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Essay #2: Science, Technology, and Society

The document discusses the early civilization in the Cordillera region of the Philippines and the indigenous Igorot people. It describes how the Igorots built the famous Banaue Rice Terraces over 2,000 years ago and how the land and rice terraces are integral to Igorot identity and culture. It provides details on Igorot traditions, rituals, and the science behind their terrace farming technique, which cuts soil erosion and maximizes nutrient retention in the soil.

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AngelEncarnacionCorral
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71 views3 pages

Essay #2: Science, Technology, and Society

The document discusses the early civilization in the Cordillera region of the Philippines and the indigenous Igorot people. It describes how the Igorots built the famous Banaue Rice Terraces over 2,000 years ago and how the land and rice terraces are integral to Igorot identity and culture. It provides details on Igorot traditions, rituals, and the science behind their terrace farming technique, which cuts soil erosion and maximizes nutrient retention in the soil.

Uploaded by

AngelEncarnacionCorral
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY

Lecture 2: Human History and the Rise of Agriculture

ESSAY #2

Angelica E. Corral

BS Entrepreneurship 1-B

September 14, 2020


Early Cordillera Civilization

The cordillera administrative region is the home of the famous place and scenery in the
Philippines, the Banaue Rice Terraces. It is considered cordillera's living cultural heritage built by the
early cordillera civilization some 2,000 years ago. For the indigenous people of cordillera, land and
ancestral domain are paramount their identity as people. The land is not only a means of survival for
the cordilleras but also a way of life. Rice terraces represent their lives, struggles, and aspirations of the
cordilleras.

The Igorot is a group of related village-based societies in the mountainous country of central
and northern Luzon, the largest island in the Philippine island. While most of the Philippines' peoples
are either Christian or Muslim, the Igorot practice a native religion often called "animism," an
anthropological term is referring to the belief that spirits permeate the material world. Although Spain
began colonizing the Philippines in the sixteenth century, the Igorot's isolation in their mountainous
homeland enabled them to maintain their cultural and political autonomy. The Igorots build their houses
on piles. The pyramid-shaped roof is used as a bedroom, kitchen, and storeroom. All in one space!
There are no windows. To please the Gods, the skull of a sacrificed pig is fixed outside the house. The
residents still live in the same type of homes as their ancestors. The Igorots still practices the same skills
as in the past: Woodcarving, weaving clothes, hunting, and farming. With their name derived from the
word "ipugo," which translates to "from the hill," their customs, traditions, and religious beliefs were
untouched by colonialism. Apart from the rice terraces, they take pride in their literature, woodcarvings
of their spiritual deities, colorful woven textiles, and traditional clothing where the men wear g-string
called "wanno" and the woman wear a skirt or "tapis." The Ifugaos practice several rituals. Some of
these rituals are; Hingot, the betrothal ritual which announces the union of two families (generally,
marriages among the Ifugaos are prearranged); Amung, a sacrificial way wherein the gods and the
family's ancestors are asked to make the body healthy, the mother well and strong, and the family
wealthy; Uya-uy, a ritual of feasting; Hagabi, a tradition of those aspiring to attain the rank of the real
"kadangayan. "; Ketema, a ceremony intended to identify the spirit which caused a particular sickness;
Ayag, a ritual performed to determine the evil spirits who caused an illness; Kolot, a tradition for the
first cutting of child's hair.

The science concept applied in building the rice terraces is terrace farming. This approach has
the potential to cut down soil erosion by over 70% and enhances soil quality that maximize the nutrients
of the soil. Instead of rain carrying away the soil nutrients and plants down the slope, they flow to the
next terrace whenever it rains. Every step has an outlet that channels the water to the next step. It helps
in keeping some areas dry and others wet. Different crops apart from rice can be grown in very high
altitudes because rice does not do well in high altitudes. Although the downside of this type of farming
is it can be dangerous because it can lead to rainwater saturation in some hilly areas.
SOURCES

https://www.tourismontheedge.com/hidden-places/asia/banaue-rice-terraces-a-treasure-from-the-
ancestors

https://ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca-3/subcommissions/subcommission-on-cultural-heritagesch/historical-
research/ethnic-history-cordillera/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordillera_autonomy_movement?fbclid=IwAR0BJDxPKINr1xxByd3yb
EDbyrnTdMKA2VNiRUY1qBiY6hdK8_3381Fy678

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=syrOMnuXXNg&t=22s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VBJAZvZYNv4&t=455s

https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-is-terrace-farming.html

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