie-back anchorages shall be
all other equipment within or on the building. If the building specifically designed for that load application and so certified
is provided with an emergency power system, the equipment by its manufacturer. The parapet clampl tie-back anchorage
circuit may be designed so that it is connected to the shall be positioned directly behind the apparatus being tied
emergency circuit. back.
(d) The power circuit shall be provided with a cut-off switch
that can be locked mthe ON or OFF position. The switch 17.1.4 Horizontal lines constructed of wire rope are
shall be conveniently located with respect to the primary permissible for use as a tie-back provided:
operating area of the equipment to allow the operators of the a) the line(s) is(are) permanently left in place;
equipment access to the switch. b) they are attached to certified anchorages~ excluding
(e) Power and communication outlets shall be located at the parapet clamps;
.' ,japproximate elevation of the primary equipment operating c) its wire rope and Wire rope end attachments comply with
area. Section. 9. !. 1;
(f) The power circuit shall contain a separate equipment d) the wire is inspected prior to each use in accordance with
ground conductor that shall be connected to an earth ground. Section 9.1.9.
16.5 Hosebibbs 17.2 Davits and Davit Fixtures
16.5.1 A supply of water should be prOvided at each level 17.2.1 Davits may be used to support window cleaning
from which the platform is rigged. activities providing they are not used within 10 feet (3 m) of
high-voltage lines and:
16.6 Lightning Rods a) the davit is designed by a registered professional engineer;
b) the davit has a
B-I~
Fig. DavttAtm.Socbtands..
16.6.1 All lightning rods located in areas to be traversed by stability factor of at least
scaffolding shall be of the spring loaded, tipover variety. 4 to 1 against
Rigid lightning rods shall not be used in such areas of the overturning. Each davit
work. Lightning rod tips shall be secured to the lightning shall be designed to
rod base with a wire rope lanyard to the tip so the tip is support an ultimate load
retained if it were separated from its spring mounting. of not less than 4 times
the rated load (based
upon the rated load of
17 Roof Support Equipment the hoist when
supporting a powered
17.1 Parapets, Cornices and Building Anchorages access platform);
c) the davit has a load rating plate pennanently affIXed to it
. 7.1.1 Building anchorages used to tie back or directly stating the davits weight, the manufacturer's name, date of
,I"upport suspended platforms shall comply with all applicable manufacture and maximum allowable load and that the
... -·,;provisions of Section 9. working load is not to be exceeded during its use;
d) the suspension rope(s) shall be attached to the davit with a
safety hook or a screw pin shackle;
35
e) the davit is not craned to the roof level where it is to be 17.4.3 A non-rotating davit's design shan consider a 15 %
used; side load (based upon the rated load of the hoist when
1) the davit's butt or base fixture mates to the building's supporting a powered access platfonn) applied at the end o~,<
socket; its arm, creating lateral bending in the davit arm and (
g) means are provided to lock the davit to its socket or base torsioning its mast.
before it is used to suspend the platfonn;
h) the roof socket meets all requirements of Section 17.3; 17.5 Counterweighted Outriggers
i) the davit weighs less than 80 pounds (36.2 kg) or is
equipped with wheels. 17.5.1 Transportable, Fig. 8-15 TlCIIlSpOrtable Counterweighted
Outrigger
counterweighted outriggers '
17.2.2 Portable davits shall not have an arm reach exceeding may be used to support
eight (8) foot, six (6) inches (2.6 m) measured from the ground rigged window
primary rope support to the centerline of the davits' mast. cleaning activities and RDS,
providing:·
17.3 Sockets a) the outrigger is designed
by a registered professional
17.3.1 Roof or parapet mounted sockets may be used to engineer;
support portable davits providing: b) the outrigger has a stability factor of four against
a) the socket has a load rating plate and that load it not overturning or upsetting of the outrigger. Each outrigger
exceeded; shall be designed to support an ultimate load of not less than
b) the soCket allows for the davit to be. tipped down for 4 times the rated load (based upon the rated load of the hoist
insertion of the davit butt into the socket and the angle of tip when supporting a powered access platform). The fulcrum
down shall not exceed a maximum of 15 degrees above the point of the beam shall rest on leges) or equivalent supports
horizon; securely attached to the beam and so arranged as to prevent
c) if the direction of tip down is parallel to the parapet. lateral overturning of the beam. Each outrigger shall be
provisiOns shall be provided so as to prohibit the davit from designed for lateral stability to prevent rollover in the event
being accidentally dropped over the side of the building; an accidental lateral load is applied to the outrigger. The
d) any parapet exceeding six feet in height, to which a socket accidental lateral load to be considered in this design shall
is mounted, shall provide means for the: not be less than 15% of the rated load; ('
1) safe access of personnel to, rig the tip of the davit; c) the inboard end of outrigger beams, measured from the
2) davit erection; fulcrum point to the anchorage point, shall be not less than I'
3) rotation of the davit arm as necessary for the specific 112 times the outboard end in length;
application; d) solid counterweights are secured to the inboard end of the
4) safe boarding of the suspended unit. outrigger;
e) the outrigger has a load rating plate permanently affixed
17.3.2 When portable sockets are used they shall: to it and readily visible, bearing the following infonnation in
a) be designed to be used with the davit and the roof fixture letters at least 114 inch (6.4 nun) in height:
to which it mates; 1) the beam's rated load;
b) be fitted with wheels to allow ready movement from 2) manufacturer's name;
pedestal to pedestal; 3) precautionary warning message prohibiting use of the
c) not require lifting to mate with the pedestal; beam within 10 feet of high voltage lines;
d) shall have a pedestal pin attachment connection or 1) the suspension rope(s) shall be attached to the outrigger
positive locking pin connection to the pedestal; with a safety hook or a screw pin shackle;
e) socket/pedestal connections requiring bolts or other g) the outrigger is not craned to the roof level where it is to
threaded fasteners shall not be used. be used;
h) each outrigger shall be tied back to a certified anchorage
17.4 Tie-backs on the building with a wire rope equivalent in strength to the
suspension rope, but in no case less than 5/16 inch (8mm) in
17.4.1 A davit whose structural design requires a diameter. The tie-back rope shall be installed parallel to the
supplementary tie-back is strictly prohibited unless the davit center line (longitudinal axis) of the outrigger. All tie-down
is non-rotating. fittings at the inboard end of the beam shall be of a type that
vibration effects shall not produce accidental disengagement.
17.4.2 If a tie-back is used with a non-rotating davit. it shall Safety hooks for beam tie-down shall not be used.
be designed and constructed without a turnbuckle and i) the outrigger shall be so located that the suspension wires
designed such that the installer is not required to use a tool for a two point suspended working platform are hung parall(
for its setup. and any portion of the outrigger or its counterweights \,.
weighing more than 80 pounds (36 kg) shall be equipped
with a stable means for its transport (wheels or cart).
36
Fig. B-18 Cornice Hook

d) the suspension rope(s)
17.5.2 Formula for Determining the Correct Amount of shall be attached to the
"Counterweight Required for a Portable Outrigger Beam. clamp/hook with a safety
l hook or a screw pin shackle;
.I
A B e) the clamp/hook is not
craned to the roof level
d where it is to be used;
f) each c1amp/hook shall be tied back to a'certified
anchorage on the building with a wire rope equivalent in
strength to the suspension rope but in no case less than 5/16
inch (8 mm) in diameter. The tie-back rope shall be installed
parallel to the center line (longitudinal axis) of the
c clamp/hook.
W=BxCx4
A 17.7 Overhead Monorail Tracks and Trolleys
17.7.1 Transportable trolleys

W= Minimum weight of the counterweights may be used on overhead
tracks permanently affixed to
A= Distance inboard from fulcrum (front end of beam where the building to support
it rests) to the point on the beam where the counterweights window cleaning activities
hang. providing: .
a) the monorail tracks have end stops and the system is
B= Distance outboard from the fulcrum point to the equipped with independent trolleys from which the operator's.
suspension point vertical lifeline is suspended;
b) the primary support trolley(s) and the safety line trolley(s)
C= Load rating of the hoist are designed by a registered profeSSional engineer and has a
/' stability factor of at least 4 to 1 against failure or against the
i ( 4= The requirement of a 4 to 1 safety factor against the causation of structural damage to its supporting track. Each
\
, '"hoist load trolley and its supporting track structure shall be designed to
support an ultimate load of not less than 4 times the rated
load (based upon the rated load of the hoist when supporting
17.6 Parapet Clamps and Cornice Hooks a powered access platform) plus the safety line load for each
operator suspended from the track;
17.6.1 Parapet clamps or FIg.B-16 PlI1IpetClamp c) the trolley's wheel diameter and wheel gauge have been
cornice hooks (hereafter verified by a registered professional engineer for specific use
referred to as "clamps! on the monorail beam and the beam will safely support the
hooks ") may be used to loads appUed;
support ground rigged, d) the trolley system is designed in accordance with ASME
window cleaning A120.1;
activities providing: e) the trolley and track are inspected and tested in strict
a) the clamp/hook is designed by a registered professional accordance with Section 8 of this Standard.
engineer and has a stability factor of 4 against overturning or
against the causation of structural damage to its supporting 17.7.2 Transportable monorail tracks suspended from davit
parapet or cornice, respectively; arms, outriggers or portable support fIxtures are prohibited.
b) each clamp/hook and its supporting building structure
shall be designed to support an ultimate load of not less than
4 times the rated load (based upon the rated load of the hoist
when supporting a powered access platform). Additionally,
each clamp/hook shall be designed for lateral stability to
prevent rollover in the event an accidental lateral load is
applied to the c1amp/hook. The accidental lateral load to be
~onsidered in this design shall not be less than 15% of the
.Lted load;
"/c) the clamp/hook has a load rating plate permanently
affixed to it, stating its maximum allowable load and that
working lmid is not exceeded during its use;
37
WINDOW CLEANING SAFETY , ANSI/IWCA 1-14.1
18. Referenced Standards and Documents
1. OSHA 29 'CFR 1910.1200 Hazard Communication

Awareness~
2. OSHA 29 CFR 1910.66 Powered Platfonns for
Building Maintenance.
3. ANSI-Z359 Safety Requirements for Personal Fall
Arrest Systems, Subsystems and Components.
4. ASME A-120.1 Powered Platforms for Building
Maintenance.
5. ANSI A 14. I-Safety Requirements for Portable
Wood Ladders.
6. ANSI A 14.2-Safety Requirements for Portable
Metal Ladders.
7. ANSI A 14..3-Safety Requirements for Reinforced
Plastic Ladders.
8. ANSIISIA A92.2 Vechicle Mounted Elevating and
Rotating Work Platfonns.
9. ANSI/SIA A92.3 Manually Propelled Elevating
Work Platfonns.
10. ANSIISIA A92.S Boom Supported Elevated Work
Platforms.
11. ANSIISIA A92.6 Self-Propelled Elevating Work
Platforms.
12. UL-1323, Scaffold Hoists-Underwriters
Laboratories.
38
APPENDIX -Can the instructor provide documentation, references, etc. to

support the above?
These appendices are intended to be used only as a reference
i )or guideline and are not to be considered a part of the Classroom Study
'\. >' ANSIIIWCA I.:.14.1 Window Cleaning Safety Standard.
What are codes, standards and laws? Why are they written,
Appendix A- Standard Implementation who are they written by. why are they promulgated and how
do they relate to each other?
It is recognized that the parties who are affected by the -Federal and State Labor Codes (OSHA)
content of this initial Standard will require a reasonable -How to read and interpret manufacturer's, instructions.
period of time to implement the methods, techniques and use -What equipment should be used?
of equipment described herein. As this Standard affects life -The safe use of equipment.
safety, the following principle considerations should apply to -Proper rigging techniques.
its implementation: -Chemicals and tools available and when and how they
should be used.
a) window cleaning contractors and building owners and -Team -building exercises.
managers should review the contents of this Standard as to -First aid, inclucling CPR.
how it affects each. Contractors should be aware of the -Attitude training relating to safety and work practices and
worker's requirements and building owners and managers worker and customer relationships.
should be aware of the site requirements. This mutual -Drug, alcohol and other substance abuse and general health
awareness should be developed within a year of the first instruction.
publication of this Standard.
Examples of Problems and Actual Job Conditions
b) final implementation of the methods, techniques and
equipment described herein should be accomplished in a -Simulation of actual conditions the student will encounter at
period not to exceed 5 years from the date of the first the job site.
publication of the Standard. -Job site visits to acquaint the student of actual conditions.
-Hands on practical instruction and performance of
L\ppendix B- Training techniques and methods learned in the classroom.
,it/
Recommended elements for an effective training program: Evaluation
a) pretest;
b) instructor qualifications; -Written test to ensure that instruction to date has been
c) .classroom study; effective.
d) examples of problems and actualjob conditions; -Hands on experience test to ensure that instruction to date
e) on-the-job training period; has been effective.
f) final evaluation; -Attitude evaluation to be sure that student will safely work
g) continuing education for changes in codes and standards, with others.
new equipment and procedures;
h) refresher courses to ensure proficiency is maintained; On the Job Training Period
i) re-evaluation;
j) documentation. Work as a member of a crew under the guidance of a
qualified and experienced team leader who is committed to
Pretest assisting in the training of window cleaners. The work sites
and equipment should be varied to provide the maximum
Does the individual have the basic knowledge and skills need exposure of the student-in-training to put into practice
to safely perform the tasks of window cleaning? hislher classroom experience. During this period of training
the worker should not be part of a two-person crew where the
Instructor Qualifications other crewmember could be at risk from an inexperienced
coworker.
The instructor should be trained in all aspects of the use of
the equipment and the tasks that will be performed from it. -- Work as a member of a crew at various job sites under the
-Does he/she have actual field experience? guidance of an experienced coworker. The work sites and
ts the instructor able, through training or gift, to teach to equipment should be varied to provide the maximum
Norkers hislher knowledge and experience? exposure for the student-in-training to put into practice the
-Does the instructor have the time and accessibility to skills and education that he/she has learned.
properly perform hislher duties?
39
New Construction
Final Evaluation
Newly contructed buildings compliance with the requiremen1
-Written and oral tests to verify the education and practical of "in line" is easily done during the design phase of the (
experience. building. Anchors should be placed in line to the work area'
-Evaluation from classroom instructor. so as to prevent displacement of lines under load and!or a fall
-Evaluation from crew leader(s) under whom the student greater than 6 feet (1800 mm). Placement of anchors shall
received hislher an-the-job-training. not be within 6 feet (1800 mm) of the roof edge unless fall
protection is provided to access those anchors safely. In no
Continuing Education case should anchor spacing exceed 12 feet (3.6m). In
essence, the risk to the worker is greatly reduced by placing
-Semiannual safety seminars to reaffirm safe procedures. the anchors further back from the roof edge. (12 feet [3.6 m]
-Immediate classroom and on-the-job training for any new or to 50 feet [15.2 mD
amended code, law or standard that would effect the worker
or work site, any new piece of equipment put into service, Existing Bulldings
new job site condition(s) or new job site(s).
The installation ar identification of anchorages on existing
Refresher Courses buildings will vary from that of new buildings. Existing
buildings can present obstacles that will prevent ideal anchor
-Annual retraining for procedures, ~quipment and fIrst aide placement However, the safe~ of the worker(s) shall be of
(CPR) instruction. utmost importance when designing an anchor system to be
installed on an existing building in compliance with Section
Evaluation 14.6. .
-Review and evaluation of the worker with regard to hislher Ideally, anchors are to be placed in line with the suspended
knowledge, proficiency, work habits and attitud~ to all of the worker{s). Where this is impracticable, anchors may be
above. offset no more than 15 degrees from in line (perpendicular)
provided displacement of the rope under load can be
Documentation prevented. (see Fig. AP-l) (
Fg. AP-1 Sugg:Sed An::ta PB::emert ~\
-In accordance with current Federal OSHA regulations, small
businesses are reqUired to document training of employees. -
Verification documents should be used to signify when,
where and how long employees were trained in the correct
procedures on the use of chemicals and equipment they are
expected to operate. Re-training and safety meetings should
also be documented.
-Verification should include the Signature of the

trainer/educator, the Signature of the student, the topiC being
t ...... ""l-. ...
~U5.L.lI·, U.lC U
+l-." rla+e ......... rl .... la"'o tho tl' .... ~n~1'1lT tnn1c
". c;.u.&u.t'.1. "'""'"' ..... ,,"'" ..... u.i..i ............O..."' ......... '"
pl~""Q
.....""'~.
Appendix C- Anchor placement for working lines,

lifelines and tie back lines As with new construction, placement of anchors shall not be
within 6 feet (1800 mm) of the roof edge unless fall
These recommendations are a guideline for the placement protection is provided to access those anchors safely. In no
and installation of permanent anchorages on buildings case should anchor spacing exceed 12 feet (3.6 m). As stated
where workers will be using suspended access equipment to for new buildings, the risk to the worker(s) is greatly reduced
perform window cleaning. by placing the anchors further back from the roof edge. (12
feet [3.6 m] to 50 feet [15.2 mn.
The ANSIIIWCA 1-14.1 Standard presently requires that
working lines, lifelines and tie back lines be anchored either
in line with the suspended worker or within 15 degrees of
perpendicular.
40
I
! .
ANSIIIWCA I 14.1-2001
Window Cleaning Safety

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Window

'. IWCA I-14.1-2001

International Window Cleaning Association

Approved October 25,2001

Approved October 25, 2001

International Window Cleaning Association

* This is not a part of ANSIIIWCA I 14.1-2001

CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE ANSIIIWCA 1-14.1 COMMITTEE

Secretary. ANSIIIWCA 1-14.1 Committee

Question: Phrase the question as a request for an interpretation of a specific

ANSIIIWCA 1-14.1 COMMITTEE ON

(The following is a roster of committee members at time of publication)

Stefan D. Bright International Window Cleaning Association

5.7 Rope Descent Systems (RDS)

10 EQUIPMENT DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

1 GENERAL 1.5 Design

1.2.1 The purpose ofthls Standard is to provide safety to 1.6 Assurances

1.4 Variations A written plan developed by the window cleaning contractor

qualified person- a person who, by possession of a PART A- GENERALAND

3.5 Chemicals 3.9 Anchorages

5.2.16 Metal ladders shall be used in accordance with

5.2.17 Ladders shall not be used simultaneously by more

5.3.2 Employees shall be trained in the use and care of

5.5.15 Aerial work platforms operated outside have specific

5.8.6 Operators of a transportable suspended scaffold shall

5.8.15 Operators shall rig the scaffolding to ensure that the

Mechanical means shall be provided for raising and lowering

6 PROHIBITED EQUIPMENT FOR WINDOW·

, ·6.1 Portable Sills: The use of portable sills is prohibited.

6.2 Window Jacks: The use of window jacks is prohibited.

6.3 Materials: The use of any material that is manufactured

6.4 Capstan devices shall not be used for suspending

6.sAscenders shall not be used as a part of a fall arrest

6.6 Standing lines shall be used as sway protection for

6.7 Unless designed by a registered professional engineer,

7.2.5 Buildings with a permanent installation system shall

B) if any hoisting machine or initiating device for the

9.1.4 Anchorages using adhesive fasteners (epoxy anchors)

spaced that it will be impossible to attach the window

10.2.3 Anchor Material Specifications

(a) Metals used in the manufacture of anchors and anchor

(b) Machined fastenings and other fittings shall be of the

10.2.4 Acceptance Requirements for Belt Anchors and

through existing or new masonry concrete walls when the

(d) Belts which have been subjected to strength tests shall

(e) All accepted belts shall bear an identification mark either

(f) Harnesses incorporated into the design of the belt may be

11.6.5 Handrails shall be a minimum of 29 inches (737mrn)

11.6.6 The load shall be applied uniformly to a 3 1/2 inches

11.7 Aerial Mobile Platforms

11.7.1 Vehicle-Mounted Elevating and Rotating Aerial

11.7.2 Manually Propelled Elevating Aerial Platforms

12.1 Manual Swinging Scaffolds

12.1.1 Swinging scaffolds and their components shall be ( j

12.1.2 Manual swinging scaffolds shall not be less than 20