I.A. Read The Paragraphs Below and Match Them With The Threat They Refer To

I.A.
Read the paragraphs below and match them with the threat they refer to:
1.“Environmental racism is inequitable distribution of environmental

hazards based on race. The Federal Agency for Toxic Substances and ·Animal extinction
Disease Registry considers lead poisoning to be the number one
environmental health problem for children in the United States. Some 4
million children – many of whom are African American, Latino and Native ·Acid rain
American- have dangerously high lead levels in their bodies. This lead is
absorbed from contaminated drinking water and soil polluted by industrial
effluents and automobile exhaust.”
·Air pollution
2.“Every year humans kill about 100 million sharks, skates and rays,
about half of them caught as unwanted “by-catch” while fishing for other
species. Sharks are particularly sensitive to overfishing because they
grow slowly, mature late and have few young each generation. As top ·Overpopulation
predators, sharks play a crucial role in the health of the ocean
ecosystems and their extermination could lead to major ecological
changes in the ocean”. ·Water pollution
3.“ In February 2002, a huge section of the Larsen B Ice Shelf along The
Antarctic Peninsula coast suddenly disintegrated into thousands of
icebergs. The total volume of ice released was the equivalent to 29 ·Deforestation
trillion bags of party ice. Climatologists warn that this dramatic collapse
could be a signal of global climate change and an omen of catastrophic
events to come.”
·Ozone Depletion
4.“ A 1 percent loss of ozone results in a 2 percent increase in UV rays
reaching the earth’s surface and could result in about a million extra
human skin cancers per year worldwide.” ·Global warming
5.“ Every second, on average, four or five children are born somewhere
on the earth. I that same second, two other people die. This difference ·Toxic waste
between births and deaths means a net gain of roughly 2.5 more
humans per second in the world population. This means we are adding
9,000 per hour, 217,000 per day, or about 79 million more people per
year.”
6.“ Sulfur dioxide and sulphuric acid released by industry causes

massive destruction of the vegetation. Rains then wash away the
exposed soil, leaving a barren moonscape.”
7.“Pollution from factory pipes has been vastly reduced but erosion from
farm fields, construction sites, airborne mercury, sulphur and other
substances are increasingly contaminating lakes and wetlands.”
8.“ Worldwide, we lost between 9 million and 12 million ha of forest per

year from 1990 to 2000. Clear-cutting and burning especially in order to
get pasture and cropland have turned many forests into a dry, barren
ground”.
9.“ How does the air taste, feel, smell, and look in your neighbourhood?
Chances are that wherever you live, the air is contaminated to some
degree. Smoke, dust, corrosive gases and toxic compounds are present
nearly everywhere.”
Environmental Science − A Global Concern
B. Read the following text carefully:
The Amazon forest covers five million square kilometers, an area as big as the whole
Europe excluding Russia. It contains one third of the world’s trees. However, the trees are
disappearing. By 1974, a quarter of the forest had already been cut down. In the following
year, 1975, four per cent of the remaining trees went. If the destruction of the forest
continues at the same rate, there will be nothing left in a few years.
Scientists say that the disappearance of trees is already causing changes in the climate. In
Peru, there is less snow than before on the high peaks
of the Andes mountains. In Bolivia there is very little
rain.
What will happen if more of the Amazon forest is
cut down? According to climatologists if the Amazon
forest disappears, there will be less oxygen and it will
be difficult for us to breathe, the temperature will rise,
the ice-caps at the North and the South poles will
melt. Even the sea level will rise. Therefore, seaside
cities will be flooded.
Scientists do not agree about the calculations
which can be done in different ways with different results. But all the scientists agree that if
we destroy the Amazon forest, it will be an environmental suicide. Life on earth will become
difficult, and it may become impossible.
1-Give a title to the text.

_________________________________________________________________________________________
2-Say whether the following statements are true or false:
a-The Amazon forest is bigger than Europe. ________________

b-It contains most of the world’s trees. ______________
c-Deforestation leads to climate change. _______________
d-If the Amazon forest is destroyed, the coastal towns will be under water. ____________
3-Answer the following questions according to the text:

a- How big is the Amazon forest?
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
b- Why is the Amazon forest so important?

_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
c- What will happen if it ever disappears?

________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
4-Match the words with their synonyms:
1-whole a- weather
2-climate b-go up
3-rise c-result
4-consequence d- complete
5-Find in the text words that are opposite in meaning to:
-including §1 _____________________ -low §2 __________________________

-drop §3 ________________________ -easy §4 _________________________
1.Gap-filling
Fill in the gaps in the text below with the words from the table.
acid – change – endangered – environmental – layer –
ozone – polluted – rainforests – reduction – renewable
Friends of the Earth is the world’s largest international network of (1)

………………………………………. Groups represented in 68 countries. In the UK, it was the first
organization to campaign to save whales, (2) ……………………………….. species and tropical
(3) …………………………………………. . Friends of the Earth also fought against (4)
………………………………………… rain, (5) ……………………… depletion and climate (6)
…………………………
The organization’s present campaigns cover many more issues, such as protecting the wildlife
and the countryside and cutting air pollution. They promote waste (7)
……………………………………………… and cleaning up of (8)
…………………………………………. Rivers. They also campaign for the reduction of traffic
levels and the improvement of public transport.
They lobby politicians and political parties to protect the ozone (9)
…………………………………………… and control dangerous chemicals.
to control dangerous chemicals. Their objectives also include promoting energy efficiency and
(10) …………………………………………….. energy.
2.Matching
Match the words from the two columns to create phrases or collocations.
SOLUTIONS:
1. ozone A. waste
2. nuclear B. layer
3. natural C. rain
4. greenhouse D. effect
5. global E. dioxide
6. dumping F. warming
7. carbon G. resources
8. acid H. ground
3.Find words that best complete the sentences. Each line corresponds to one letter.
Some letters have already been given.
1. Car _ x _ _ _ _ _ emissions are a major source of lead pollution in the atmosphere.
2. The company is very environmentally friendly: all the products come in

_ _ _ d _ _ _ _ d _ _ _ _ packaging.
3. Using energy efficiently reduces the emission of _ _ _ _ _ h _ _ s _ gases.
4. Oxygen in the atmosphere forms a screen – the ozone layer – which filters the
_ _ _ _ a _ _ _ l _ _ rays of the sun.
5. The Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident released huge amounts of r _ d _ _ _ _ _ n

into the environment.
6. The dinosaurs _ _ _ d out 65 million years ago.
7. _ m _ _ _ is the major cause of air pollution in big cities.
III . writing
Which of the Environmental problems mentioned in exercise A worry you the most.
Account for your answer (about 100 words).
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________

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What are some of the major environmental problems discussed in the document?

What are some of the major environmental problems discussed in the document?

According to the passage, what are some potential consequences if more of the Amazon forest is destroyed?

According to the passage, what are some potential consequences if more of the Amazon forest is destroyed?

I.A.

1.“Environmental racism is inequitable distribution of environmental

6.“ Sulfur dioxide and sulphuric acid released by industry causes

8.“ Worldwide, we lost between 9 million and 12 million ha of forest per

Environmental Science − A Global Concern

B. Read the following text carefully:

1-Give a title to the text.

2-Say whether the following statements are true or false:

a-The Amazon forest is bigger than Europe. ________________

3-Answer the following questions according to the text:

b- Why is the Amazon forest so important?

c- What will happen if it ever disappears?

4-Match the words with their synonyms:

5-Find in the text words that are opposite in meaning to:

-including §1 _____________________ -low §2 __________________________

acid – change – endangered – environmental – layer –

ozone – polluted – rainforests – reduction – renewable

Friends of the Earth is the world’s largest international network of (1)

1. Car _ x _ _ _ _ _ emissions are a major source of lead pollution in the atmosphere.

2. The company is very environmentally friendly: all the products come in

3. Using energy efficiently reduces the emission of _ _ _ _ _ h _ _ s _ gases.

5. The Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident released huge amounts of r _ d _ _ _ _ _ n

6. The dinosaurs _ _ _ d out 65 million years ago.

7. _ m _ _ _ is the major cause of air pollution in big cities.

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-including §1 _ -low §2 ______