Purposive Communication for College Freshmen

Chapter 6
COMMUNICATION AND STRATEGIES USING
TOOLS OF TECHNOLOGY

Putting communication at
the front of your mind and
becoming more aware of how you
communicate in a given context
can be informative and have many
positive effects. Whenever you
work with groups, you are able to
apply what you have learned about
group communication to improve
your performance and overall
experience. You also notice that
there is a need to adapt to certain requirements that foster timely
presentations or communication with your audiences. The 21st
century is the time when we need to develop multimodal literacy
knowledge and skills.
Today, an effective communicator must be knowledgeable and
skillful in designing and communicating meaning through such rich
and potentially complex texts. Multimodal texts require a new set of
skills to enable a communicator to make informed choices within and
across the available communication modes to construct meaning
effectively. Creating, developing, and producing spoken, written, or
multimodal texts in print or digital forms is an embedded literacy
expectation across all disciplines.
Multimodal is defined in the Australian Curriculum as the
strategic use of two or more communication modes to make meaning
(e.g., image, gesture, music, spoken language, and written language).
Creating a PowerPoint presentation, for example, is complex
requiring a combination of modes such as, written language, image,
movement, sound effect, and spatial design. Presenting it in public

B. A. Manzano, M. V. P. Arador, & M. A. P. Ladia Page 161

Purposive Communication for College Freshmen

would necessitate the presenter to demonstrate spoken language and

gestures. The process of constructing such texts is indeed cross-
disciplinary because it activates different digital information
technologies as well as the Arts (i.e., media, visual arts, design, music,
and drama).
In this chapter, you will learn how to make careful choices and
effective designs in executing different communication aids. You
should perform a good job in executing presentation aids so that they
will never look old, hastily made, dirty, battered, or disorganized.

 Major Types of Communication Aids

Public presentations suggest the appropriate selection of

communication aids. Your strategy to present your speech or lecture
will absolutely affect your audience and speech context. Presented
below are the major types of communication aids that can be used for
presentations: computer-based media, audiovisual media, low-tech
media.

1. Computer-based Media. Today, computer-based communication

aids are the norm. In most careers, speakers are expected to be
skillful and comfortable in using PowerPoint or web-based
alternatives to create and display communication aids. You have
probably had the opportunity the significance and usefulness of
the computer in different public presentations.
Using computer-based aids in a speech will physically
isolate you from the audience with whom you are trying to
establish rapport. You may feel really comfortable when you
stand behind presentation equipment; however, this limits your
nonverbal interaction with your audience.
The use of computer may not be comfortable for some,
especially if this equipment is not available to them—one may
not have a personal computer or it may not be available in the
workplace. In either case, check with your classmates, teachers, or
colleagues about the preparations that will be needed. It is
important to reserve one in advance. It is important if you can
gain access to a computer ahead of time to practice and
familiarize yourself with the necessary commands to make your

B. A. Manzano, M. V. P. Arador, & M. A. P. Ladia Page 162

Purposive Communication for College Freshmen

slides run properly. It is also wise to be prepared for technical

problems, which can happen even to the very skillful computer
user. On the day of your presentation, be sure to arrive early for
you to test out the equipment before the event begins.
Software packages were first introduced to computer
presentations in the 70s, but these products were expensive and
needed highly trained technicians to operate the programs.
Today, there are a number of presentation software programs that
are free and relatively less costly and that can be learned quickly
by nonexperts.

Presentation Software Packages

Software Website
Adobe Acrobat http://www.adobe.com/products/present
Presenter er/features
Ajax Presents http://www.ajaxpresents.com
Brainshark http://www.brainshark.com
Custom Show www.customshow.com
ezTalks Meetings www.eztalks.com/
Google Presentations http://docs.google.com/support/bin/stati
c.py?page=guide.cs&guide=19431
Harvard Graphics http://www.harvardgraphics.com
Keynote http://www.apple.com/iwork/keynote
OpenOffice Impress http://www.openoffice.org/product/imp
ress/html
PowerPoint http://office.microsoft.com/en-
us/powerpoint
PrezentIt http://prezentit.com
Prezi http://prezi.com
SlideRocket http://www.slide.rocket.com
ThinkFree Show http://member.thinkfree.com
280 Slides http://280 slides.com
Zoho Show www.zoho.com/docs/show.html

2. Audiovisual Media. Audiovisual is a communication aid that has

both a sound and a visual component (i.e., slide tape
presentations, films, videoclips, podcasts, online videos,
documentaries, television programs, and live theater
productions). Audiovisual media frequently use web streaming,
video conferencing, and live broadcast services. In education,

B. A. Manzano, M. V. P. Arador, & M. A. P. Ladia Page 163

Purposive Communication for College Freshmen

computer-based audiovisual equipment is often used in schools

installing projection equipment and using interactive whiteboard
technology. An interactive whiteboard is a large whiteboard, a
standalone touchscreen computer, or a connectable apparatus
used as a touchpad to control computers from a projector.
In all levels of education, audiovisual media are used as an
instructional mode where particular attention is paid to the audio
and visual presentations of the material, with the goal of
improving comprehension and retention. It breaks down the
traditional barriers of written communication to ensure that the
students comprehend the message easily, resulting in better
discussion and collaboration in education, business, and personal
applications.

Advantages of Audiovisual Media

a. Clarity. Using both audio and visual components provide
clarity in communication. In a print-based text like a letter, its
tone and mood, which may come across differently to the
reader, may give different perceptions. Audiovisual input
enables the designer and the audience to observe facial
expressions, hear tones and inflections, and clarify each
other’s meanings and positions.
b. Speed. Today’s communication is immediate, with the use of
audiovisual media such as, videos, phones, webcams, and
face-to-face meetings. It defeats the written mode of
communication which may take several weeks and months
before it reaches its destination.
c. Retention. There seems an increase of message retention when
audio and visual cues are combined. According to the United
States Department of Labor (In Ireland, 2018), a mere 10
percent of information is retained when presented only orally
and only 35 percent of information is retained when presented
only visually. But when audio and visual tools are combined
to present a message or idea, 65 percent of that information is
retained. Presentation software and video conferencing can be
effective tools in meetings and lectures because your audience
receives and processes the information more effectively than it
would with more traditional approaches.

B. A. Manzano, M. V. P. Arador, & M. A. P. Ladia Page 164

Purposive Communication for College Freshmen

d. Media. Videos, visual aids, and sound clips create a

multimedia experience when they are added to your
presentation. Using a variety of media (i.e., from mp3s to
video footage to still-image slideshows and online social
media) in communication helps you become more engaging to
your audience.

3. Low-Tech Media. Sometimes, computer technology is not

available in some speaking situations. In some instances,
computer-based presentation aids are unnecessary or even
counterproductive even if you have ready access to technology.
Still, in some cases, computer-based or audiovisual media may be
accompanied by low-tech media to achieve a more effective
communication. One of the advantages of low tech-media is that
they are very predictable. You can project or anticipate their use
with little interference. They are also inexpensive and are easy to
use. However, they are prone to physical damage and are difficult
to keep. You need to be careful in handling them.

Examples of Low-tech Media:

a. Chalk or Dry-Erase Board. Most

speakers use this medium when
they were not able to prepare their
communication aids. Failure to
prepare a presentation aid during a
talk gives the audience a negative
impression toward you, mostly
negative. However, you may use
the board for interactive components of your speech; hence, it
becomes effective. You may write on the board your
audience’s responses at various points in your speech. It is
very useful when you want to show visually the information
that you are receiving from your audience. When writing on
the board, however, be sure to follow these rules:
 Write large enough for everyone in the room to read
what you have written.

B. A. Manzano, M. V. P. Arador, & M. A. P. Ladia Page 165

Purposive Communication for College Freshmen

 Print legibly using sentence case. Do not write in

cursive script unless they are readable. Note, however,
that elementary pupils are exposed to cursive writing.
Teachers are required to write legibly and aesthetically.
 Write short phrases. Do not write in complete sentences
if your purpose is just to note responses that will be
useful in your talk.

b. Flipchart. For briefing small groups,

flip charts are very useful. They are easily
prepared and inexpensive. The tip
markers and graphic materials are readily
available, and with the modest ability of
the presenter, it can compose the desired
material. Flipcharts help the speaker
proceed through the material by
providing the audience with something to
look in addition to the speaker. It can be
prepared before or during the presentation, can be used to
record audience’s questions and comments, and can be
converted to slides. However, flipcharts may require the use
of graphics talent. They are not suitable for use in a large
audience setting and may be difficult to transport.

c. Foam Board or Poster Board. Foam board

consists of a thin sheet of styrofoam
with heavy paper bonded to both
surfaces. Although it is a lightweight,
inexpensive foundation for information,
it can stand on its own when placed in
an easel without curling under at the
bottom edge. Conversely, a poster
board is cheaper than foam board. It is
filmsier, more vulnerable to damage,
and cannot stand on its own.
In public speaking, most speakers create professional
posters using a full-color poster printer. Typically, posters are
sketched out and then designed on a computer using a

B. A. Manzano, M. V. P. Arador, & M. A. P. Ladia Page 166

Purposive Communication for College Freshmen

program like Microsoft PowerPoint or Publisher. These

programs have the option of selecting the size of the printed
area.
Guidelines in Using Poster Board or Foam Board:

 Ensure that the color of the poster board matches the

color of the paper you will paste on. If you prefer a
color for easy visual contrast so your audience can see
it, it must be a color that is appropriate for the topic.
For example, blue would be the wrong color on a
poster for a speech about “Edsa Revolution.”
 When creating a poster, you need to plan how you are
going to lay out your aid and make it look professional.
Your materials should not look like you simply cut
pictures out of magazines and pasted them on.
 Prepare posters large enough to be visually appealing
to your audience. Large posters are absolutely a
requirement for a crowd to visualize the material.

d. Handouts. As with any presentation aid, handouts are not a

substitute for a well-prepared speech. They are only
appropriate for delivering information that audience members
can take away. Using handouts requires a great deal of
management if they are to contribute to your credibility as a
speaker.
When you plan to use handouts,
bring enough copies for each audience
member to get one. Looking on with
one’s neighbor’s handouts does not
contribute to a professional image. If
the number of handouts is not enough
for all members of the audience, you
will have no control over the speed at
which it circulates, or the direction it
goes. It may not even reach everybody by the end of your
speech, or listeners could still be passing your handouts
around during the next speaker’s speech. If one listener only
holds a handout for two or four more listeners while you are

B. A. Manzano, M. V. P. Arador, & M. A. P. Ladia Page 167

Purposive Communication for College Freshmen

making a point, it absolutely decreases attention and restricts

comprehension as listeners are wanting to see the handout but
have a limited access to it. By the time they were able to see
your point on the handout, they will have forgotten why they
need to see it.
Moreover, a handout should include only the necessary
information to support your points, and that information
should be organized in such a way that listeners will be able to
understand it. If your handout is designed for your audience
to follow along, you should tell them so. Tell them to refer to
specific information during your speech. You may also want
them to read some of the information and then go on to
explain them.

When to distribute handouts?

 Before you begin your speech. Handouts may be

distributed before you begin your presentation. That is
done if your purpose is for the listeners to follow along
in a handout. If you are in the room ahead of time, you
may place a copy of the handout on each seat of the
audience. You may also ask a volunteer to distribute
them as quickly as possible while you are preparing for
your presentation to begin.

 During the speech. Distributing the handouts may be

done while you are delivering your speech. At some
point, you might have assigned somebody to distribute
them once you gave your signal. However, this may be
distracting and interrupts the pace of your presentation.
Likewise, some members of the audience tend to
become impatient waiting for the handouts. Although
most professionals are more manageable than other
groups of audience, they tend to be sidetracked and
their attention defocused while waiting for their copies.

 After your speech is over. If the handout is a “takeaway,”

leave it on a table near the door so that those audience

B. A. Manzano, M. V. P. Arador, & M. A. P. Ladia Page 168

Purposive Communication for College Freshmen

members who are interested can take one on their way

out. For a better management in distributing the
handouts, you may ask somebody to take charge of the
distribution after your speech is over. Do not forget to
instruct your audience about the handouts before you
conclude your speech.

 Functions of Communication Aids

Rehearsing your speech prior to its delivery has been the norm
and is suggested by many experts in the field. Even without
technology assistance, you can stand out as an effective speaker if you
delivered your speech enough to stand on its own. However, it is also
important to recognize that a good speech can often be made even
better by the strategic use of communication aids. Technically
speaking, communication aids are presentation aids that can fulfill
several functions in order to create an impressive presentation. No
matter how impressive your communication aids are, they cannot
secure a good speech. Thus, such aids to communication should
complement with good speech delivery. Following are the functions
of communication aids:
1. To clarify or emphasize a point.
2. To enhance retention and recall of your message.
3. To clarify or emphasize a point.
4. To enhance retention and recall of your message.
5. To add variety and interest to your speech.
6. To enhance your credibility as a speaker.

 Preparing Communication Aids

Communication aids such as those discussed earlier:

computer-based, audiovisual, or low-tech media are impressive
presentation aids but cannot replace a well-prepared speech. These
communication tools should stand on their own in delivering
information, but do not count on them to do so. This may frustrate
you when technical problems arise. Instead, work toward a goal of
delivering your speech. Explain your presentation aids so that your
audience will know why you are using them.

B. A. Manzano, M. V. P. Arador, & M. A. P. Ladia Page 169

Purposive Communication for College Freshmen

Putting too much information on an aid is one mistake you

should avoid. Match your speech with your presentation aids by
narrowing the topic and content of your speech. Your presentation
aids should not represent every idea in your speech. It should only
fulfill certain functions described earlier.
In producing presentation aids, consult your teacher or your
multimedia technician regarding multimedia services that can help
you make copies, enlargements, slides, and other presentation aids.
Find out available resources that your school provides.

Guidelines in Preparing Quality Communication Aids

1. They must be easily seen or heard by your audience. The most

important rule in preparing a communication or presentation
aid is to make it accessible for every audience member. Every
member of the audience, even those who are in back of the
room, should be able to see and hear your tool in order for it to
be effective. Consider the following specific rules:
 Graphic elements in your presentation should be large
enough to read.
 Audio must be loud enough to hear.
 Text-based visuals, charts, and graphs need to be presented
with strong, clean lines and blocks of color.
 The textual elements should be located closest to the part of
your graphic element that they are about.
 Carefully limit the amount of text on a presentation aid.
 Use a simple, easy-to-read type style.

2. They should be easily handled. Your presentation aids should

be handy so that you can carry them by yourself. Likewise, you
should be skilled in using the equipment you will use to
present them. Your presentation aids should not distract you
in delivering your speech.

3. They should be aesthetically pleasing. Aesthetics refers to the

appeal, beauty, or good taste of a presentation aid. The
principles of design such as, unity, emphasis, scale, balance,
and rhythm should be followed whenever you plan to prepare

B. A. Manzano, M. V. P. Arador, & M. A. P. Ladia Page 170

Purposive Communication for College Freshmen

an impressive presentation aid. These principles help you

create attractive, professional-looking presentation aids.
Although people have wide differences in terms of taste, you
may be someone who always strives for materials that are
well-prepared and aesthetically pleasing. Hence, in designing
your visuals, this should be dictated by the content of your
speech. Colors should be used with reason, and borders should
be kept simple.

4. Text type must only be used when needed. Use text only when
you must. It is permissible for you to display your topic, but
writing a paragraph of your analysis is prohibited. It
demonstrates your incompetence to explain the topic in
question. Meanwhile, if you intend to incorporate a reasonable
text, it should be big, simple, and bold. When displaying a
text, read it aloud before you go on to talk about it.

5. Control the size and lines of graphic images. If you create

graphic images, control the size and the visible strength of the
lines. For example, you might want to display a picture of a sea
shell. Presenting the image would dictate you to enlarge it.
Citing your source with an added caption demonstrates your
integrity. It is recommended that you read out loud your
source for acknowledgment, and this act boosts your
credibility as a speaker.

6. Computer presentations should be used purposively.

Presentation aids should only be used to deliver information
that is important or difficult to present with spoken words
only. Do not put your entire speech on PowerPoint slides or
other visuals, you will lose rapport with your audience. Why is
rapport or contact with your audience detrimental when you
put everything on your presentation aid and that made you
become dependent on it? Firstly, instead of looking at your
audience, you often end up looking at the projected words or
at the computer screen. Secondly, your speech will become
apathetic or boring because your vocal delivery gets affected.
Thirdly, your listeners will definitely question your credibility

B. A. Manzano, M. V. P. Arador, & M. A. P. Ladia Page 171

Purposive Communication for College Freshmen

as a speaker. Lastly, your presentation aids were not used

based on function. Certain rules should be observed:
 Watch your font.
 Do not write everything out.
 Do not bow down to the software.
 Use appropriate slide colors.
 Use proper slide movements.
 Utilize relevant sounds or audio.
 Practice using the technology.

7. Always have a backup plan. Unfortunately, things often go

wrong, so always prepare an alternative. Ahead of time, decide
what you will do if things go wrong. It is your responsibility to
solve such problems. However, these predicaments should not
affect your presentation. A skilled professional keeps the
speech moving despite of unexpected problems. You should
have the ability to adapt to situations even if the computer
does not work on the first try, if an easel is missing, if you
forgot your learning object. All you need to do is to
troubleshoot to solve the problem and experiment for possible
support in order to overcome the problem with ease and
flexibility.

B. A. Manzano, M. V. P. Arador, & M. A. P. Ladia Page 172

Purposive Communication for College Freshmen

Name: ______________________________________ Score: ___________

Course, Year, & Section: _______________________ Date: ___________

Comprehension CHECK
A. Identify the following concepts of communication aids and
strategies.

_________________ 1. It refers to the strategic use of two or more

communication modes to make meaning.
_________________ 2. It is a communication aid that has both a sound
and a visual component (i.e., slide tape
presentations, films, videoclips, podcasts,
online videos, documentaries, television
programs, and live theater productions.
_________________ 3. It is another communication aid which is very
predictable and is best used if it is accompanied
with computer-based or audiovisual media to
achieve a more effective communication.
_________________ 4. This communication aid uses Presentation
Software Packages.
_________________ 5. It is an example of a low-tech media which is
used for the interactive components of your
speech; hence, it becomes effective.
_________________ 6. It consists of a thin sheet of styrofoam with
heavy paper bonded to both surfaces and can
stand on its own when placed in an easel
without curling under at the bottom edge.
_________________ 7. It is very useful for briefing small groups. It
helps the speaker proceed through the material
by providing the audience with something to
look in addition to the speaker.

B. A. Manzano, M. V. P. Arador, & M. A. P. Ladia Page 173

Purposive Communication for College Freshmen

_________________ 8. This communication aid is not a substitute for a

well-prepared speech. It is only appropriate for
delivering information that audience members
can take away.
_________________ 9. This is an advantage of audiovisual media
which defeats the written mode of
communication and may take several weeks
and months before it reaches its destination.
_________________ 10. These are presentation aids that can fulfill
several functions in order to create an
impressive presentation.

B. Write true if the statement is correct, but if it is false underline

what makes the sentence wrong, then write the correct answer on
the space provided (Correct answer minus wrong answer).

_________________ 1. Audiovisual media are used as instructional

modes where particular attention is paid to the
audio and visual presentation of the material,
with the goal of improving comprehension
and retention.
_________________ 2. Write in complete sentences on the board if
your purpose is just to note responses that will
be useful in your talk.
_________________ 3. Handouts may be distributed before you begin
your presentation if your purpose is to have it
as a “takeaway.”
_________________ 4. The amount of text of your presentation aid is
limitless.
_________________ 5. Even without technology assistance, you can
stand out as an effective speaker if you
delivered your speech enough to stand on its
own.
_________________ 6. The textual elements should be located close to
or apart from your graphic element that they
are about.
_________________ 7. The principles of design such as, unity,
emphasis, scale, balance, and rhythm should be

B. A. Manzano, M. V. P. Arador, & M. A. P. Ladia Page 174

Purposive Communication for College Freshmen

followed whenever you plan to prepare an

impressive presentation aid.
_________________ 8. The use of communication aids does not require
skill because presenters may hire a technical
assistant to help them.
_________________ 9. The most important rule in preparing a
communication or presentation aid is to make
it accessible for every audience member.
_________________ 10. Presentation aids should only be used to
deliver information that is important or
difficult to present with spoken words only.

Let’s practice
A. Listed below are interesting topics. Write an essay using one topic
below. Your essay should follow the linear format in writing:
Introduction, Body, Conclusion. It should be written
comprehensively—no less than 1,200 words. Use the rubric that
follows in grading your essay.

1. The life cycle of a butterfly

2. Are vampires real?
3. What makes a country developed?
4. Emerging trends in architecture
5. Trends in engineering designs
6. Technology is largely misused to destroy the world
7. Introducing information technology in remote communities
8. Information technology act
9. The wonders of communication media
10. Television violence: How it affects children
11. Cross culture adoption
12. The history of the English language
13. Behaviors and attitudes of the street children
14. Adolescent depression: A rampant problem
15. What makes a very good educational program?
16. Popular games that are safe for small school going children
17. Stopping smoking in public points

B. A. Manzano, M. V. P. Arador, & M. A. P. Ladia Page 175

Purposive Communication for College Freshmen

18. Rights of prisoners; are they necessary?

19. The secret of cooking native delicacies
20. Work life balance
21. Best way to lose weight: what has worked
22. Healthy lifestyle
23. The history of the periodic table
24. Ethics in business
25. Best global NGOs

Write your essay here (You may use additional sheets):

B. A. Manzano, M. V. P. Arador, & M. A. P. Ladia Page 176

Purposive Communication for College Freshmen

Continuation of your essay:

B. A. Manzano, M. V. P. Arador, & M. A. P. Ladia Page 177

Purposive Communication for College Freshmen

Continuation of your essay:

B. A. Manzano, M. V. P. Arador, & M. A. P. Ladia Page 178

Purposive Communication for College Freshmen

Essay Rubric

Category 4 3 2 1 Score
Excellent Very Good Good Poor
Content The main The main The main points The main
points are points are are explained to points are
explained to a explained to a some extent. explained to a
very great great extent. little extent.
extent.
Organization Ideas are Ideas are Ideas are Ideas lack
arranged arranged arranged in a sequence.
following a mostly in somewhat
logical appropriate disconnected
sequence with order with fashion. The
a beginning, beginning, beginning,
middle and middle, and middle, or end
end. end. may be deleted.
Style and Writing is Writing is clear Writing is mostly Writing is
Perspective smooth and and easy to clear, but confusing and
skillful. understand, but sentences lack hard to follow.
Sentences are dull in spots. variety and Sentences are
strong and Sentences are interest. The dull and
expressive with varied, but still point of view is monotonous.
varied need some inconsistent or Author's
structure. Point revision. not clear in perspective is
of view is Perspective is spots. not clear.
consistent clear.
(predominately
3rd person) and
words are well
chosen.
Language Use Use of Use of Use of language Explanation
and Vocabulary language language indicates includes little
reflects an indicates basic superficial or no use of
elaborated and understanding understanding correct
personalized of the topic. of the topic. language.
understanding Good use of Fairly simple Simple
of the topic. academic vocabulary. vocabulary
Very good use vocabulary. Some academic and little or no
of academic vocabulary. academic
vocabulary. vocabulary.
Grammar and No error in Grammar, Some grammar, Contains
Mechanics grammar, punctuation, punctuation, many errors
punctuation, spelling, and spelling, or on grammar,
spelling, or capitalization capitalization spelling,
capitalization are generally errors make the punctuation,
that distracts correct. The writing difficult or
the reader and errors do not to understand in capitalization
make the ideas interfere with spots. which makes
difficult to the writer's the writing
understand. meaning. difficult to
understand.
Rating
Adjectival Description

B. A. Manzano, M. V. P. Arador, & M. A. P. Ladia Page 179

Purposive Communication for College Freshmen

B. Create a PowerPoint presentation of your essay in “Let’s Practice

A.” Evaluate your PPT using the rubric below.

Rubric for a PowerPoint Project

Components 5 4 3 2 1 Score
Excellent Very Good Good Fair Poor
Content Content is Content is Content is Content is Content is
accurate and accurate but accurate but questionable inaccurate and
information is some information is and information is
presented in a information not presented information is not presented
logical order. are not in a logical not presented in a logical
presented in a order, making in a logical order, making it
logical order, it difficult to order, making difficult to
but follow. it difficult to follow.
are still follow.
generally
easy to follow.
Slide Creation Presentation Presentation Presentation Presentation Presentation
flows well and flows well. flows well. is has no flow. No
logically. Tools used Some tools unorganized. tools used.
Presentation correctly. used to show Tools are not Insufficient
Reflects Correct acceptable used in a number of
extensive number of understanding. relevant slides.
use of tools in a slides. Overall Correct manner.
creative way. presentation number Lacking in
Correct number is interesting. of slides. number of
of slides. slides.
Slide Transitions Transitions are Smooth Smooth Very few No transitions
smooth and transitions are transitions are transitions are used.
interesting. used on most used on some used and/or
Transitions slides. slides. they distract
enhance the the
presentation. presentation.
Pictures, Clip Art Images are Images are Most images Images are No images.
and Background appropriate. appropriate. are inappropriate.
Layout of Layout is appropriate.
images is cluttered.
pleasing to the
eye.
Mechanics No spelling Few spelling Some spelling Some spelling Many spelling
error. No errors. Few errors. Some errors. Some errors and/or
grammar error. grammar grammar grammar text is copied.
Text is in errors. errors. errors. Most
authors' own Text is in Text is in of text is in
words. authors' own authors' own authors' own
words. words. words.
Technology Comprehensive General Acceptable Little No
Connection use of understanding understanding understanding understanding
technology of technology. of technology. of technology. of technology.
is apparent.
Rating
Adjectival Description
SOURCE: Grading Rubric, Retrieved from 2015SPOTHigh-Fehlbaum_AcademicProgram_PowerPoint
Rubric.pdf

B. A. Manzano, M. V. P. Arador, & M. A. P. Ladia Page 180

Purposive Communication for College Freshmen

C. Using the same topic you chose in “Let’s Practice A,” prepare a
flipchart, foam board or poster board, or handouts. Present and use
your output in class. Use the grading rubric below to assess your
output.

Grading Rubric

Visual Display 4 3 2 1
Excellent Good Fair Poor Score
Display content The visual includes The visual The visual does The visual
all information on presents the not contain all of does not have
the topic in an information fairly, the relevant relevant
organized fashion. clearly, and it information. information.
Information is displays a reason- Information is not Information is
presented clearly able well organized. unorganized.
and displays a understanding of Information
complete information. Most contains several
understanding of information are factual errors.
information. factually correct.
Information is
somewhat
organized.
Work Effort The work was done The work was Work is done with Lack of effort
well to the best of done with good fair effort, but the on the
the learner’s ability. effort that shows quality is still not learner’s part.
Quality time and what the learner is what the learner is Work is
effort were put into capable of. It is capable of. It is incomplete.
the presentation. evident that time evident that the Learner is
was put into this work was rushed capable of
display and or done with lack doing better.
presentation. of effort.
Creativity The visual has The visual is clear The visual lacks The visual is
creativity and is and logical and style and reads not written in
presented in a clear contains facts as more like a list of learner’s own
and concise well as very few facts. Somewhat words. Lack
manner with full mistakes. Good written in learner’s of creativity.
understanding of clear presentation. own words.
the subject. Written Mostly written in
in learner’s own learner’s own
words. words.
Mechanics Writer has Writer has all Writing has mostly Writer has
completely correct correct spelling, correct spelling some correct
spelling, punctuation, and punctuation, and spelling,
punctuation, and mostly correct grammar. Some punctuation,
grammar. No grammar. Few missing words. or grammar.
missing word. missing words.
Rating
Adjectival Description
SOURCE: iRubric: Visual Aid Rubric, Retrieved from https://www.rcampus.com/rubricshowc.cfm?
code=L3BWC6&sp=yes&

B. A. Manzano, M. V. P. Arador, & M. A. P. Ladia Page 181

Purposive Communication for College Freshmen

D. Group yourselves into five or less. Organize yourselves for a

planning session in order to facilitate the task easily. Follow the
instructions below:

1. Select a beautiful spot or a significant event in your place.

2. Plan for the video coverage of your choice.
3. Besides the video, prepare your script to retell what you have
covered.
4. Create an audiovisual presentation.
5. Present it in class.
6. Evaluate your video using the grading rubric below.

Grading Rubric

Components 4 3 2 1
Excellent Good Fair Poor Score
Script and Script and Script and Script and Script and
storyboard storyboard follow a storyboard follow storyboard follow story board do
sequence. They a sequence and a sequence but not give
include all include most leave out details. details of the
important details details, yet still procedure to
and effectively seems be taught, nor
teach the topic. unorganized. does it follow
a logical
sequence.
Camera work Camera work is Camera is steady, Camera work Camera shots
steady, well but the overall sticks to basic are
balanced with video is still shots only. It unimaginative
details and medium lacking in includes only a and dull.
shots. It effectively sufficient visual few close ups. It Close ups
teaches the topic. details. may be unsteady. were not
utilized.
Audio Audio is clear, Audio is clear, but Audio is clear but Audio is
properly miked, free still has rare single channel unclear or
of noise, and occasional issues only. It is often missing.
effectively teaches in quality or is mismatched to the
the topic. improperly miked. video being
shown.
Titling Titles effectively Titles are Video only has an The video
support the topic employed at only a introductory title lacks or is
with details and basic level and do and end title but missing titles
instruction. not add extra misses or uses titles
detail. opportunities to that are
support the unreadable.
subject.
Rating
Adjectival Description
SOURCE: iRubric: How-to Video Rubric, Retrieved from https://www.rcampus.com/rubricshowc.cfm
?code=W6973W&sp=yes&

B. A. Manzano, M. V. P. Arador, & M. A. P. Ladia Page 182

Purposive Communication for College Freshmen

Enrichment
Conduct an oral presentation in class, using the PPT you
prepared in “Let’s Practice B.” The criteria below will help you
evaluate your performance.

Judging Criteria for Oral Presentation

Criteria Descriptions Percentage Score

Time Structure and Time structure is 6 minutes, with 15%
Delivery a 1-minute self/group
introduction and a 5-minute
paper presentation.

The presenter delivers with a

favorable impression on voice,
poise, and eye contact. S/he has
a smooth and clear delivery.
S/he may use notes but not read
from them.

Organization The presentation is consistently 30%

clear and logical. The presenter
makes a clear presentation of the
introduction, body, and
conclusion of her/his paper.

Use of the PPT The presenter uses a clear and 15%

readable PowerPoint
presentation. It enhances the
presentation and was prepared
in a professional manner.

• Font on visuals is large enough

to be seen by all.
• Information is organized to
maximize audience
understanding.
• Details are minimized so that
main points stand out.
• Sound effects contribute to its
aesthetic appeal; it is not

B. A. Manzano, M. V. P. Arador, & M. A. P. Ladia Page 183

Purposive Communication for College Freshmen

distracting
Expertise and The presenter demonstrates 15%
Mastery adequate knowledge about the
topic. S/he answers questions
about her/his work clearly and
succinctly.

Total Package The presenter’s personal 25%

appearance is completely
appropriate for the presentation
and the audience. S/he talks and
convinces people to believe in
what s/he says. Body language
reflects confidence and ease
when interacting with audience.
TOTAL 100%

EQUIVALENT RATING
Range Description
94-100 Excellent
87-93 Very Good
80-86 Good
71-79 Fair
70 & below Needs Improvement

e-link
Below are some links that will help you hone your skill on
communication and strategies using tools of technology.

Creating Multimodal Texts

http://creating multimodaltexts.com/

The World’s Worst Research Presentation

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nSGqp4-bZQY

Animated PowerPoint Presentation Example

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pHDxcTnAxk0

Thesis Presentation Sample PowerPoint

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n4tBvd55H1U

B. A. Manzano, M. V. P. Arador, & M. A. P. Ladia Page 184

Purposive Communication for College Freshmen

Sample Oral Presentation

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7iQdY1v9c98

B. A. Manzano, M. V. P. Arador, & M. A. P. Ladia Page 185