Compressor Problems
Compressor Problems
1. A single stage double acting air compressor of 150KW power takes air in at
16 bar & delivers at 6 bar. The compression follows the law PV = C. the
1.35
PV = C, n = 1.35
1.35
d = 0.3350
2
d = 0.57M
2. A single stage single acting reciprocating air compressor is required to
handle 30m of
3
free air per hour measured at 1 bar . the delivery pressure is 6.5 bar and the s peed
is 450 r.p.m
allowing volumetric efficienc y of 75%;an isothermal efficiency of 76% and
mechanical
efficiency of 80% Find the indicated mean effective pressure and the po wer
required the
compressor
Given data
Volume V1 =30m 2
Pressure P1=1 bar ,
P2=6.5 bar Speed N=450 r.p.m
Volumetric efficiency ηv=75%
Isothermal efficiency ηi=76%
Mechanical efficiency ηm=80%
To find
The indicated mean eff ective pressure
The power required to drive the compressor
Solution
Indicted Mean Effectiv e Pressure
We know that isothermal work done
Therefore the power required to drive the compressor = =2.56KW
Result
Indicated mean effective pressure pm=184.5KN/m The power required to
2
H.P. cylinder at 4.5bar and 27 c. the size of the L.P cylind er is 400mm diameter
o
and 500mm stroke. The clearance volume In both cylinder is 4% of the respective
stroke volume. The compressor runs at 200rpm, taking index of compression and
ex pansion in the two cylinders as 1.3, estimate 1. The indicated power required to
run the comp ressor; and 2. The heat rejected in the intercooler per minute.
Given data
Pressure (P4)= 20bar
Pressure (P1) = 1bar = 1× 10 N/m
5 2
Temperature (T1) = 27 C = 27+273 = 300K Pressure (P2) = 4.7bar
o
Pressure (P3) = 4.5bar
Temperature (T3) = 27 C = 27+273 = 300K Diameter (D1) = 400mm 0.4m Stroke
o
Total indicated work done by the compressor,
W = WL + WH = 2123.3 + 2034 .5 = 4157.8 KJ/min
Indicated power required to run the compressor
= 4157.8 / 60
= 69.3KW
Volumetric Efficiency in terms of Clearance Ratio �K�
Refer to the diagram 32.1. It is clear that after expansion, the clearance volume gas takes the
volume V4 at which suction valve opens. So, the fresh air is sucked only from volume V4 to V1.
If this air is reduced to intake or outside atmospheric pressure and temperature Pa and Ta, the
actual volume of air sucked will be
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If the ambient and suction conditions are same (i.e., considering only the effect of Clearance
Ratio)
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32.2 Work Equation for Single Stage Compressor (Neglecting clearance Volume)
The theoretical cycle for single stage compressor without clearance volume is shown on P-V
diagram as:
: Polytropic Compression
�Adiabatic Compression
: Isothermal Compression
W = Area under curve 1-2 + Area under curve 2-3 � Area under curve 4-1.
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The theoretical cycle of a single stage air-compressor with clearance volume is already shown in
fig 32.1. From the diagram, it is clear that
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Neglecting clearance volume, the overall cycle diagram for multistage compression is as shown
in fig 32.3
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Eq. (i)]
We know P1V1= P3V3 for isothermal Process 1-3. Also for minimum work, pressure ratio per
stage is equal i.e.,
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32.5.1 A single stage reciprocating air compressor takes in 8m3/min of air at 1 bar and 300 C and
delivers it at 6 bar. The clearance is 5% of the stroke. The expansion and compression are
polytropic with the value of n=1.3. Calculate: (a) the temperature of delivered air; (b) volumetric
efficiency, and (c) Power of the compressor.
Solution
� Volumetric efficiency
Volumetric efficiency,
Solution
N = 500 r.p.m
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32.5.3 A single stage double acting air compressor delivers 5 m 3 of free air per minute at 1 ata
and 200 C to 7.5 bar with the following data;
R.P.M. = 300; Mechanical efficiency = 0.9; Pressure loss in passing through intake valves = 0.04
bar; Temperature rise of air during suction stroke = 120 C ; Clearance volume = 5% of stroke
volume; Index of compression and expansion, n=1.3; Length of the stroke = 1.3 times the
cylinder diameter.
Calculate: 1. Power input to the shaft; 2. The volumetric efficiency; and 3. The cylinder
diameter.
Solution
N = 300 r.p.m
ηm=0.9
vc = 5%
vs =0.05 vs
n = 1.3
L = 1.3 D
As there is a pressure loss of 0.04 bar in passing through intake valves, therefore net suction
pressure will be equal to
Given that there is a temperature rise of 120 C of air during suction stroke, therefore temperature
at the beginning of compression of air will be
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2. Volumetric efficiency
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3. Cylinder diameter
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Since the compressor is double acting, therefore number of working strokes per minute = 2N
=2x300=600 and swept volume per minute
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And
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