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Types of Interrupts

An interrupt is a signal that interrupts the normal flow of a program to notify the processor of an event that requires immediate attention. There are four main types of interrupts: hardware interrupts generated by external devices; software interrupts generated by program instructions; internal interrupts caused by errors in program execution; and external interrupts from I/O devices or timing circuits. Hardware interrupts can be maskable, which can be delayed for higher priority interrupts, or non-maskable, which must be processed immediately. Software interrupts include normal interrupts caused by program instructions and exception interrupts caused by unplanned events like division by zero.

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7K views11 pages

Types of Interrupts

An interrupt is a signal that interrupts the normal flow of a program to notify the processor of an event that requires immediate attention. There are four main types of interrupts: hardware interrupts generated by external devices; software interrupts generated by program instructions; internal interrupts caused by errors in program execution; and external interrupts from I/O devices or timing circuits. Hardware interrupts can be maskable, which can be delayed for higher priority interrupts, or non-maskable, which must be processed immediately. Software interrupts include normal interrupts caused by program instructions and exception interrupts caused by unplanned events like division by zero.

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Pawan Kumar
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COMPUTER ORGANISATION & ARCHITECTURE

INTRODUCTION
Interrupt is a signal which has the highest
priority from hardware or software which
processor should process its signal
immediately.
 A condition or event that cause a break in
the normal flow of control in a program.
 Basically interrupt is a signal.
 signal can be generated from particular
hardware or signal can be generate
particular program execution.
TYPES OF INTERRUPTS

1) Hardware Interrupts

2) Software Interrupts

3) Internal Interrupts

4) External Interrupts
HARDWARE INTERRUPTS

If the signal for the processor is from external


device or hardware is called hardware
interrupts.
e.g.. From keyboard we will press the key to
do some action this pressing of key in
keyboard will generate a signal which is
given to the processor to do action, such
interrupts are called hardware interrupts.
 Hardware interrupts can be classified
into two types they are
 MASKABLE INTERRUPTS:
The hardware interrupts which can be
delayed when a much highest priority
interrupt has occurred to the processor.
 NON MASKABLE INTERRUPTS:
The hardware which cannot be delayed
and should process by the processor
immediately.
SOFTWARE INTERRUPTS

Software interrupts is a particular


instructions that can be inserted into the
desired location in the program.
 Software interrupt can also divided in
to two types. They are
 NORMAL INTERRUPTS:
The interrupts which are caused by the
software instructions are called software
instructions.
 EXCEPTION INTERRUPTS:
Unplanned interrupts while executing a
program is called Exception.
egg: while executing a program if we got
a value which should be divided by zero
is called a exception.
INTERNAL INTRRRUPS
Internal interrupts arise from illegal or
erroneous use of an instruction or data.
Internal interrupts are also called Traps.
e.g. Interrupts caused by internal
conditions are register overflow, attempt
to divide by zero, an invalid operation
code, stack overflow and protection
violation. These error conditions usually
occur as a result of a permanent
termination of the instruction execution.
EXTERNAL interrupts
External interrupts come from I/O devices,
from a timing device, from a circuit
monitoring the power supply or from any
external sources.
e.g. I/O devices requesting transfer of data.
This can be further classified as:
 TIMEOUT INTERRUPT:
This interrupt arises from a program that is in
an endless loop and thus exedees its time
allocation.
DIFFERENCE
INTERNAL INTERRUPTS EXTERNAL INTERRUPTS
 Internal interrupts are  External interrupts are
synchronous with the asynchronous with the
program execution. program execution.
 Internal interrupts are  External interrupts are
dependent on system independent of system
clock. clock.
 If we rerun the  External interrupts are
program, internal independent of the
interrupt will occur in program execution.
the same place each
time.
PAWAN KUMAR
193009

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