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Presented by Hrudya

CATV systems distribute television programs to subscribers via coaxial cables or fiber optic cables. Signals are sent bidirectionally from head stations to users and back. The physical layer uses frequencies between 50-750 MHz for downstream and 5-42 MHz for upstream. DOCSIS is the standard that allows transmission of IP data between cable modems and the cable modem termination system using a multiple access technique to avoid collisions in the upstream direction. Services provided over CATV include video on demand and internet access.

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Divya Krishnan
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58 views10 pages

Presented by Hrudya

CATV systems distribute television programs to subscribers via coaxial cables or fiber optic cables. Signals are sent bidirectionally from head stations to users and back. The physical layer uses frequencies between 50-750 MHz for downstream and 5-42 MHz for upstream. DOCSIS is the standard that allows transmission of IP data between cable modems and the cable modem termination system using a multiple access technique to avoid collisions in the upstream direction. Services provided over CATV include video on demand and internet access.

Uploaded by

Divya Krishnan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CATV

Presented by
Hrudya
CATV
 Cable TV
 Originally community antenna TV
 is a system for distributing television programs to subscribers
via radio frequency (RF) signals transmitted through coaxial
cables or digital light pulses through hybrid fibre coaxial (HFC)
networks.
 To receive cable television at a given location, cable
distribution lines must be available on the local utility poles
 Coaxial cable brings the signal to the customer's building
through a service drop, an overhead or underground cable.
 The cable company's portion of the wiring usually ends at a
distribution box on the building exterior, and built-in cable
usually distributes the signal through the walls to jacks in
different rooms to which televisions are connected.
STANDARD CABLE TV SYSTEM
 Head station distributes the
video programs over a coaxial
cable network .
 Each program occupies a 6-
MHz channel .
 The spectrum between 50
and 550 MHz
 It can accommodate up to 80
channels.
 Every subscriber receives the
same program.
LAYOUT
 The network
connects the head stations of the service
providers to the user equipment.
it consists of optical fiber terminating at a
fiber node to which is attached a local
coaxial network that connects to 500
homes .
 The fiber node
converts the down stream optical signal
originating at the head end into an
electrical signal
upstream electrical signal originating at
the users into an optical signal.
 The Head stations
will access the video servers , web servers
and the internet via a backbone network.
Distributes the programs

 Signals are bidirectional


down stream from head stations to users
up stream to head stations
 Total Bandwidth is increased to 750 MHz
WIRELESS CABLE SYSTEM
 An alternative distribution technology
in which all or a part of the
distribution system is wireless.
 Wireless cable system (WLC)
subscribers directly access the signal
broad cast from the head end
stations.
 Hybrid /fiber wireless system (HFWL)
a digital video signal is sent to the
curb over optical fiber and
the local co axial system is replaced
by a local wireless system.
 The wireless portion of the network would
extend over short distances.
 These systems may be less expensive
than cable when there is a high
geographical concentration of users.
CATV LAYERED NETWORK
 We can decompose the
functions of catv network into
3 layers.
• Decomposition is different for
down stream and upstream.
• The proposed use of
frequency band is from 5 to
750 MHz
• Down stream and upstream
signal occupy different
frequency bands.
CONTINUE..............
Down stream
 Physical Layer:
50 to 750 MHz
Conventional analog broadcasts that
can be received by existing television
sets occupy 6 MHz channels between
50 and 550 MHz (ie 38 Mbps over 6
MHz chnl)
The spectrum between 550 to 750 may
carry digital MPEG-2 programs , data
streams and down stream telephony
Using QAM-64 or 16-VSB modulators
each 6 MHz analog channel is
converted into a data link with a bit rate
of 27 to 38 Mbps
Such a link is used to carry 6 to 10
MPEG-2 programs at rates of 3.5 Mbps
or transport digital data to users
The Mpeg programs may be decoded
by set to boxes
Transmission of user data requires
cable modems
 Network Layer:
_ The down stream signals are carried
by a circuit switched network.
CONTINUE..............
Up stream :
 Physical Layer :
 Upstream signal occupy 5 to 42 MHz
spectrum
 This spectrum is usually divided in 2
MHz channels
 Because the network has a tree and
branch structure , the transmission
path from users to the head end is
shared.
 The effect is that the signal received
at the head end is the sum of the
user signals
 Hence a Mac protocol is needed for
collision free access
 Also the path can cause addition of
noises
 The bits are modulated using QPSK
and forward error correction is used
 The bit rate is about 3 Mbps for each
2 MHz channel.
 LLC/MAC :
 Uses a multiple access technique
(DOCSIS) for accessing data.
DATE OVER CABLE SERVICE INTERFACE
SPECIFICATIONS (DOCSIS)
What is DOCSIS ? Working
 The frames are divided into mini slots
 Date Over Cable Service  When a user makes a request , the CMTS
Interface Specifications may grant the user a certain number of
mini slots in the next frame .
 An emerging standard  The requests include modem id and
developed by MCNS amount of bandwidth requested.
consortium (multimedia  The grants are carried out in a down
Cable Network Systems ) stream frame
 However more than one cable modem may
 The goal is to transparently request at the same time resulting in
transmit IP traffic between the collision
user cable modem and the  The colliding modems learn abt this , bcoz
cable modem termination they do not receive any grants
system (CMTS) at the head  They must back off for a random amount of
time before making another request.
end
 The standard also specifies how user
ethernet packets or ATM cells are to be
framed .
SERVICES OVER CATV

Video On Demand Internet Access

 Also known as video dial tone  Internet service providers


 The subscribers can demand for together with cable operators
a video offer , subscribers ,internet
 Subscribers browse through a access ,over a shared link (3
large collection of video Mbps upstream and 38 Mbps
programs and request a program downsteram )
, using their set top boxes .
 Typically 10 subscribers
 The head end transports the
requests (MPEG digital stream) share a resource at any time
over an available channel .
 The set top box demodulates  Subscribers must purchase a
and decompress the received bit cable modem and usually
stream. pay a monthly flat rate .
 And generated the NTSC or
HDTV signal for display on the
TV set

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