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Compressor Problems

This document contains information about solved problems related to air compressors. Problem 1 describes a single stage double acting air compressor that takes in air at 16 bar and delivers it at 6 bar. It is determined that the size of the cylinder is 0.57 meters based on the given power, piston speed, pressures, and the polytropic process. Problem 2 provides data for a single stage single acting air compressor and asks to determine the indicated mean effective pressure and power required. It is calculated that the indicated mean effective pressure is 184.5 KN/m^2 and the power required is 2.56KW. Problem 3 gives additional data for a two stage single acting air compressor and asks to calculate

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Kaustubh
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100% found this document useful (1 vote)
3K views

Compressor Problems

This document contains information about solved problems related to air compressors. Problem 1 describes a single stage double acting air compressor that takes in air at 16 bar and delivers it at 6 bar. It is determined that the size of the cylinder is 0.57 meters based on the given power, piston speed, pressures, and the polytropic process. Problem 2 provides data for a single stage single acting air compressor and asks to determine the indicated mean effective pressure and power required. It is calculated that the indicated mean effective pressure is 184.5 KN/m^2 and the power required is 2.56KW. Problem 3 gives additional data for a two stage single acting air compressor and asks to calculate

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Kaustubh
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SOLVED PROBLEMS

 
1.     A single stage double acting air compressor of 150KW power takes air in at
16 bar & delivers at 6 bar. The compression follows the law PV  = C. the
1.35

compressor runs at 160rpm with average piston speed of 150 m/min.


Determine the size of the cylinder.
 
Given data
 
Power (P) = 150KW
Piston speed (2lN) = 150m /min
Speed (N) = 160rpm 160/6 0 = 2.7rps
Pressure (P1) = 1bar = 100 KN/m 2

Pressure (P2) = 6bar = 600 KN/m 2

PV  = C,   n = 1.35
1.35

Hence it is a polytropic pr ocess.


 
To find
 
Size of the cylinder (d) ?
 
Solution
 
It is given that,
 
2lN = 2.5m/s
 
 
 
150 = 2 × 82.899 d  × 2.7
2

d  = 0.3350
2

 
d = 0.57M
 
2.  A single stage single acting  reciprocating  air compressor is required  to 
handle 30m    of
3

free air per hour measured at 1 bar . the delivery pressure is 6.5 bar and the s peed
is 450 r.p.m
 
allowing volumetric efficienc y of 75%;an isothermal   efficiency  of   76%  and
mechanical
efficiency  of 80%  Find the indicated mean effective pressure and the po wer
required  the
compressor
 
Given data
Volume                      V1 =30m 2

Pressure                                P1=1 bar ,
P2=6.5 bar Speed               N=450 r.p.m
Volumetric efficiency  ηv=75%
 
Isothermal efficiency ηi=76%
 
Mechanical efficiency ηm=80%
 
To find
 
The indicated mean eff ective pressure
The power required to drive the compressor
 
 
Solution
 
Indicted Mean Effectiv e Pressure
 
We know that isothermal work done
 
 
Therefore the power required to drive the compressor = =2.56KW
 
Result
 
Indicated mean effective pressure pm=184.5KN/m  The power required to
2

drive the compressor =2.56KW


 
 
 
 
3. A two stages, single acting air compressor compresses air to 20bar. The air
enters the L.P cylinder at 1bar and 27 c and leaves it at 4.7bar. The air enters the
o

H.P. cylinder at 4.5bar and 27 c. the size of the L.P cylind er is 400mm diameter
o

and 500mm stroke. The clearance volume In both cylinder is 4% of the respective
stroke volume. The compressor runs at 200rpm, taking index of compression and
ex pansion in the two cylinders as 1.3, estimate 1. The indicated power required to
run the comp ressor; and 2. The heat rejected in the intercooler per minute.
 
Given data
Pressure (P4)= 20bar
Pressure (P1) = 1bar = 1× 10  N/m
5 2

 
Temperature (T1) = 27 C = 27+273 = 300K Pressure (P2) = 4.7bar
o

 
Pressure (P3) = 4.5bar
 
Temperature (T3) = 27 C = 27+273 = 300K Diameter (D1) = 400mm 0.4m Stroke
o

(L1) = 5 00mm = 0.5m


 K = 0.04
N = 200rpm ; n = 1.3
 
To find
 
Indicated power required to run the compressor
 
Solution
 
We know the sw ept volume of the L.P cylinder
= 2043.5× 10  J/min = 2034.5 KJ/min
3

 
 
Total indicated work done by the compressor,
 
W = WL + WH = 2123.3 + 2034 .5 = 4157.8 KJ/min
 
Indicated power required to run the compressor
 
= 4157.8 / 60
= 69.3KW
 
Volumetric Efficiency in terms of Clearance Ratio �K�

Refer to the diagram 32.1. It is clear that after expansion, the clearance volume gas takes the
volume V4 at which suction valve opens. So, the fresh air is sucked only from volume V4 to V1.

Fig. 32.1 P-V Diagram of single stage reciprocating air-compressor

So effective volume sucked of fresh air = V1 - V4

The pressure and temperature of this volume are P1 and T1.

If this air is reduced to intake or outside atmospheric pressure and temperature Pa and Ta, the
actual volume of air sucked will be

��������������� 

��������������� 

As per the definition of volumetric efficiency:

��������������� 

��������������� 
���������   

�����������  ��������������
����������������������������������������
����������������������������������������
����������������� ����������������������
������������� ......... (Eq. 32.1)

Consider the polytrophic expansion process 3-4

��������������� 

����������� or� P2VnC = P1V4n

����������� 

Substituting this value in equation (1)

�����������  �� ��������������
����������������������������������������
����������������������������������������
������������������������ ���������������
�������������������� ......... (Eq. 32.2)

If the ambient and suction conditions are same (i.e., considering only the effect of Clearance
Ratio)

����������� P1 = Pa and Ta = T1

�����������  �
�� �������������
����������������������������������������
����������������������������������������
��������������������� ������������������
����������������������������� ......... (Eq. 32.3)

This is the equation for volumetric efficiency in terms of Clearance Ratio.

32.2  Work Equation for Single Stage Compressor (Neglecting clearance Volume)
The theoretical cycle for single stage compressor without clearance volume is shown on P-V
diagram as:

: Polytropic Compression

�Adiabatic Compression

: Isothermal Compression

Fig. 32.2 Compression cycle 1-2-3-4

Consider the polytropic compression �1-2�

Work done per cycle is area 1-2-3-4-1

W = Area under curve 1-2 + Area under curve 2-3 � Area under curve 4-1.

 ���������� 

��������������� 

��������������� 

��������������� 
��������������� 

� ����������
�������������������������������������������
������������� ������������������������������
����������������� ......... (Eq. 32.4)

32.3  Theoretical Work Considering Clearance Volume

The theoretical cycle of a single stage air-compressor with clearance volume is already shown in
fig 32.1. From the diagram, it is clear that

����������� Work done per cycle = Area under 1 2 3 4 1

����������� Or W = Area 1-2-5-6-1 � Area 3-5-6-4-3

��������������� 

��������������� 

Now V1-V4 = Effective swept volume due to presence of clearance volume.

��������������� 

��������������� 

It usually varies between 60 to 85%

32.4  Multistage Compression with Inter Cooling


Fig 32.3 Multistage compression with zero value of C.V.

Neglecting clearance volume, the overall cycle diagram for multistage compression is as shown
in fig 32.3

Work done in 2-stages of compression

����������� = Work done in 1st stage + work done in 2nd stage

�����������  ��������
����������������������������������������
�������������������������������������� �
���������������������������������� ......... [Sub
Eq. (i)]

We know P1V1= P3V3 for isothermal Process 1-3. Also for minimum work, pressure ratio per
stage is equal i.e.,

��������������� 

Putting this in equation (1)

��������������� 
��������������� 

��������������� 

��������������� 

For �x� number of stages of compression

�����������          �������������
����������������������������������������
����������������������������������������
���������������� �����������������������
������������ ......... (Eq. 32.5)

When Pr= Total Pressure Ratio

32.5  Numerical Problems

32.5.1 A single stage reciprocating air compressor takes in 8m3/min of air at 1 bar and 300 C and
delivers it at 6 bar. The clearance is 5% of the stroke. The expansion and compression are
polytropic with the value of n=1.3. Calculate: (a) the temperature of delivered air; (b) volumetric
efficiency, and (c) Power of the compressor.

Solution

Given that v1-v4 = 8 m3/min

                                       p1 = 1 bar = 1x105N/m2

                                       T1 = 300 C = 30+273 = 303 K

                                       p2=6 bar = 6x105 N/m2

                                       vc =5% vs = 0.05 vs

                                        n= 1.3.

�         Temperature of delivered air


Let T2= Temperature of the delivered air.

We know that for a polytropic compression process 1-2

�         Volumetric efficiency

We know that clearance ratio,

Volumetric efficiency,

�         Power of the compressor

We know that work done by the compressor,


32.5.2. A single stage single acting reciprocating air compressor is required to handle 50 cum of
free air delivery per hour measured at 1 bar pressure. The delivery pressure is 6.5 bar and the
speed is 500 r.p.m.

Allowing a volumetric efficiency of 75%; an isothermal efficiency of 70% and a mechanical


efficiency of 90%; Calculate the indicated mean effective pressure and the power required to
drive the compressor.

Solution

Given: v1=50 m3/ hour

 p1=1 bar = 1x105 N/m2

 p2=6.5 bar = 6.5 x 105 N/m2

 N = 500 r.p.m

 ηv = 75% = 0.75

 ηi = 70% =0.70

 ηm = 90% = 0.9

1)         Indicated mean effective pressure:

            The expression for isothermal work done is given as 

��������������� 

����������� = 9359�103 J/h = 9359 kJ/hr

��������������� 

We know that swept volume of the piston,

��������������� 

��������������� 

��������������� 
����������� = 200 kN/m2

����������� = 2 bar (Ans.)

2)       Power required in driving of  the compressor:

Actual work done by the compressor is given as

��������������� 

��������������� 

32.5.3 A single stage double acting air compressor delivers 5 m 3 of free air per minute at 1 ata
and 200 C to 7.5 bar with the following data;

R.P.M. = 300; Mechanical efficiency = 0.9; Pressure loss in passing through intake valves = 0.04
bar; Temperature rise of air during suction stroke = 120 C ; Clearance volume = 5% of stroke
volume; Index of compression and expansion, n=1.3; Length of the stroke = 1.3 times the
cylinder diameter.

Calculate: 1. Power input to the shaft; 2. The volumetric efficiency; and 3. The cylinder
diameter.

Solution

Given:  Va= 5 m3/min

 pa =1 ata= 1.013 bar

 Ta= 200 C =20 +273 = 293 K

 p2= 7.5 bar;

N = 300 r.p.m

 ηm=0.9

Pressure loss = 0.04 bar

                           Temperature rise = 120 C

vc = 5%

vs =0.05 vs

n = 1.3
                           L = 1.3 D

Let V1=Volume of free air at the suction conditions.

As there is a pressure loss of 0.04 bar in passing through intake valves, therefore net suction
pressure will be equal to

p1= pa-0.04 = 1.013-0.04 = 0.973 bar = 0.973 x 105 N/m2

Given that there is a temperature rise of 120 C of air during suction stroke, therefore temperature
at the beginning of compression of air will be

����������� T1 = Ta + 12 = 20 + 12 = 320 C = 32 + 273 = 305 K

By Ideal gas equation

��������������� 

��������������� 

1. Power input to the shaft

We know that indicated work done

 ��������� 

������������� 

2. Volumetric efficiency

            We know that clearance ratio,


��������������� 

��������������� 

��������������� 

��������������� 

3. Cylinder diameter

����������� Let D = Cylinder diameter, and

����������� L = Stroke length = 1.3 D ����. (Given)

����������� We know that swept volume per stroke

��������������� 

Since the compressor is double acting, therefore number of working strokes per minute = 2N
=2x300=600 and swept volume per minute

��������������� 

We know that volumetric efficiency (ηv),

��������������� 

��������������� 

And

��������������� 

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