St. Joseph's Sr. Sec. Co Ed School Social Science (Democratic Politics) Class IX
St. Joseph's Sr. Sec. Co Ed School Social Science (Democratic Politics) Class IX
Co‐ed School
Social Science (Democratic Politics)
Class‐IX
Chapter ‐2
Constitutional design
Topics covered:
Democratic Constitution in South Africa
Need of Constitution
Making of the Indian Constitution
Guiding Values of the Indian Constitution
Democratic Constitution in South Africa
Nelson Mandela, the South Africa leader of African National Congress, fought
a long battle against Apartheid.
Imprisoned for 28 years (1964‐1992) emerged as the First President of the
Republic of South Africa.
People struggled against the horrible discrimination practiced against them
by white minority rulers.
Apartheid finally defeated in 1994 and a new constitution made in 1996.
Black leaders appealed fellow blacks to forgive white.
Remarkable constitution, forgot past sufferings, sought co‐operation of all
the races which makes South Africa based on equality, democratic values
and social justice.
Need of constitution
Every country drafts its own constitution.
A constitution of a nation is a set of written laws accepted by people living
together in a country.
It generates trust and co‐ordination.
It is specifies how a government should be constitutional.
It expresses the aspiration of the people about creating a good society.
Making of Indian Constituion
The process began during the national struggle for freedom.
First draft 1928, then1931. Motilal Nehru and 8 leaders demanded in the
draft: universal adult franchise, social justice, right to freedom and liberty.
Participation in Provincial Legislatures helped Indian in framing their
constitution.
Leaders inspired by French Revolution, British Parliamentary system and the
Bill of Rights of the US.
They also learnt what the British were denying Indian citizens.
The Constituent Assembly
Elections to the Constituent Assembly held in July 1946.
Dr.B.R.Ambedkar appointed chairman of the drafting committee.
Constitution adopted on 26 November,1949 and enacted on 26 January,1950
when India became a republic.
The Constitution reflects the best minds of the country. Its members
represented mini‐India.
Every law was debated clause by clause and a consensus arrived at.
Every document presented and every word spoken in the Constituent
Assembly has been recorded and preserved known as Constituent debates.
It is the longest written Constitution.
Guiding Values of Indian Constitution
The leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, Dr.B.R.Ambedkar and Jawaharalal Nehru
put forward their views about dream and promise the Constitution makers
for the nation.
The Constitution describes the institutional arrangements in legal language.
As the Constitution is a highly detailed document, it needs to be amended
regularly to keep it up to date with a changing times. These changes are
called Constitutional amendments.
The Preamble of Constitution speaks about the philosophy on which entire
constitution has been built. It is the soul of Indian Constitution.
Following are the values mentioned in Preamble:
Sovereignty, Socialism, Secularism, Democratic, Republic nature of India,
Justice, Liberty, Equality and Fraternity.
Preamble of the Indian Constitution
Question and answers :‐
Q.1. What do you mean by “Policy of Apartheid”? How did this policy come to an
end?
A.1. Meaning of Policy The Policy of Apartheid was a system of racial
discrimination unique to South Africa. It was imposed on the blacks by the
white Europeans. In this system the blacks are forbidden from living in white
areas. Trains, buses, taxies, hospitals, hotels, school, collages, libraries,
cinema‐halls, beaches, swimming pools, public‐toilets, etc. were all separates
for the whites and the blacks.
End of Policy This policy came to an end on 26th April, 1994 when the
Republic of South Africa was born with a multi‐racial government.
Q.2. Describe any three efforts made by the people of South Africa to struggle
against the Apartheid system?
A.2. The following three efforts were made by the people of South Africa to
struggle against the Apartheid system:
i) From 1950, onwards, the black coloreds and the Indians fought against the
Apartheid system. They launched protest marches and strikes.
ii) The African National Congress led the struggle against this policy of
segregation. Many workers’ unions and the Communist party joined this
movement.
iii) Even many sensitive whites joined the ANC and played a leading role in the
movement.
Q.3.What is the significance of the ‘Preamble ’to the Indian Constitution?
A.3. Indian Constitution begins with a short statement of its basic values. This is
called the Preamble to the Constitution. Its significance are as follows:
i) It guides all the articles of the Indian Constitution.
ii) It is like a poem on democracy.
iii) It contains the philosophy on which the entire Constitution has been built.
iv) It is regarded as the soul of the Indian Constitution
v) It provides a standard to examine and evaluate any law and action of
government to find out whether it is good or bad.
Q.4. What is a Constitution? Why do we need a Constitution? Give any five
reasons.
A.4.The Constitution of a country is asset of written rules that are accepted by all
people living together in a country. Constitution is the supreme law that
determines the relationship among citizens and between government and
citizen.
We need a Constitution because of the following reasons :
i) It generates a degree of trust and coordination that is necessary for
different kinds of people to live together.
ii) It specifies how the government will be constituted and who will have
the power.
iii) It expresses the aspirations of the people about creating a good society.
iv) It lays down limits to the powers of the government and tells us what are
the rights of the citizens.
v) The Indian Constitution safeguards the interest of minorities. It gives
equal opportunity to all the section of the society.
Q.5. “Formation of Indian Constitution was no less a struggle than that of South
Africa”. Do you agree? Explain with five arguments.
A.5. Yes, I do agree that formation of Indian Constitution was no less a struggle
than that of South Africa as the country was born through a partition which
was a traumatic experience.
i) At that time, people of India were becoming conscious of their rights and
privileges.
ii) Our leaders gained confidence to learn from other countries, but on our
own terms.
iii) They were also influenced by the practices of Parliamentary democracy in
Britain and the Bill of Rights in the US.
iv) Social Revolution in Russia inspired many Indians to think of shaping
based on social and economic equality.
iv)The makers at each step ,were questioning whether the values and ideals
they accepted suited our country or not.
WORKSHEET
1) Who framed the Constitution of India?
2) Name any four members of the Constituent Assembly.
3) Who were called ‘Blacks’ in South Africa?
4) What does ‘Segregation’ mean in South Africa?
5) Explain the meaning of the terms: Sovereign, Justice, Equality, Fraternity.
6) Are you in favour of Apartheid system or against it? Why? Give sufficient
reason.
7) What is the full form of ANC?
8) What do you mean by Constituent Assembly Debate?
9) What is Preamble? Explain any four guiding principles enshrined in the
Preamble to the Indian Constitution.
10) What is Secularism?
11) Why is India considered as a Sovereign country?
12) Which country has the longest written Constitution of the World?
13) What is meant by the term ‘Socialist’?
14) What is Constitution Amendment?
Note: All the above content(Topics covered, question/answers,
worksheet)should be written in social science notebook.